tan

See also: Appendix:Variations of "tan"

Languages (37)

Translingual • English

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Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

tan

1. (trigonometry) The trigonometric function tangent.

Usage notes

The symbol tan is prescribed by the ISO 80000-2:2019 standard. The symbol tg, traditionally preferred in Eastern Europe and Russia, is explicitly deprecated by ISO 80000-2:2019.

Alternative forms

• tg

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tæn/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æn

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French tan (“tanbark”), from Gaulish *tannos (“green oak”) – compare Breton tann (“red oak”), Old Cornish tannen –, from Proto-Celtic *tannos (“green oak”), of uncertain origin, but perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)dʰonu (“fir”). Per this hypothesis, related to Hittite [script needed] (tanau, “fir”), Latin femur, genitive feminis (“thigh”), German Tann (“woods”), Tanne (“fir”), Albanian thanë (“cranberry bush”), Ancient Greek θάμνος (thámnos, “thicket”), Avestan 𐬚𐬀𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆 (θanuuar^ə), Sanskrit धनु (dhánu).

Noun

tan (plural tans)

1. A light, brown-like colour.

   tan:  

2. A darkening of the skin resulting from exposure to sunlight or similar light sources.

   She still has a tan from her vacation in Mexico.

   I'm hoping to get a tan this weekend at the beach.

3. The bark of an oak or other tree from which tannic acid is obtained.
   • 1848, John Hannett, Bibliopegia, or, The Art of Bookbinding in all its branches, page 65:

     In two pints of water boil one ounce of tan, and a like portion of nutgall till reduced to a pint.

Derived terms

• catch a tan
• farmer's tan
• flowers of tan
• gyle tan
• permatan
• spray tan
• suntan
• tan balls
• tanbark
• tan bed
• tan heat
• tan line
• tan liquor
• tannist
• tan ride
• tan track
• truck driver's tan

Translations

colour

• Bulgarian: жълтокафяв (žǎltokafjav)
• Catalan: bronze (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 棕黄色 (zōnghuángsè), 棕褐色 (zōnghèsè)

• Dutch: gebruinde kleur f
• Finnish: kellanruskea (fi)
• Galician: torrado m
• Hungarian: sárgásbarna (hu)
• Indonesian: sawo matang (id)
• Irish: crón m
• Korean: 갈색(褐色) (ko) (galsaek)
• Latvian: dzeltenbrūna krāsa f
• Lithuanian: gelsvai ruda
• Navajo: dinilgai
• Portuguese: pardo (pt) m
• Russian: бе́жевый (цве́т) (ru) m (béževyj (cvét))
• Sicilian: bronzu m
• Spanish: bronce (es) m, tostado (es)
• Vietnamese: nâu tanin
• Welsh: melynddu m

darkening of the skin

• Armenian: արեւայրուք (hy) (arewayrukʻ)
• Bulgarian: загар (bg) m (zagar), тен (bg) m (ten)
• Catalan: bronzat (ca) m, colrament m, embruniment m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 曬成褐色／晒成褐色 (shàichénghèsè), 曬黑／晒黑 (zh) (shàihēi)

• Czech: opálení n
• Danish: solbrændt
• Dutch: bruinen (nl), bronzen (nl)
• Finnish: rusketus (fi)
• French: bronzage (fr) m, hâle (fr) m
• Galician: bronceado m, bronceada f
• German: Bräune (de) f, Sonnenbräune (de) f
• Hungarian: lebarnulás (hu), lesülés (hu), napbarnítottság
• Italian: abbronzatura (it) f
• Japanese: 日に焼ける (ひにやける, hiniyakeru)
• Latvian: iedegums m
• Lithuanian: įdegti
• Polish: opalenizna (pl) f
• Portuguese: bronzeado (pt) m
• Romagnol: abrunẓadùra f
• Romanian: bronz (ro) n, bronzare (ro) f
• Russian: зага́р (ru) m (zagár)
• Serbo-Croatian: put (sh) f
• Sicilian: abbrunzatura f
• Slovak: opálenie
• Spanish: bronceado (es) m, tostado (es), moreno (es)
• Swedish: solbränna (sv) c, bränna (sv) c (colloquial)
• Ukrainian: засма́га f (zasmáha), сма́га f (smáha), смага́ f (smahá), зага́р m (zahár)
• Welsh: lliw haul (cy) m

