tort

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See also:-tort,to'rt,andtört

English

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WOTD – 11 April 2023

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishtort(“(uncountable) wrong; (countable) an injury, a wrong”),[1]fromOld Frenchtort(“misdeed, wrong”)(modernFrenchtort(“an error, wrong; a fault”)), fromMedieval Latintortum(“injustice, wrong”),anounuse of aneutersingularparticipleform ofLatintortus(“crooked; twisted”),theperfectpassiveparticiple oftorqueō(“to bend or twist awry, distort”),[2]ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*terkʷ-(“to spin; to turn”).

cognates

Noun

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tort(pluraltorts)

  1. (law)Awrongfulact,whetherintentionalornegligent,regardedasnon-criminalandunrelatedto acontract,whichcausesaninjuryand can beremediedincivil court,usually through theawardingofdamages.[from late 16th c.]
    Synonym:(Scots law)delict
    • [1628,Edw[ard] Coke,“Of Rents”, inThe First Part of the Institutes of the Lawes of England.[…],London:[…][Adam Islip]for theSociete of Stationers,→OCLC,book 2, chapter 12, section 234,folio 158, verso:
      […]Wrong or Iniury, is in French aptly calledTort,becauſe Iniury & wrong is wreſted or crooked, being contrary to that which is right and ſtreight.[…]AndBrittonſaith thatTorta la ley eſt contrarye [a wrong to the law is contrary], and as aptly for the cauſe aforeſaid is iniury in English called wrong.]
    • 1768,William Blackstone,“Of Wrongs, and Their Remedies, Respecting the Rights of Persons”, inCommentaries on the Laws of England,book III (Of Private Wrongs), Oxford, Oxfordshire:[…]Clarendon Press,→OCLC,page117:
      Personal actions are ſuch vvhereby a man claims a debt, or perſonal duty, or damages in lieu thereof; and likevviſe vvhereby a man claims a ſatisfaction in damages for ſome injury done to his perſon or property. The former are ſaid to be founded on contracts, the latter upontortsor vvrongs:[…]of the latter all actions for treſpaſſes, nuſances, aſſaults, defamatory vvords, and the like.
    • 1891,Henry Campbell Black,“TORT”, inA Dictionary of Law[…],St. Paul, Minn.:West Publishing Co.,→OCLC,page1178,column 1:
      Atortis a legal wrong committed upon the person or property independent of contract. It may be either (1) a direct invasion of some legal right of the individual; (2) the infraction of some public duty by which special damage accrues to the individual; (3) the violation of some private obligation by which like damage accrues to the individual.
  2. (obsolete)An injury orwrong.[late 14th – 18th c.]
Derived terms
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Translations
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Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishtort,torte(“contorted, crooked; twisted”),[3]fromOld Frenchtort,torte(“crooked; twisted”),or from itsetymonLatintortus(“crooked; twisted”):[4]see further atetymology 1.

Adjective

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tort

  1. (obsolete)Twisted.

Etymology 3

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A variant oftart.[5][6]

Adjective

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tort(comparativemoretort,superlativemosttort)

  1. (British,dialectal)Synonym oftart(“sharp- orsour-tasting;(figuratively)keen,severe,sharp”)
Translations
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Etymology 4

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A variant oftaut.[5][7]

Adjective

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tort(comparativetorter,superlativetortest)(British,dialectal,obsolete)

  1. Synonym oftaut(“stretchedtight;undertension”)
    • 1847,R[alph] W[aldo] Emerson,“Initial, Dæmonic, and Celestial Love”, inPoems,Boston, Mass.: James Munroe and Company,→OCLC,part I (The Initial Love),page158:
      Yet holds he them withtortestrein, / That they may seize and entertain / The glance that to their glance opposes, / Like fiery honey sucked from roses.
  2. (nautical)Of aboat:watertight.
Translations
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Etymology 5

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Clippingoftortoise.

