thus

See also:þus

English

Pronunciation

• enPR:thŭs,IPA^(key):/ˈðʌs/

• Audio(US):

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ʌs

Etymology 1

FromMiddle Englishthus,þus,fromOld Englishþus(“thus, in this way, as follows, in this manner, to this extent”),fromProto-West Germanic*þus(“so, thus”),perhaps originally from a variant of the instrumental form ofthis,related toOld Englishþȳs(“by this, with this”),Old Saxonthius(“by this, with this”).Cognate withScotsthus(“thus”),North Frisianaldoz(“thus”),West Frisiandus(“thus”),Dutchdus(“thus, so”),Low Germansus(“thus, hence”).

Adverb

thus(notcomparable)(nowliteraryorformal)

1. (manner)Inthis wayor manner.

   If you throw the ballthus,as I’m showing you, you’ll have better luck hitting the target.

   • 1879,R[ichard] J[efferies],chapter 1, inThe Amateur Poacher,London:Smith, Elder, & Co.,[…],→OCLC:

     But then I had the [massive] flintlock by me for protection. ¶[…]The linen-press and a chest on the top of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and,thusmounted, aim could be taken out of the window at the old mare feeding in the meadow below by the brook, and a 'bead' could be drawn upon Molly, the dairymaid, kissing the fogger behind the hedge,[…].

2. (conjunctive)As a result.

   I have all the tools I need;thus,I will be able to fix the car without having to call a mechanic.

   • 1897December (indicated as1898),Winston Churchill,chapter VIII, inThe Celebrity: An Episode,New York, N.Y.:The Macmillan Company;London:Macmillan & Co., Ltd.,→OCLC:

     I corralled the judge, and we started off across the fields, in no very mild state of fear of that gentleman's wife, whose vigilance was seldom relaxed. Andthuswe came by a circuitous route to Mohair, the judge occupied by his own guilty thoughts, and I by others not less disturbing.

   • 1918,W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell,chapter XXII, inThe Mirror and the Lamp,Indianapolis, Ind.:The Bobbs-Merrill Company,→OCLC:

     Not unnaturally, “Auntie” took this communication in bad part.Thusoutraged, she showed herself to be a bold as well as a furious virago.

   • 2013July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”,inThe Economist,volume408,number8845:

     [The researchers] noticed many of their pieces of [plastic marine] debris sported surface pits around two microns across. Such pits are about the size of a bacterial cell. Closer examination showed that some of these pits did, indeed, contain bacteria, and that in several cases these bacteria were dividing andthus,by the perverse arithmetic of biological terminology, multiplying.

Synonyms

• (in this way):as such,like so,likethis,so,thusly;See alsoThesaurus:thus
• (as a result):as such,before,consequently,hence,so,therefore;See alsoThesaurus:therefore

Derived terms

Derived terms

• thus and so
• thus and such
• thus far
• thusly

Translations

in this way or manner

• Arabic:هَكَذَا(hakaḏā),كَذَا(kaḏā)

  Egyptian Arabic:كذا(keda)

  Gulf Arabic:چذي(čiði)

  Hijazi Arabic:كِذا(kida)

  Iraqi Arabic:هَيچ(hēč)

  Moroccan Arabic:هكدا(hākda)

  North Levantine Arabic:هيك(hēk)

  South Levantine Arabic:هيك(hēk)

• Azerbaijani:belə(az),bucür,buyolla
• Bashkir:ошолай(oşolay),шулай(şulay),ошолай итеп(oşolay itep),шулай итеп(şulay itep)
• Bengali:এভাবে(bn)(ebhabe)
• Catalan:així(ca)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese:Đạm dạng／Đạm dạng(yue)(gam²joeng^6-2)

  Mandarin:(formal)Như thử(zh)(rúcǐ),(informal)Giá dạng／Giá dạng(zh)(zhèyàng)

• Czech:tak(cs),takto(cs)
• Danish:dermed,dennelunde
• Dutch:zo(nl),alzo(nl),aldus(nl),waardoor(nl)
• Esperanto:tiel(eo)
• Finnish:näin(fi)
• French:ainsi(fr)
• Georgian:ასე(ase)
• German:so(de)
• Gothic:𐍃𐍅𐌰(swa)
• Greek:έτσι(el)(étsi)

  Ancient Greek:ταύτῃ(taútēi)

  Ancient:οὕτως(hoútōs)

• Hungarian:így(hu),ily módon,ekképp(hu),ekképpen(hu)
• Irish:amhlaidh
• Italian:così(it)
• Japanese:このDạng に(このように,kono yōni),こう(ja)(kō),こうして(kōshite)
• Kazakh:осылай(osylai),осылайша(osylaişa)
• Korean:이와 같이(iwa gachi),이처럼(icheoreom)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish:ئەوھا(ewha),بەم شێوەیە(bem şêweye)