bark of tree

• Bulgarian: танин m (tanin)
• Catalan: escorça (ca) f
• Finnish: parkki (fi)
• French: tan (fr) m
• Hungarian: cser (hu)
• Ido: tano (io)
• Italian: corteccia (it) f
• Latvian: miecmizas f pl
• Sicilian: scorcia (scn) m
• Spanish: corteza de roble; corteza tánica
• Welsh: rhisgl mâl m, barc m

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• German: ^{(please verify)} Bräune (de) f
• Romanian: ^{(please verify)} bronz (ro) n

Adjective

tan (comparative tanner, superlative tannest)

1. Yellowish-brown.

   Mine is the white car parked next to the tan pickup truck.

2. Having dark skin as a result of exposure to the sun or an artificial process intended to mimic this effect.

   Synonyms: suntanned, tanned

   You’re looking very tan this week.

Derived terms

• black and tan

 

Translations

colour

• Arabic: حِنْطِيّ (ḥinṭiyy), قَمْحِيُّ اللَّوْن (qamḥiyyu l-lawn)
• Bulgarian: жълтокафяв m (žǎltokafjav)
• Catalan: bronze (ca) m, colrat m, torrat (ca) m
• German: hellbraun (de), loh (de), lohfarben (de)
• Hungarian: sárgásbarna (hu)
• Indonesian: sawo matang (id)
• Irish: crón, buí (ga)
• Latvian: dzeltenbrūns
• Persian: خرمائی روشن (xormâ'i-ye rušan)
• Romanian: cafeniu (ro)
• Spanish: bronce (es) m, tostado (es)
• Turkish: bronz (tr), taba rengi
• Welsh: melynddu

dark skin

• Bulgarian: загорял (bg) (zagorjal)
• Catalan: bru (ca) m, bronzat (ca) m, colrat m
• Dutch: gebruind (nl), gebruinde (nl)
• Finnish: ruskettunut (fi)
• French: hâlé (fr), bronzé (fr)
• German: braun (de), sonnengebräunt (de)
• Hungarian: barna (hu), lebarnult, bronzszínű (hu)
• Indonesian: sawo matang (id)
• Italian: abbronzato (it) m
• Korean: 탄 (ko) (tan)
• Persian: برنزه (fa) (bronze)
• Polish: opalony (pl) m
• Portuguese: bronzeado (pt)
• Romanian: bronzat (ro)
• Russian: загоре́лый (ru) m (zagorélyj)
• Slovak: opálený
• Spanish: bronceado (por el sol) (es), tostado (es), moreno (es), trigueño (es)
• Swedish: solbränd (sv)
• Welsh: brown (cy)

Etymology 2

As a verb, from Middle English tannen, from late Old English tannian (“to tan a hide”), from Latin tannare.

Verb

tan (third-person singular simple present tans, present participle tanning, simple past and past participle tanned)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To change to a tan colour due to exposure to the sun.

   No matter how long I stay out in the sun, I never tan, though I do burn.

2. (transitive, stative) To change an animal hide into leather by soaking it in tannic acid. To work as a tanner.
3. (transitive, informal) To spank or beat.
   • 1876, Mark Twain, chapter 3, in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer:

     "Well, go 'long and play; but mind you get back some time in a week, or I'll tan you."