Noun

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tort(pluraltorts)

  1. (slang)Clipping oftortoise.
Translations
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Etymology 6

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Clippingoftortoiseshell.

Noun

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tort(pluraltorts)

  1. (slang)Clipping oftortoiseshell(“adomestic cat,guinea pig,rabbit,or otheranimalwhosefurhasblack,brown,andyellowmarkings”);atortie.
Translations
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References

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  1. ^“tort,n.”,inMED Online,Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.
  2. ^“tort,n.”,inOED OnlinePaid subscription required⁠,Oxford, Oxfordshire:Oxford University Press,March 2022;“tort,n.”,inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.
  3. ^“tort(e,adj.”,inMED Online,Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.
  4. ^“† tort,adj.”,inOED OnlinePaid subscription required⁠,Oxford, Oxfordshire:Oxford University Press,March 2021.
  5. ↑5.05.1Joseph Wright,editor (1905), “TORT”, inThe English Dialect Dictionary:[…],volume VI (T–Z, Supplement, Bibliography and Grammar), London: Henry Frowde,[…],publisher to theEnglish Dialect Society,[…];New York, N.Y.:G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons,→OCLC,page198,column 2.
  6. ^Joseph Wright,editor (1905), “TART,adj.andsb.2”,inThe English Dialect Dictionary:[…],volume VI (T–Z, Supplement, Bibliography and Grammar), London: Henry Frowde,[…],publisher to theEnglish Dialect Society,[…];New York, N.Y.:G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons,→OCLC,page35.
  7. ^Joseph Wright,editor (1905), “TAUT,adj.andv.1”,inThe English Dialect Dictionary:[…],volume VI (T–Z, Supplement, Bibliography and Grammar), London: Henry Frowde,[…],publisher to theEnglish Dialect Society,[…];New York, N.Y.:G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons,→OCLC,page42,column 2.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Catalan

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Etymology

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InheritedfromOld Catalantort,fromLatintortus(“twisted”).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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tort(femininetorta,masculine pluraltorts,feminine pluraltortes)

  1. bent,twisted,crooked,askew,wonky
  2. one-eyed
    Synonym:borni

Derived terms

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Noun

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tortm(pluraltorts)

  1. harm,injury
    Synonym:dany

References

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Estonian

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromGermanTorte.

Noun

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tort(genitivetordi,partitivetorti)

  1. largecake;cream cake,gateau
    Synonyms:kook,keeks

Declension

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Declension oftort(ÕS type22e/riik,t-dgradation)
singular plural
nominative tort tordid
accusative nom.
gen. tordi
genitive tortide
partitive torti torte
tortisid
illative torti
tordisse 		tortidesse
tordesse
inessive tordis tortides
tordes
elative tordist tortidest
tordest
allative tordile tortidele
tordele
adessive tordil tortidel
tordel
ablative tordilt tortidelt
tordelt
translative tordiks tortideks
tordeks
terminative tordini tortideni
essive tordina tortidena
abessive tordita tortideta
comitative tordiga tortidega

French

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Etymology

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InheritedfromOld Frenchtort,fromLatintortum,substantive use oftortus,the past participle oftorqueō(“twist, turn”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tortm(pluraltorts)

  1. fault
    Ellealetortd’avoirtropdeprécipitation.―Her trouble is, she's too hasty.
    Lemarin’aaucuntort.―The husband is not to blame.
  2. wrong,error
    Je regrette, vous avez tort.I'm afraid you are mistaken.
    Nous avons fait notre choix, à tort ou à raison.We have made our choice, rightly or wrongly.
    • 1837,Louis Viardot,L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manche‎fr.Wikisource,translation ofEl ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Manchaby Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Volume I, Chapter IV:
      [J]e suis le valeureux don Quichotte de la Manche, le défaiseur detortset le réparateur d’iniquités.
      ... I am the valiant Don Quixote of La Mancha, the undoer ofwrongsand the repairer of iniquities.