• Latin:sic,ita(la)
• Lithuanian:šitaip,štai taip
• Macedonian:така(taka)
• Maltese:hekk
• Middle English:þus
• Norwegian:sånn(no),slik(no),på denne måten
• Occitan:atal,aital(oc)
• Pashto:داسې(ps)(dâse)
• Persian:ایدون(fa)(idun)
• Polish:tak(pl)
• Portuguese:assim(pt),dessaforma,dessejeito
• Romanian:așa(ro),așa cum,în acest fel,astfel(ro)
• Russian:так(ru)(tak),таки́м о́бразом(ru)(takím óbrazom)
• Sanskrit:यथा(sa)(yathā),एवम्(sa)(evam)
• Scottish Gaelic:mar seo,mar sin
• Somali:sidaan,sidaa
• Spanish:deestamanera,por lo tanto(es),así(es)
• Swedish:så(sv),såhär(sv),sålunda(sv),på detta vis
• Tok Pisin:olsem
• Turkish:böylece(tr)
• Ukrainian:так(uk)(tak),таки́м чи́ном(takým čýnom)
• Welsh:felly,fel hyn
• ǃXóõ:ǃāhʻu

as a result

• Amharic:ስለዚህ(səläzih)
• Arabic:وَهٰكَذَا(wahākaḏā),لِذَا(liḏā),إِذًا(ʔiḏan),بِالتَّالِي(bi-t-tālī)
• Azerbaijani:beləliklə(az)
• Bashkir:шулай итеп(şulay itep)
• Basque:hala
• Chinese:

  Mandarin:(formal)Nhân thử(zh)(yīncǐ),(informal)Sở dĩ(zh)(suǒyǐ)

• Czech:a tak,tedy(cs)
• Danish:således
• Dutch:bijgevolg(nl),aldus(nl)
• Esperanto:^{(pleaseverify)}sekve
• Finnish:täten(fi),siten(fi),niin(fi),näin(fi)
• French:ainsi(fr),alors(fr),donc(fr)
• Georgian:ანუ(anu)
• German:also(de),demnach(de)
• Greek:έτσι(el)(étsi)
• Hebrew:כך(kakh)
• Hungarian:így(hu),úgyhogy(hu),ezáltal(hu),ilyenformán(hu)
• Irish:uaidh seo,mar sin
• Italian:quindi(it),perciò(it),dunque(it),pertanto(it)
• Japanese:それCố(それゆえ,sore yue),従って(ja)(shitagatte),なので(ja)(nanode)
• Korean:그러므로(ko)(geureomeuro)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish:بۆیە(boye),چونکە(çunke)

• Latin:ita(la),sīc
• Lithuanian:taip(lt),tokiu būdu
• Malagasy:noho izany
• Maori:nā konā,nā konei,nā reira,nō reira,me te aha
• Mari:

  Eastern Mari:садлан(sadlan)

• Middle English:þus
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål:således

• Pashto:ځکه(źëka)
• Plautdietsch:aulsoo
• Polish:dlatego(pl)
• Portuguese:portanto(pt),logo(pt),assim(pt)(chiefly Brazil)
• Romanian:deci(ro),așadar(ro)
• Romansch:perquai
• Russian:таки́м о́бразом(ru)(takím óbrazom)
• Sanskrit:यथा(sa)(yathā)
• Scottish Gaelic:mar sin
• Slovene:takó(sl)
• Somali:sidaas darteed,sidaas daraadeed,sidas awgeed;saas darteed,saas daraadeed,saas awgeed
• Spanish:así(es)
• Swedish:följaktligen(sv),således(sv),sålunda(sv),alltså(sv)
• Ukrainian:отже’(otžeʺ),таки́м чи́ном(takým čýnom)
• Welsh:felly

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Arabic:^{(pleaseverify)}هَكَذَا(hakaḏā)
• Korean:^{(pleaseverify)}그래서(ko)(geuraeseo)
• Serbo-Croatian:^{(pleaseverify)}prema tome

Etymology 2

Noun

thus(uncountable)

1. Alternative form ofthuris

Anagrams

• Hust,STHU,Tush,huts,shut,tush

Latin

Alternative forms

• tūs

Etymology

FromAncient Greekθύος(thúos,“burnt offering,holocaust”),fromθύω(thúō).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin)IPA^(key):/tʰuːs/,[t̪ʰuːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key):/tus/,[t̪us]

Noun

thūsn(genitivethūris);third declension

1. incense,frankincense
   • 86CE– 103CE,Martial,Epigrammata13.4:

     Sērus ut aetheriae Germānicus imperet aulae
     utque diū terrīs, dā piatūraIovī.

     So that Germanicus might rule the heavenly palaces later
     and for a long time the earth, give piousincenseto Jupiter.

Declension

Third-declensionnoun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	thūs	thūra
Genitive	thūris	thūrum
Dative	thūrī	thūribus
Accusative	thūs	thūra
Ablative	thūre	thūribus
Vocative	thūs	thūra

Synonyms

• libanus(Late Latin)

Descendants

• →Middle Irish:túis
  • Irish:túis

See also

• thȳmiāma
• thuribulum

References

• “thus”,inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)A Latin Dictionary,Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “thus”,inCharlton T. Lewis (1891)An Elementary Latin Dictionary,New York: Harper & Brothers
• thusin Charles du Fresne du Cange’sGlossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis(augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• thusinGaffiot, Félix (1934)Dictionnaire illustré latin-français,Hachette.

Middle English

Adverb

thus

1. Alternative form ofþus