Derived terms

• Black and Tan
• spray-tan
• tanbark
• tanner
• tannery
• tanoak
• tan out
• tan someone's hide
• tan up

 

Related terms

• tannic acid
• tannin
• tawny

 

Translations

to become tan due to exposure to sun

• Bulgarian: загарям (bg) (zagarjam)
• Catalan: bronzar (ca), embrunir (ca), colrar (ca), torrar (ca)
• Czech: zhnědnout, opálit se
• Danish: blive brun (da)
• Dutch: bruinen (nl)
• Esperanto: bruniĝi, sunbruniĝi
• Finnish: ruskettua (fi)
• French: bronzer (fr)
• Galician: broncear (gl)
• German: bräunen; in der Sonne baden
• Greek: μαυρίζω (el) (mavrízo)
• Hungarian: lebarnul (hu), lesül (hu)
• Ido: bruneskar (io), bronzizar (io)
• Italian: abbronzarsi (it)
• Japanese: 日焼けする (hiyake-suru), 日に焼ける (hiniyakeru)
• Korean: 타다 (ko) (tada), 그을다 (geueulda)
• Latvian: iedegt
• Norwegian: sole (no), brune
• Polish: opalać się (pl) impf, opalić się (pl) pf
• Portuguese: bronzear (pt)
• Romanian: se bronza
• Russian: загора́ть (ru) impf (zagorátʹ), загоре́ть (ru) pf (zagorétʹ)
• Slovak: opáliť sa, opaľovať sa
• Spanish: broncearse (es)
• Swedish: sola (sv)
• Turkish: yanmak (tr), bronzlaşmak (tr)
• Walloon: håler (wa), rayi (wa), bruni (wa), bronzer (wa)
• Welsh: cael lliw haul, troi'n frown

to turn animal hide into leather

• Arabic: دَبَغَ (dabaḡa)
• Basque: larru jo
• Bulgarian: щавя (štavja)
• Catalan: assaonar (ca), adobar (ca)
• Czech: činit (cs), vyčinit, vydělávat (cs), vydělat (cs)
• Danish: garve (da)
• Dutch: looien (nl), leerlooien (nl), tanen (nl)
• Esperanto: tani (eo)
• Finnish: parkita (fi)
• French: tanner (fr)
• Galician: curtir
• German: gerben (de), walken (de)
• Greek: αργάζω (el) (argázo)
• Hungarian: cserez (hu)
• Icelandic: súta, garfa
• Ido: tanagar (io)
• Irish: cart
• Italian: conciare (it)
• Korean: 무두질하다 (mudujilhada)
• Latvian: miecēt
• Luxembourgish: gierwen
• Malay: samak (ms)
• Maori: whakarongoā
• Persian: دباغی (fa) (dabbâği)
• Polish: garbować (pl)
• Portuguese: curtir (pt)
• Romanian: tăbăci (ro), argăsi (ro)
• Russian: дуби́ть (ru) impf (dubítʹ), вы́дубить (ru) pf (výdubitʹ)
• Slovene: strojiti impf
• Spanish: curtir (es)
• Swedish: garva (sv)
• Turkish: tabaklamak (tr), sepilemek (tr)
• Ukrainian: дуби́ти pf (dubýty)
• Walloon: taener (wa)
• Welsh: trin (cy), barcio, cyffeithio (cy)
• Yiddish: גאַרבן (garbn)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Dutch: ^{(please verify)} zonnebaden (nl)

See also

• Appendix:Colors

Etymology 3

From a Brythonic language; influenced in form by yan (“one”) in the same series.

Numeral

tan

1. (dialect, rare) The second cardinal number two, formerly used in Celtic areas, especially Cumbria and parts of Yorkshire, for counting sheep, and stitches in knitting.

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Armenian թան (tʻan).

Noun

tan

2. An Armenian drink made of yoghurt and water similar to airan and doogh

Translations

Armenian drink

• Armenian: թան (hy) (tʻan)
• Cappadocian Greek: τάνι (táni)
• Laz: თანი (tani)
• Russian: тан (ru) (tan)
• Ukrainian: тан (tan)

Etymology 5

Borrowed from Cantonese 擔／担 (daam3).

