virar
Catalan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]InheritedfromVulgar Latin*virāre,probably fromLatinvibrāre(in which case it is adoubletofvibrar). Other possibilities include an alteration ofgȳrō(source of the synonymgirar) or a derivation fromGaulish*viru(“to deviate, veer off”),itself derived fromviros(“round, crooked”).CompareItalianvirare,Frenchvirer.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]virar(first-person singular presentviro,first-person singular preteritevirí,past participlevirat)
- (intransitive)toturn(to change one's direction of travel)
- Synonym:girar
- (intransitive,nautical)totack
- (transitive)toturn(to change the direction or orientation of)
- (transitive,photography)totone
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | virar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | virant | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | virat | virada | |||||
plural | virats | virades | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | viro | vires | vira | virem | vireu | viren | |
imperfect | virava | viraves | virava | viràvem | viràveu | viraven | |
future | viraré | viraràs | virarà | virarem | virareu | viraran | |
preterite | virí | virares | virà | viràrem | viràreu | viraren | |
conditional | viraria | viraries | viraria | viraríem | viraríeu | virarien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | viri | viris | viri | virem | vireu | virin | |
imperfect | virés | viressis | virés | viréssim | viréssiu | viressin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
affirmative | — | vira | viri | virem | vireu | virin | |
negative(no) | — | noviris | noviri | novirem | novireu | novirin |
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “virar”inDiccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició,Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “virar”,inGran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana,Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana,2024
- “virar”inDiccionari normatiu valencià,Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “virar”inDiccionari català-valencià-balear,Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Attested since the 15th century. Probably fromOld Frenchvirer,[1]ultimately fromCeltic,fromProto-Indo-European*weh₁y-(“to twist”).[2][3]CompareBretongwar(“curved”),fromProto-Celtic*weiro-(“crooked”).[4]Alternatively fromVulgar Latin*virō,probably fromLatinvibrō.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]virar(first-person singular presentviro,first-person singular preteritevirei,past participlevirado)
- (transitive,intransitive)toturn,rotate
- Synonym:xirar
- 1432,Antonio Fernández Salgado, editor,A documentación medieval de San Bieito do Campo,Santiago: USC, page74:
- prometemos de o teer, conprir e agardar e nõvirarmoscontra elo
- we promise to keep [this deal], to fulfill it, and to don'tturnagainst it
- (transitive)toturn upside down
- (pronominal)tobecome;toalterinmannerorappearance
Conjugation
[edit]Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el/ela/Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles/elas/Vdes.) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | virar | |||||
Personal | virar | virares | virar | virarmos | virardes | viraren |
Gerund | ||||||
virando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | virado | virados | ||||
Feminine | virada | viradas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | viro | viras | vira | viramos | virades | viran |
Imperfect | viraba | virabas | viraba | virabamos | virabades | viraban |
Preterite | virei | viraches | virou | viramos | virastes | viraron |
Pluperfect | virara | viraras | virara | viraramos | virarades | viraran |
Future | virarei | virarás | virará | viraremos | viraredes | virarán |
Conditional | viraría | virarías | viraría | virariamos | virariades | virarían |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | vire | vires | vire | viremos | viredes | viren |
Imperfect | virase | virases | virase | virásemos | virásedes | virasen |
Future | virar | virares | virar | virarmos | virardes | viraren |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | vira | vire | viremos | virade | viren | |
Negative(non) | nonvires | nonvire | nonviremos | nonviredes | nonviren |
1Less recommended.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “virar”,inCorpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval(in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:ILG
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández,editor (2006–2013), “virar”,inDicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega[Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “virar”,inDicionario da Real Academia Galega(in Galician), A Coruña:Royal Galician Academy,since 2012
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández,Ernesto Xosé González Seoane,María Álvarez de la Granja,editors (2003–2018), “virar”,inTesouro informatizado da lingua galega(in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “virar”inDicionário Estraviz de galego(2014).
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco,editor (2014–2024), “virar”,inTesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués(in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega,→ISSN
- ^Pensado, José Luis,Messner, Dieter (2003) “bira”, inBachiller Olea: Vocabulos gallegos escuros: lo que quieren decir(Cadernos de Lingua: anexos; 7)[1],A Coruña: Real Academia Galega / Galaxia,→ISBN
- ^Joan Coromines,José A. Pascual(1983–1991) “virar”, inDiccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico(in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
- ^Grzega, Joachim (2001)Romania Gallica Cisalpina etymologisch-geolinguistische Studien zu den oberitalienisch-rätoromanischen Keltizismen[2],Tübingen: M. Niemeyer,→ISBN,page260– viaDe Gruyter.
