trí

See also:Appendix:Variations of "tri"

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/tʲɾʲiː/

Etymology 1

Irish numbers^(edit)

	30
← 2	3	4 →
Cardinal:trí Ordinal:tríú Personal:triúr

FromOld Irishtrí,fromProto-Celtic*trīs,fromProto-Indo-European*tréyes.

Numeral

trí

2. three

Usage notes

• May be used with nouns in both the singular and plural; the singular is more common in general, but the plural must be used with units of measurement and the like. Triggerslenitionof nouns in the singular andh-prothesisof nouns in the plural:

• tríchat―three cats
• trítroithe―three feet
• tríhéin―three birds

• When used with the definite article, the definite article is always in the plural. When used with adjectives, the adjective is also in the plural and is always lenited after nouns in the singular; after nouns in the plural, the adjective only lenites after slender consonants:

• trí chapallbhána―three white horses
• na trí eaglaismhóra―the three big churches

But:

• trí capaillbhána―three white horses
• na trí heaglaisímóra―the three big churches

• When referring to human beings, the personal formtriúris used.

Alternative forms

• trí-(combining)

Derived terms

• trí déag
• tríú(ordinal)
• triúr(used with personal nouns)

Etymology 2

FromMiddle Irishtri,tre,fromOld Irishtri,tre,fromProto-Celtic*trei(compareWelshtrwy), fromProto-Indo-European*terh₂-(“to pass through”).

Preposition

trí(plus dative,triggerslenition,before the definite article in singulartríd)

2. through

Inflection

Inflectionoftrí

Person	Normal	Emphatic
1st person sing.	tríom	tríomsa
2d person sing.	tríot	tríotsa
3d sing. masc.	tríd	trídsean
3d sing. fem.	tríthi	tríthise
1st person pl.	trínn	trínne
2d person pl.	tríbh	tríbhse
3d person pl.	tríothu	tríothusan

Alternative forms

• tré
• tré-(combining)
• fríd(Ulster)

Derived terms

Irish preposition contractions

Basic form	Contracted with							Copular forms
	an(“thesg”)	na(“thepl”)	mo(“my”)	do(“your”)	a(“his, her, their; which (present)”)	ár(“our”)	ar(“which (past)”)	(before consonant)	(present/future before vowel)	(past/conditional before vowel)
de(“from”)	den	dena desna*	demo dem*	dedo ded*,det*	dá	dár		dar	darb	darbh
do(“to, for”)	don	dona dosna*	domo dom*	dodo dod*,dot*	dá	dár		dar	darb	darbh
faoi(“under, about”)	faoin	faoina	faoimo	faoido	faoina	faoinár	faoinar		faoinarb	faoinarbh
i(“in”)	sa,san	sna	imo im*	ido id*,it*	ina	inár	inar		inarb	inarbh
le(“with”)	leisan	leisna	lemo lem*	ledo led*,let*	lena	lenár	lenar		lenarb	lenarbh
ó(“from, since”)	ón	óna ósna*	ómo óm*	ódo ód*,ót*	óna	ónár	ónar		ónarb	ónarbh
trí(“through”)	trídan	trína	trímo	trído	trína	trínár	trínar		trínarb	trínarbh
*Dialectal.

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
trí	thrí	dtrí
Note:Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall(1977) “trí”,inFoclóir Gaeilge–Béarla,Dublin: An Gúm,→ISBN

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

FromOld Norseþrír,fromProto-Norseᚦᚱᛁᛃᛟᛉ(þrijoʀ)(feminine plural),fromProto-Germanic*þrīz,ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*tréyes.Compare Danish and Swedishtre,Icelandicþrír,Faroesetríggir,Englishthree.

Pronunciation

• (Setesdal)IPA^(key):[tʰræɪ̯]

Numeral

trím(femininetrjå,neutertrjú)

1. (dialectal,Setesdal)three

   ‘Er ætrígúta,trjåjentu, åtrjúbórd.

   There arethreelads,threegirls, andthreetables.