Noun

tan (usually uncountable, plural tans)

1. Synonym of picul, particularly in Cantonese contexts.

Etymology 6

From Middle English *tan, from Old English tān (“twig, shoot, switch”), from Proto-West Germanic *tain, from Proto-Germanic *tainaz (“rod, twig, straw, lot”).

Noun

tan (plural tans)

2. (dialectal) A twig or small switch.

Related terms

• mistletoe

Etymology 7

It may either be a figurative use of the usual verb tan (“to cause to acquire a brownish colour”) or a Jamaican Creole pronunciation of turn, compare bun (“to kill particularly by gunshot”).

Verb

tan (third-person singular simple present tans, present participle tanning, simple past and past participle tanned)

1. (transitive, MLE, slang) To kill by gun, to shoot.
   • 2019 September 29, Moscow17 (lyrics and music), “All For The Cause”‎^[1]:

     Step on the wing, see an opp and I'll whack it
     Do it like Super Savage
     Who's the yute I Jet-Li-rise that dots and tan him (whoosh)
     Rise that dots and tan him

See also

• on the ran tan
• sar tan se juda

 

Anagrams

• TNA, a'n't, ant, Ant., Ant, an't, NTA, Nat, ant., NAT, ATN, nat, ANT, -ant, ant-, Nat.

Ainu

Alternative forms

• taan

Etymology

From ta (“this”) +‎ an (“is”), literally “this being”.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tan]

Determiner

tan (Kana spelling タン, plural tanokay)

1. (demonstrative) this

Derived terms

• tanpe (“this”)
• tanto (“today”)

See also

Ainu demonstrative adjectives

Ainu demonstrative adjectives

pronoun	number
	singular	plural
this	tan, taan	tanokay, taokay, taoka (Saru)
that	neyan, neya, nea (Saru)	neyokay, nerok
that (distal)	toan	tonokay, tookay, tooka (Saru)

Notes

Breton

Etymology

From Middle Breton tan, from Old Breton tan, from Proto-Brythonic *tan, from Proto-Celtic *teɸnets (“fire”) (compare Old Irish teine, Welsh tân).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtãːn/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

tan m (plural tanioù)

1. fire

Inflection

  Mutation of tan  

Breton consonant mutation
	unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard
singular	tan	dan	zan	unchanged
plural	tanioù	danioù	zanioù	unchanged

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈtan]
• Rhymes: -an

Adverb

tan

1. so, such
2. (in comparisons, tan ... com) as ... as

Derived terms

• tan bon punt

Related terms

• tant (“so much, so many”)

Further reading

• “tan” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Chuukese

Noun

tan

1. dream

Cornish

Etymology

From Middle Cornish tan, from Old Cornish tan, from Proto-Brythonic *tan, from Proto-Celtic *teɸnets (“fire”) (compare Old Irish teine, Welsh tân).

Noun

tan m (plural tanow)

1. fire

Mutation

  Mutation of tan  

Cornish consonant mutation
unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed	mixed after 'th
tan	dan	than	unchanged	unchanged	unchanged

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɑ̃/

• Audio (Paris):

  (file)

• Homophones: tans, tant, taon, temps

Etymology 1

From Latin tannum (“oak bark”), from Gaulish *tannos (“oak”), from Proto-Celtic *tannos (“green oak”).

Noun

tan m (plural tans)

1. pulped oak bark used in the tanning process (i.e. of tanning leather)

Derived terms

• tanin

Further reading

• “tan”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Etymology 2

Blend of ton +‎ ta.

Determiner

tan n (singular, plural tes)

1. (gender-neutral, neologism) your

Related terms

French possessive determiners

			Possessee
			singular		plural
			m	f
Possessor	singular	1st	mon1	ma	mes
		2nd	ton1	ta	tes
		3rd	son1	sa	ses
	plural	1st	notre		nos
		2nd	votre2		vos2
		3rd	leur		leurs

¹ Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.