- ^Matasović, Ranko(2009)Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden:Brill,→ISBN
Occitan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]FromLate Latinvirō.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]virar
- toturn
Conjugation
[edit]simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | virar | avervirat | |||||
gerund | virant | use gerund ofaver+ past participle | |||||
past participle | virat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | viri | viras | vira | viram | viratz | viran | |
imperfect | viravi | viravas | virava | viràvem | viràvetz | viravan | |
preterite | virèri | virères | virèt | virèrem | virèretz | virèron | |
future | virarai | viraràs | virarà | virarem | viraretz | viraràn | |
conditional | virariái | virariás | virariá | virariam | virariatz | virarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | virèra | virèras | virèra | vireram | vireratz | virèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense ofaver+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | vire | vires | vire | virem | viretz | viren | |
imperfect | virèssi | virèsses | virèsse | virèssem | virèssetz | virèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive ofaver+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
vira | virem | viratz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | virar | avervirat | |||||
gerund | virant | use gerund ofaver+ past participle | |||||
past participle | virat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | vire | vires | vira | viram | viratz | viron | |
imperfect | virave | viraves | virava | viraviam | viraviatz | viravon | |
preterite | virere | vireres | viret | virem | viretz | vireron | |
future | virarai | viraràs | virará | virarem | viraretz | virarán | |
conditional | virariá | virariás | virariá | virariam | virariatz | virarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | virèra | virèras | virèra | vireram | vireratz | virèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense ofaver+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | vire | vires | vire | virassiam | virassiatz | viron | |
imperfect | viresse | viresses | viresse | viressiam | viressiatz | viresson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive ofaver+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
vira | virassiam | viratz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | virar | avervirat | |||||
gerund | virant | use gerund ofaver+ past participle | |||||
past participle | virat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | viri | viras | vira | viram | viratz | viran | |
imperfect | viravi | viravas | virava | viràvam | viràvatz | viravan | |
preterite | virèi | virès | virè | virèm | virètz | virèn | |
future | virarèi | viraràs | virarà | viraram | viraratz | viraràn | |
conditional | virarí | virarés | viraré | virarem | viraretz | virarén | |
conditional 2nd form1 | virèra | virèras | virèra | vireram | vireratz | virèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense ofaver+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | viri | vires | vire | virem | viretz | viren | |
imperfect | virèssi | virèsses | virèsse | virèssem | virèssetz | virèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive ofaver+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
vira | virem | viratz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | virar | avervirat | |||||
gerund | virant | use gerund ofaver+ past participle | |||||
past participle | virat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | vire | viras | vira | viram | viratz | viran | |
imperfect | virava | viravas | virava | viràvam | viràvatz | viravan | |
preterite | virei | vireras | viret | virèram | virèratz | vireran | |
future | virarai | viraràs | virará | virarem | viraretz | virarán | |
conditional | virariá | virariàs | virariá | virariam | virariatz | virarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | virèra | virèras | virèra | vireram | vireratz | virèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense ofaver+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | vire | vires | vire | virem | viretz | viren | |
imperfect | virèsse | virèsses | virèsse | virèssem | virèssetz | virèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive ofaver+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
vira | virem | viratz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | virar | avervirat | |||||
gerund | virant | use gerund ofaver+ past participle | |||||
past participle | virat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | vire | vires | vira | viram | viratz | viran | |
imperfect | viravi | viravas | virava | viràvem | viràvetz | viravan | |
preterite | virère | virères | virèt | vireriam | vireriatz | virèron | |
future | virarai | viraràs | virarà | virarem | viraretz | viraràn | |
conditional | virariáu | virariás | virariá | virariam | virariatz | virarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | virèra | virèras | virèra | vireram | vireratz | virèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense ofaver+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | vire | vires | vire | virem | viretz | viran | |
imperfect | virèsse | virèsses | virèsse | viressiam | viressiatz | virèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive ofaver+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
vira | virem | viratz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]FromVulgar Latin*virāre,fromLatingȳrāreorvibrāre.
Pronunciation
[edit]
Verb
[edit]virar(first-person singular presentviro,first-person singular preteritevirei,past participlevirado)
- (ergative)toturn(tochangedirection)
- (ergative)toturn around(toreversedirection)
- (nautical,ergative)tocapsize
- (ergative,of an opinion)totopple,tooverturn
- (transitive,of a drink)todrink up(toemptya recipient of the liquidthereinby drinking it through)
- (ergative,of a stomach)toupset
- (Brazil,colloquial,copulative)tobecome,toturn into,totransform,toconvert
- Synonyms:tornar,transformar,converter
- Ela ter aparecido na TV fez com que elavirasseuma espécie desubcelebridadeentre os amigos.―Her appearing on TV made herbecominga sort ofsubcelebrityamong her friends.
- Ocaraera o maiorvida louca,sério,e ainda assimvirouevangélico,do nada!―Thedudewas aplaingangsta,really,andeven soturned intoaborn-againChristian,all of a sudden!
- (Brazil,colloquial,reflexive)tomake do,todeal with
- Synonyms:resolver,solucionar,lidar,fazer acontecer,encarar,enfrentar,desenrolar,matar no peito
- Ainda não sei muito bem como é que eu vou fazer, maspode deixarqueeu me viroassim mesmo.―I still don't know how exactly I'mgonnamake it,butdon't worry,I'llhandleitanyway.
