kapal

See also: kapál, kapał, and kąpał

English

Noun

kapal (plural kapals)

1. Alternative form of kappal (“ship”)

Ambonese Malay

Etymology

From Malay kapal, from Tamil கப்பல் (kappal, “ship, sailing vessel”).

Noun

kapal

1. ship (large water vessel)

Balinese

Romanization

kapal

1. Romanization of ᬓᬧᬮ᭄

Cebuano

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: ka‧pal

Noun

kapal

1. the yellow-tailed sergeant major (Abudefduf notatus)

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkapal]

Participle

kapal

1. masculine singular past active participle of kapat

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈkapal/ [ˈka.pal]
• Rhymes: -apal
• Syllabification: ka‧pal

Etymology 1

From Malay kapal (“ship”), from Classical Malay kapal (“decked ship”), from Tamil கப்பல் (kappal, “ship, sailing vessel”). In the third sense, a mistranslation of English ship (“relationship”), from relation + -ship (etymologically unrelated to the noun ship).

Noun

kapal (first-person possessive kapalku, second-person possessive kapalmu, third-person possessive kapalnya)

1. ship:
   1. (literal) A water-borne vessel generally larger than a boat.
   2. (chiefly in combination) A vessel which travels through any medium other than across land, such as an airship or spaceship.
   3. (slang, fandom slang) A fictional romantic relationship between two characters, either real or themselves fictional, especially one explored in fan fiction.

Derived terms

• kapal api
• kapal barang
• kapal feri
• kapal haji
• kapal kargo
• kapal laut
• kapal motor
• kapal pemburu
• kapal penyeberangan
• kapal penyusur
• kapal perintis
• kapal perusak
• kapal pesiar
• kapal pukat
• kapal selam
• kapal tangki
• kapal tanker
• kapal terbang
• kapal udara

 

Etymology 2

From Malay kapal (“thickening skin”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kapal (“thick, as a plank”). Compare to Tagalog kapal (“thick”).

Noun

kapal (first-person possessive kapalku, second-person possessive kapalmu, third-person possessive kapalnya)

1. thickening skin; lichenification

Derived terms

• kapalan

 

Further reading

• “kapal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
• kapal on the Indonesian Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^id

Javanese

Romanization

kapal

1. Romanization of ꦏꦥꦭ꧀

Mag-Anchi Ayta

Etymology

Borrowed from Tagalog kapal.

Adjective

kapal

1. thick

References

• Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.

Maguindanao

Etymology

Borrowed from Malay kapal.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Maguindanaon) IPA^(key): /ˈkapal/ [ˈka.pʌɭ]
• Rhymes: -apal
• Syllabification: ka‧pal

Noun

kapal

1. ship

Malay

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ka.pal]
• Rhymes: -pal, -al
• Hyphenation: ka‧pal

Etymology 1

From Tamil கப்பல் (kappal, “ship, sailing vessel”).

Noun

kapal (Jawi spelling کاڤل, plural kapal-kapal, informal 1st possessive kapalku, 2nd possessive kapalmu, 3rd possessive kapalnya)

1. A large water vessel; a ship.

   Kapal satu, nakhoda dua ― saying about two lovers fighting in rivalry over a girl (lit. 'a ship with two captains')

   1. (chiefly in combination) Any vessel travelling through any medium other than across land, such as an airship or spaceship.

Affixations

• berkapal
• berkapal-kapal
• kapalkan
• pengapalan
• perkapalan

 

Compounds

• kapal angkasa
• kapal api / kapal asap
• kapal barang
• kapal belangkas
• kapal calu
• kapal dagang / kapal niaga
• kapal feri
• kapal haji
• kapal induk
• kapal kargo
• kapal keruk
• kapal kontena
• kapal korek
• kapal laut
• kapal layar
• kapal motor
• kapal pandu
• kapal pemair
• kapal pembinasa
• kapal pemburu
• kapal pemecah ais
• kapal pendarat
• kapal penempur
• kapal pengangkut
• kapal pengantar / kapal pengiring / kapal pengawal
• kapal penjelajah
• kapal penumpang
• kapal penyapu periup api
• kapal penyeberangan
• kapal penyusur
• kapal perang
• kapal perintis
• kapal peronda
• kapal perosak
• kapal pesiar
• kapal pesiaran
• kapal pukat
• kapal roda lambung
• kapal selam
• kapal stim / kapal wap
• kapal tangki
• kapal terbang
• kapal torpedo
• kapal udara

 

Descendants

• Ambonese Malay: kapal
• Indonesian: kapal
  • → Balinese: ᬓᬧᬮ᭄ (kapal)
• → Alor: kapal
• → Balinese: ᬓᬧᬮ᭄ (kapal)
• → Buginese: ᨀᨄᨒ (kappala')
• → Chinese: 甲板 (jiǎbǎn)
• → English: kappal, capel, kapal
• → Javanese: ꦏꦥꦭ꧀ (kapal)
• → Khmer: កប៉ាល់ (kaʼpal)
• → Maguindanao: kapal
• → Maranao: kapal
• → Sundanese: ᮊᮕᮜ᮪ (kapal)
• → Tboli: kafal
• → Tausug: kappal
• → Thai: กำปั่น (gam-bpàn)
  • → Lao: ກຳປັ່ນ (kam pan)
  • → Khmer: កងព័ន្ធ (kɑɑngpŏənthɔɔ) (possibly)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kapal (“thick, as a plank”). Compare to Tagalog kapal (“thick”).

Noun

kapal (plural kapal-kapal, informal 1st possessive kapalku, 2nd possessive kapalmu, 3rd possessive kapalnya)

1. Thickening skin; lichenification.

Affixations

• kapalan

 

References

• Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “کڤل kapal”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 84
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “کڤل kapal”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, pages 522-3
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “kapal”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 508

Further reading

• “kapal” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Maranao

Etymology

Borrowed from Malay kapal

Noun

kapal

1. ship

   Synonyms: bapor, barko, mospil

2. boat

   Synonym: biday

3. vessel

References

• A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya

Tagalog

Alternative forms

• capal — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

Etymology 1

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kapal or Proto-Austronesian *kaS(ə)pal. Compare Indonesian kapal (“thickening skin”) and Malay kapal (“thickening skin”).

Noun

kapál (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜎ᜔)

1. thickness
2. multitude; numerousness

   Synonyms: dami, tambak, sagana, damulas, katerba

3. (colloquial, derogatory) Ellipsis of kapal ng mukha.

   Ang kapal talaga ng hayop na yun!

   The shamelessness of that animal!

Derived terms

• kakapalan
• kapal ng mukha
• kapalan
• kumapal
• magpakapal
• makapal
• pagkapal
• pakapalin
• pampakapal

 

Etymology 2

Unknown. Possibly related to etymology 1 or an apocope from Malay kepala (“head, source (metaphorical)”), from Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “head”).

Noun

kapál (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜎ᜔)

1. figure; creation

   Synonyms: likha, lalang, gawa

2. cake out of bread; tart

   Synonym: keyk

   kapal na tinapay ― cake of bread

3. lump made of wax

   kapal na pagkit ― lump of wax

Derived terms

• ikapal
• ipakapal
• kapalin
• kumapal
• Maykapal

 

Further reading

• “kapal” at KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino‎^[1], Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2021
• “kapal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
• Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves‎^[2] (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*kapal”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*kaS(e)pal”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Anagrams

• kalap, pakla, plaka