² Also used as the polite singular form.

For the singular persons there are gender-neutral neologisms man, tan, san. These are extremely rare.

See also

• iel
• man
• san

Fula

Alternative forms

• tun (Pular)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective

tan

1. only

Usage notes

• Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular). (however tun is more common in Pular of Futa Jalon)

Adverb

tan

1. only

Usage notes

• Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular). (however tun is more common in Pular of Futa Jalon)

References

• M.O. Diodi, Dictionnaire bilingue fulfuldé-français, français-fulfuldé, Niger(?), 1994.
• M. Niang, Pulaar-English English-Pulaar Standard Dictionary, New York: Hippocrene Books, 1997.
• D. Osborn, D. Dwyer, and J. Donohoe, A Fulfulde (Maasina)-English-French Lexicon: A Root-Based Compilation Drawn from Extant Sources Followed by English-Fulfulde and French-Fulfulde Listings, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1993.
• F.W. de St. Croix and the Centre for the Study of Nigerian Languages, Bayero University, Fulfulde-English Dictionary, Kano: The Centre, 1998.
• F.W. Taylor, Fulani-English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 1932. (New York:Hippocrene Books, 2005)

Galician

Etymology

Inherited from Latin tam.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtaŋ/ [ˈt̪ɑŋ]
• Rhymes: -aŋ

Adverb

tan

1. so, as (in comparisons)

Usage notes

• Usually paired with como and coma, as tan […] como/coma

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French temps (“time, weather”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tã/

Noun

tan

1. time
2. weather

Hungarian

Etymology

Back-formation from tanít, tanul, etc. Created during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtɒn]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: tan
• Rhymes: -ɒn

Noun

tan (plural tanok)

1. doctrine, lore
2. science of, theory, branch of instruction
3. (as a suffix in compounds) -logy, -ology, -graphy (a branch of learning; a study of a particular subject)

   Synonym: tudomány

4. (as a prefix in compounds) educational, academic

   Synonym: tanulmányi

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	tan	tanok
accusative	tant	tanokat
dative	tannak	tanoknak
instrumental	tannal	tanokkal
causal-final	tanért	tanokért
translative	tanná	tanokká
terminative	tanig	tanokig
essive-formal	tanként	tanokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	tanban	tanokban
superessive	tanon	tanokon
adessive	tannál	tanoknál
illative	tanba	tanokba
sublative	tanra	tanokra
allative	tanhoz	tanokhoz
elative	tanból	tanokból
delative	tanról	tanokról
ablative	tantól	tanoktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	tané	tanoké
non-attributive possessive - plural	tanéi	tanokéi

Possessive forms of tan
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	tanom	tanaim
2nd person sing.	tanod	tanaid
3rd person sing.	tana	tanai
1st person plural	tanunk	tanaink
2nd person plural	tanotok	tanaitok
3rd person plural	tanuk	tanaik

Derived terms

• tanár

 

Compound words with this term at the beginning

• tananyag
• tanbetyár
• tancsapat
• tandíj
• tanerő
• taneszköz → taneszköz-ellátottság
• tanév
• tanfelügyelő → tanfelügyelőség, tanfelügyelet
• tanférfiú
• tanfolyam
• tangazdaság
• tanintézmény
• tankerület
• tanköltemény
• tankönyv
• tanköteles
• tanmenet
• tanmese
• tanműhely
• tanosztály
• tanóra
• tanrend
• tanrepülés
• tanszabadság
• tanszemélyzet
• tanszer
• tanszék
• tantárgy
• tanterem
• tanterv
• tantestület
• tantétel
• tanuszoda

 