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Hungarian

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Etymology

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tor+‎-t(accusative suffix)

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key):[ˈtort]
  • Hyphenation:tort

Noun

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tort

  1. accusativesingularoftor

Middle English

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Etymology

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FromOld Frenchtort,fromLatintortum.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tort(pluraltortes)

  1. (rare,especiallylaw)tort(wrong)

Descendants

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  • English:tort
  • Scots:tort

References

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromFrenchtort,fromLatintortum.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tort

  1. (law)offenseagainst someone, aninsultorinconveniencecaused to someone

Usage notes

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Only used in the legal phrasetort og svie.

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References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Verb

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tort

  1. supineoftora

Old French

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Etymology

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FromLatintortum,substantive use oftortus,the past participle oftorqueō(“twist, turn”).

Noun

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tortoblique singular,m(oblique pluraltorzortortz,nominative singulartorzortortz,nominative pluraltort)

  1. wrong;misdeed(something considered wrong)
    • 12th Century,Béroul,Tristan et Iseut:
      Sovent regrete le roi Marc
      Son oncle, qui a fait teltort
      King Mark often regretted
      That his uncle had done such a bad thing

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Old Occitan

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Etymology

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FromLatintortum,substantive use oftortus,the past participle oftorqueō(“twist, turn”).

Noun

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tortm(oblique pluraltortz,nominative singulartortz,nominative pluraltort)

  1. wrong(immoral act)
  2. error;mistake

References

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Polish

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PolishWikipediahas an article on:
Wikipediapl
tort

Etymology

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BorrowedfromGermanTorte.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tortminan(diminutivetorcik,related adjectivetortowy)

  1. torte,gateau(type of cake)
  2. birthday cake

Declension

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Declension oftort
singular plural
nominative tort torty
genitive tortu tortów
dative tortowi tortom
accusative tort torty
instrumental tortem tortami
locative torcie tortach
vocative torcie torty

Derived terms

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noun

Further reading

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  • tortinWielki słownik języka polskiego,Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • tortin Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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InheritedfromLatintortus.

Noun

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tortn(pluraltorturi)

  1. thread(spun and made of hemp)
  2. quantity of spun threads
Declension
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Declension oftort
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un)tort tortul (niște)torturi torturile
genitive/dative (unui)tort tortului (unor)torturi torturilor
vocative tortule torturilor
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Etymology 2

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BorrowedfromGermanTorte.

Alternative forms

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Noun

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tortn(pluraltorturi)

  1. cake
Declension
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Declension oftort
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un)tort tortul (niște)torturi torturile
genitive/dative (unui)tort tortului (unor)torturi torturilor
vocative tortule torturilor
See also
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Veps

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Etymology

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(Thisetymologyis missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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tort

  1. tart
  2. cake

Inflection

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Inflection oftort(inflection type 6/kuva)
nominative sing. tort
genitive sing. tortan
partitive sing. tortad
partitive plur. tortid
singular plural
nominative tort tortad
accusative tortan tortad
genitive tortan tortiden
partitive tortad tortid
essive-instructive tortan tortin
translative tortaks tortikš
inessive tortas tortiš
elative tortaspäi tortišpäi
illative tortaha
tortha 		tortihe
adessive tortal tortil
ablative tortalpäi tortilpäi
allative tortale tortile
abessive tortata tortita
comitative tortanke tortidenke
prolative tortadme tortidme
approximative I tortanno tortidenno
approximative II tortannoks tortidennoks
egressive tortannopäi tortidennopäi
terminative I tortahasai
torthasai 		tortihesai
terminative II tortalesai tortilesai
terminative III tortassai —
additive I tortahapäi
torthapäi 		tortihepäi
additive II tortalepäi tortilepäi

References

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  • Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “торт”,inUz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ[New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎[1],Petrozavodsk: Periodika
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