See also

• tri(Nynorsk)

References

• “trí”at Vallemål.no

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• tri

Etymology 1

FromProto-Celtic*trīs,fromProto-Indo-European*tréyes.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/tʲrʲi/,/tʲrʲiː/

Numeral

Old Irish cardinal numbers

< 2	3	4 >
Cardinal:trí Ordinal:tris Male personal:tríar

trí(feminineteoir)

1. three

Usage notes

When attributively (before a noun) it is generally writtentriand was probably also pronounced short:

tri anman(/tʲrʲi h-/)―three names

When used substantively it was always written and pronounced longtrí:

i n-aeclis no thríi(/tʲrʲiː/)―in a church or in three

Inflection

Irregular numeral
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	tríH	teoir,téoraH	tríL
Vocative
Accusative		téoraH
Genitive	tríN	téoraN	tríN
Dative	trib	téoraib	trib
Notes	Initial mutations of a following noun: H= triggers aspiration L= triggers lenition N= triggers nasalization

In archaic texts the formtrealso occurs for nom./acc. neuter as well as gen. masculine.

Derived terms

• tréde(“three things”)
• tretheng(“trio”)
• tree(“third”)
• trían(“third part”)
• tríar(“trio”)
• trícho(“thirty”)

Descendants

• Middle Irish:trí
  • Irish:trí
  • Manx:tree
  • Scottish Gaelic:trì

Etymology 2

Preposition

trí

1. Alternative spelling oftri

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
trí	thrí	trí pronounced with/d(ʲ)-/
Note:Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “trí”,ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội)IPA^(key):[t͡ɕi˧˦]
• (Huế)IPA^(key):[ʈɪj˨˩˦]
• (Saigon)IPA^(key):[ʈɪj˦˥]

Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnameseword fromTrí.

Noun

trí

1. wisdom;knowledge;intelligence
2. (figurative)mind

Adjective

trí

1. wise;intelligent;astute

Derived terms

• cơ trí(Cơ trí,“quick-witted”)
• đãng trí(Đãng trí,“forgetful”)
• đấu trí(Đấu trí,“to match wits”)
• giải trí(Giải trí,“to relax”)
• lí trí,lý trí(Lý trí,“rationality”)
• loạn trí(Loạn trí,“deranged”)
• mất trí(𠅒Trí,“to go crazy; dementia”)
• mưu trí(Mưu trí,“resourcefulness”)
• nhanh trí(𨘱Trí,“quick-witted”)
• quẫn trí(Quẫn trí,“distraught”)
• sở hữu trí tuệ(Sở hữuTrí tuệ,“of intellectual property”)
• tài trí(Tài trí,“talent and intellect”)
• tâm trí(Tâm trí,“mind”)
• thần trí(Thần trí,“mind”)
• tĩnh trí(Tĩnh trí,“to compose oneself”)
• trí dục(Trí dục,“intellectual education”)
• trí giả(Trí giả,“an intellectual”)
• trí khôn(“intelligence”)
• trí lự(Trí lự,“contemplation”)
• trí lực(Trí lực,“mindpower”)
• trí não(Trí não,“intellect”)
• trí năng(Trí năng,“intelligence”)
• trí nhớ(Trí𫺈,“memory”)
• trí óc(Trí𩠭,“brains”)
• trí sĩ(Trí sĩ,“an intellectual”)
• trí thức(Trí thức,“intelligentsia”)
• trí trá(Trí trá,“cunning”)
• trí tuệ(Trí tuệ,“wisdom”)
• trí tuệ nhân tạo(Trí tuệNhân tạo,“artificial intelligence”)
• trí tưởng(Trí tưởng,“imagination”)
• trí tưởng tượng(Trí tưởng tượng,“imagination”)
• trí xảo(Trí xảo,“ingenuity; cunning”)
• yên trí(An trí,“to rest assured”)

Etymology 2

Sino-Vietnamesereading of various Chinese characters.

Romanization

trí

1. Sino-Vietnamesereading ofTrí
2. Sino-Vietnamesereading ofTrí
3. Sino-Vietnamesereading ofTrí

Derived terms

• an trí(An trí,“to lay to rest; banish”)
• bài trí(Bài trí,“to place in order”)
• bố trí(Bố trí,“to arrange”)
• cảnh trí(Cảnh trí,“scenery”)
• hưu trí(Hưu trí,“to retire”)
• nhất trí(Nhất trí,“unanimous”)
• thiết trí(Thiết trí,“to set up”)
• trang trí(Trang trí,“to decorate”)
• trí mạng(Trí mệnh,“fatal”)
• vị trí(Vị trí,“location”)
• xử trí(Xử trí,“to handle”)

Anagrams

• rít