Compound words with this term at the end

• alaktan
• alkotmánytan
• aránytan
• államtan
• állatorvostan
• állattan
• áramlástan
• ásványtan
• barlangtan
• belvíztan
• beszédhangtan
• bonctan
• bölcsészettan
• címertan
• csonttan
• egészségtan
• elektromosságtan
• ellenponttan
• embertan
• erkölcstan
• erőműtan
• esettan
• éghajlattan
• élettan
• éremtan
• fejlődéstan
• fénytan
• földrengéstan
• földtan
• függvénytan
• gazdaságtan
• géptan
• gombatan
• gyógyszertan, gyógyszerhatástan
• gyógytan
• hangtan
• háromszögtan
• háztartástan
• hittan
• hőtan
• hullámtan
• ideatan
• idegkórtan
• időjárástan
• illemtan
• járványtan
• jelentéstan
• kategóriatan
• kommunikációtan
• kórtan, kóroktan
• költészettan
• környezettan
• közegészségtan
• közgazdaságtan
• közigazgatástan
• kőzettan
• kristálytan
• leszármazástan
• légkörtan
• lélektan
• madártan
• mágnességtan
• mennyiségtan
• méregtan
• mértan
• mondattan
• mozgástan
• módszertan
• művelettan
• neurontan
• neveléstan
• nevezéktan
• névtan
• növénytan
• nyelvjárástan
• nyelvtan
• oklevéltan
• orvostan
• örökléstan
• összhangzattan
• őslénytan
• rendszertan
• régiségtan
• rovartan
• rugalmasságtan
• sejttan
• számtan
• származástan
• széptan
• szintagmatan
• szóalaktan
• szófajtan
• szókincstan
• szónoklattan
• szótan
• szótártan
• szövegtan
• szövettan
• talajtan
• táplálkozástan
• teremtéstan
• tereptan
• természettan
• testtan
• tévtan
• típustan
• tőtan
• tünettan
• üdvtan
• üzemtan
• űrtan
• vallástan
• vegytan
• verstan
• világgazdaságtan
• villamosságtan
• vízműtan
• víztan
• zeneszerzéstan
• zsigertan

 

Further reading

• tan in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Iban

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *tahən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqan (“to hold back”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tan/

Adjective

tan

1. resistant (not easily damaged)
2. perseverant
3. undamaged
4. invincible
5. detained

Verb

tan

1. to arrest; to detain
2. to hold on someone
3. to stop something/someone

Derived terms

• betan
• ditanka
• nan
• nanka
• ngenan
• ngenanka
• ngetan
• ngetanka
• penan

 

Japanese

Romanization

tan

1. Rōmaji transcription of たん

Entry: tan

Javanese

Romanization

tan

1. Romanization of ꦠꦤ꧀

Jingpho

Etymology

Borrowed from Burmese တန်း (tan:).

Noun

tan

1. class

References

• Kurabe, Keita (2016 December 31) “Phonology of Burmese loanwords in Jinghpaw”, in Kyoto University Linguistic Research‎^[2], volume 35, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 91–128

Mandarin

Romanization

tan

1. Nonstandard spelling of tān.
2. Nonstandard spelling of tán.
3. Nonstandard spelling of tǎn.
4. Nonstandard spelling of tàn.

Usage notes

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish tan, from Proto-Celtic *tanā (“(point in) time”), from Proto-Indo-European *tn̥néh₂, from *ten- (“to stretch”).

Noun

tan f

1. (point in) time

Derived terms

• in tan (“when”)
• in tan sin (“then”)

Descendants

• Irish: tan

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tan, tain”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *tain.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɑːn/

Noun

tān m

1. twig, branch

Declension

Declension of tān (strong a-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	tān	tānas
accusative	tān	tānas
genitive	tānes	tāna
dative	tāne	tānum

Derived terms

• tānhlyta, tānhlytere (“diviner”, literally “twig-lot-caster”)
• misteltān (“mistletoe”)
• wuldortān (“glory-twig”)

