Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃nṓgʰs
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Alternative reconstructions
[edit]- *h₃nógʷʰ-s (gen.sg. *h₃n̥gʷʰ-és)[1]
Noun
[edit]*h₃nṓgʰs m[2]
- nail (of the finger or toe)
Inflection
[edit]| Athematic, amphikinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *h₃nṓgʰs | ||
| genitive | *h₃negʰés | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *h₃nṓgʰs | *h₃nógʰh₁(e) | *h₃nógʰes |
| vocative | *h₃nógʰ | *h₃nógʰh₁(e) | *h₃nógʰes |
| accusative | *h₃nógʰm̥ | *h₃nógʰh₁(e) | *h₃nógʰm̥s |
| genitive | *h₃negʰés | *? | *h₃negʰóHom |
| ablative | *h₃negʰés | *? | *h₃negʰmós, *h₃negʰbʰós |
| dative | *h₃negʰéy | *? | *h₃negʰmós, *h₃negʰbʰós |
| locative | *h₃négʰ, *h₃négʰi | *? | *h₃negʰsú |
| instrumental | *h₃negʰéh₁ | *? | *h₃negʰmís, *h₃negʰbʰís |
Derived terms
[edit]- *h₃nogʰ-éh₂
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nagā́ˀ (see there for further descendants)
- *h₃nógʰ-u-s ~ *h₃n̥gʰ-éw-s[3][4]
- Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒊭𒀭𒆪𒉿𒄿 (ša-an-ku-wa-i)
- Luwian: [script needed] (ta-am-mu-ga /tammūga/)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nagutis[5]
- Proto-Celtic: *angʷīnā (< later *h₃n̥gʰ-ú-s[4]) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: ὄνυξ (ónux)
- Proto-Italic: *ungus (or < later *h₃n̥gʰ-ú-s)[4]
- Latin: unguis (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian: *mekwā
- Proto-Anatolian:
- *h₃nógʰ-l̥ ~ *h₃négʰ-n̥s[6]
Descendants
[edit]- Armenian: *unug- (< accusative *h₃nógʰ-m̥)[7]
- Old Armenian: եղունգն (ełungn) (+ *-n (body part suffix))
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nágas
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hnā́kš (see there for further descendants)
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*nagl-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 381
- ^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὄνυξ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1086-1087
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “unguis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 641
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “naga”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 355
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2012) “Avestisch nāf° und nabā.-: Flexion und Wortbildung”, in Schindlers Listen: Ein Vierteljahrhundert Jochem-Schindler-Lehre[2], volume 13, Wien
- ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 254-255