- (Brazil,colloquial,reflexive)toget by,tomake ends meet,topush forward
- Synonyms:lidar,aguentar,viver,sobreviver,subsistir
- Que é difícil, é, né? Mas Deus ajuda, ea gentevai se virandocomo pode.―Yeah, it's difficult,that's right.But God helps, andwe keep pushing forwardas we can.
- (Brazil,colloquial,ergative)topull an all-nighter,tostay awake all night
- Synonyms:virar a noite,passar a noite em claro,tresnoitar,transnoitar
- E aí,boravirarhoje jogando umWarzinho?―So,how aboutwespend this nightplaying someRisk?
- Anenêchorou a noite inteira, e eu fui trabalharvirada.―The baby cried all night long, and I went to workwithout having slept.
- (Brazil,colloquial,copulative,with preposition "em",chiefly of spiritual entities)toembody,toincarnate
- Synonyms:baixar,receber,incorporar,encarnar,transmutar
- NaUmbanda,até um branco podevirarnum Preto-Velho.―InUmbanda,even a White mayreceiveanOld Black.
- Ontem eu acordeivirado no Jiraya―Yesterday I woke upsuper stressed(that is, inspired by the Japanese seriesSekai Ninja Sen Jiraiya).
- (Brazil,colloquial,copulative,with preposition "em",chiefly of mental states)tostrike,tostick,toinfatuate
Conjugation
[edit]Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele/ela/você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles/elas/vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | virar | |||||
Personal | virar | virares | virar | virarmos | virardes | virarem |
Gerund | ||||||
virando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | virado | virados | ||||
Feminine | virada | viradas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | viro | viras | vira | viramos | virais | viram |
Imperfect | virava | viravas | virava | virávamos | viráveis | viravam |
Preterite | virei | viraste | virou | viramos1,virámos2 | virastes | viraram |
Pluperfect | virara | viraras | virara | viráramos | viráreis | viraram |
Future | virarei | virarás | virará | viraremos | virareis | virarão |
Conditional | viraria | virarias | viraria | viraríamos | viraríeis | virariam |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | vire | vires | vire | viremos | vireis | virem |
Imperfect | virasse | virasses | virasse | virássemos | virásseis | virassem |
Future | virar | virares | virar | virarmos | virardes | virarem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | vira | vire | viremos | virai | virem | |
Negative(não) | nãovires | nãovire | nãoviremos | nãovireis | nãovirem |
1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Descendants
[edit]- Macanese:virâ
Further reading
[edit]- “virar”inDicionário Abertobased onNovo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo,1913
- “virar”,inMichaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa(in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos,2015–2024
- “virar”,inDicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa(in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam,2008–2024
Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Perhaps from aVulgar Latinroot *virāre,of uncertain origin: possibly ofCeltic;(compareWelshgwyro) or possibly a variation ofLatinvibrāreorgȳrāre.See alsoFrenchvirer,Italianvirare.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]virar(first-person singular presentviro,first-person singular preteriteviré,past participlevirado)
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | virar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | virando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | virado | virada | |||||
plural | virados | viradas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | viro | virastú virásvos |
vira | viramos | viráis | viran | |
imperfect | viraba | virabas | viraba | virábamos | virabais | viraban | |
preterite | viré | viraste | viró | viramos | virasteis | viraron | |
future | viraré | virarás | virará | viraremos | viraréis | virarán | |
conditional | viraría | virarías | viraría | viraríamos | viraríais | virarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | vire | virestú virésvos2 |
vire | viremos | viréis | viren | |
imperfect (ra) |
virara | viraras | virara | viráramos | virarais | viraran | |
imperfect (se) |
virase | virases | virase | virásemos | viraseis | virasen | |
future1 | virare | virares | virare | viráremos | virareis | viraren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | viratú virávos |
vire | viremos | virad | viren | ||
negative | novires | novire | noviremos | noviréis | noviren |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “virar”,inDiccionario de la lengua española,Vigésima tercera edición,Real Academia Española,2014
Swedish
[edit]Verb
[edit]virar
- Catalan terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan doublets
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan verbs
- Catalan first conjugation verbs
- Catalan intransitive verbs
- ca:Nautical
- Catalan transitive verbs
- ca:Photography
- Galician terms borrowed from Old French
- Galician terms derived from Old French
- Galician terms derived from Celtic languages
- Galician terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Galician terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Galician terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Galician lemmas
- Galician verbs
- Galician verbs ending in -ar
- Galician transitive verbs
- Galician intransitive verbs
- Galician terms with quotations
- Occitan terms derived from Late Latin
- Occitan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Occitan terms with audio links
- Occitan lemmas
- Occitan verbs
- Occitan first group verbs
- Portuguese terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese 3-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with homophones
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese verbs
- Portuguese verbs ending in -ar
- Portuguese ergative verbs
- Portuguese terms with usage examples
- pt:Nautical
- Portuguese transitive verbs
- Brazilian Portuguese
- Portuguese colloquialisms
- Portuguese copulative verbs
- Portuguese reflexive verbs
- Spanish terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Celtic languages
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ
- Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ/2 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish verbs
- Spanish verbs ending in -ar
- es:Nautical
- Swedish non-lemma forms
- Swedish verb forms