Old French

Etymology

From Gaulish *tannos (attested in the place names Tannetum and Tannogilum), from Proto-Celtic *tannos (“green oak”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtãn/

Noun

tan oblique singular, m (oblique plural tans, nominative singular tans, nominative plural tan)

1. pulped oak bark used in the tanning process (i.e. of tanning leather)

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *tanā (“(point in) time”), from Proto-Indo-European *tn̥néh₂, from *ten- (“to stretch”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tan/

Noun

tan f

1. (point in) time

Declension

Feminine ā-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	tanL	tainL	tanaH
Vocative	tanL	tainL	tanaH
Accusative	tainN	tainL	tanaH
Genitive	taineH	tanL	tanN
Dative	tainL	tanaib	tanaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

• in tan (“when”)

Descendants

• Middle Irish: tan
  • Irish: tan

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tan, tain”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Javanese

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tan/
• Hyphenation: tan

Adverb

tan

1. not

Adjective

tan

1. not

Alternative forms

• tad
• tag
• tak
• tar
• tat

 

Derived terms

• takam

 

Descendants

• > Javanese: ꦠꦤ꧀ (tan) (inherited)

Further reading

• "tan" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Old Occitan

Alternative forms

• tant

Etymology

From Latin tantus.

Adverb

tan

1. such; so much; to such and extent

Adjective

tan

1. such; so much

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “tantus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 13: T–Ti, page 85

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse tǫnn, from Proto-Germanic *tanþs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tan/

Noun

tan f

1. tooth

Declension

Declension of tan (consonant stem)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	tan	tannin	tænder	tændrina(r), -rena(r)
accusative	tan	tannina, -ena	tænder	tændrina(r), -rena(r)
dative	tan, tanne	tanninni, -inne	tannum, -om	tannumin, -omen
genitive	tanna(r)	inna(r)	tanna	tannanna

Descendants

• Swedish: tand

Pipil

Etymology

Compare Classical Nahuatl tlantli (“tooth, teeth”).

Noun

-tan (plural -tajtan)

1. tooth
2. (in the plural) dentition

Further reading

• Campbell, L. (1985). The Pipil Language of El Salvador. Mouton De Gruyter.
• Lara-Martínez, R., McCallister, R. Glosario cultural náwat pipil y nicarao.

Polish

Etymology

Back-formation from taniec.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtan/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -an
• Syllabification: tan

Noun

tan m inan

1. (archaic, humorous, usually in the plural) dance

   Synonym: taniec

Declension

Declension of tan

	singular	plural
nominative	tan	tany
genitive	tanu	tanów
dative	tanowi	tanom
accusative	tan	tany
instrumental	tanem	tanami
locative	tanie	tanach
vocative	tanie	tany

Derived terms

verbs

• iść w tany impf
• pójść w tany pf

 

Related terms

adjectives

• tancerski
• taneczny

 

nouns

• tancbuda
• tancerz

 

verbs

• tańcować impf
• tańczyć impf

 

Further reading

• tan in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• tan in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Somali

Determiner

tan

1. this (feminine)

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Latin tam.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtan/ [ˈt̪ãn]
• Rhymes: -an
• Syllabification: tan

Adverb

tan

1. so, as

   Eres tan rico como te sientes.

   You are as rich as you feel.

2. very

   Lo único en lo que puedo pensar es en tu cara tan triste.

   All I can think about is your very sad face.

Usage notes

Usually paired with como: tan […] como (“as […] as”) or with que: tan […] que (“so […] that”).

Determiner

tan

1. such, such a

   ¡Ese tipo es tan patán!

   That guy is such a jerk!

Derived terms

• si tan siquiera
• tan pronto

 

Further reading

• “tan”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), 23rd edition, Royal Spanish Academy, 2014 October 16

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

From English stand.

Verb

tan

1. to stay, to reside
2. to stay, to remain in a state

Swedish

Verb

tan

1. (archaic or dialectal) second-person plural imperative of ta

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish طاڭ (taŋ), from Common Turkic *taŋ.

Noun

tan (definite accusative tanı, plural tanlar)

1. dawn, twilight

   O gece tan yeri ağırana kadar selâmettir. ― On that night, there is peace till twilight.

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	tan
Definite accusative	tanı
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	tan	tanlar
Definite accusative	tanı	tanları
Dative	tana	tanlara
Locative	tanda	tanlarda
Ablative	tandan	tanlardan
Genitive	tanın	tanların
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular tanım tanlarım 2nd singular tanın tanların 3rd singular tanı tanları 1st plural tanımız tanlarımız 2nd plural tanınız tanlarınız 3rd plural tanları tanları Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular tanımı tanlarımı 2nd singular tanını tanlarını 3rd singular tanını tanlarını 1st plural tanımızı tanlarımızı 2nd plural tanınızı tanlarınızı 3rd plural tanlarını tanlarını Dative Singular Plural 1st singular tanıma tanlarıma 2nd singular tanına tanlarına 3rd singular tanına tanlarına 1st plural tanımıza tanlarımıza 2nd plural tanınıza tanlarınıza 3rd plural tanlarına tanlarına Locative Singular Plural 1st singular tanımda tanlarımda 2nd singular tanında tanlarında 3rd singular tanında tanlarında 1st plural tanımızda tanlarımızda 2nd plural tanınızda tanlarınızda 3rd plural tanlarında tanlarında Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular tanımdan tanlarımdan 2nd singular tanından tanlarından 3rd singular tanından tanlarından 1st plural tanımızdan tanlarımızdan 2nd plural tanınızdan tanlarınızdan 3rd plural tanlarından tanlarından Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular tanımın tanlarımın 2nd singular tanının tanlarının 3rd singular tanının tanlarının 1st plural tanımızın tanlarımızın 2nd plural tanınızın tanlarınızın 3rd plural tanlarının tanlarının

Synonyms

• seher
• şafak

Vietnamese

Etymology

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 散 (SV: tán, tản).

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [taːn˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [taːŋ˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [taːŋ˧˧]

Verb

tan • (散, 㪚, 潵, 珊)

1. to melt
2. (in a liquid) to dissolve, dissipate
3. (in certain expressions) to finish; to dismiss

   Chợ tan họp rồi.

   The market is closed.

Derived terms

• tan biến
• tan chảy
• tan hoang
• tan nát
• tan tác
• tan tành
• tan trường
• tan vỡ
• tiêu tan
• vỡ tan

 

References

• Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)

Welsh

Alternative forms

• (under): dan, o dan

Etymology

From Middle Welsh tan, from Proto-Brythonic *tan, from Proto-Celtic *tanai, dative of *tanā, from Proto-Indo-European *tn̥néh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tan/
• Rhymes: -an

Preposition

tan (triggers soft mutation on a following noun)

1. until
2. (literary) under
3. while

Usage notes

In literary Welsh, tan can mean both "under" and "until". In Welsh usage today, however, dan (originally the soft mutation of tan) has become a preposition in its own right with the meaning "under" whereas tan means "until", retaining the meaning "under" in certain expressions, compound words and place names. Modern dan or tan are not usually mutated. o dan is an alternative to dan.

Inflection

Personal forms (literary)

	Singular	Plural
First person	tanof	tanom
Second person	tanot	tanoch
Third person	tano m tani f	tanynt

See also

• tân

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
tan	dan	nhan	than
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “tan”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Wolof

Noun

tan (definite form tan mi)

1. vulture

Yámana

Noun

tan

1. earth, soil, dust, ground

Yogad

Adverb

tan

1. more; -er

Zay

Etymology

Cognate to Silt'e [script needed] (tan).

Noun

tan

1. smoke (from a fire)

References

• Initial SLLE Survey of the Zway Area by Klaus Wedekind and Charlotte Wedekind