κοντός
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From theo-gradeκοντ‑ of the rootκεντ‑ underlyingκεντέω, -ῶ(kentéō, -ô,“prick”),κέντρον(kéntron,“centre”).[1]
TheHellenisticKoine"short" sense is derived from the ancient "pole" sense, which referred to shorter kinds of spears, poles, hence "(short) pole" > "shortness". Compareκοντοφόρος(kontophóros,“carrying a (short) pole”)in contrast toδορῠφόρος(doruphóros,“carrying a (long) spear”).[2]
Not related toἀκόντιον(akóntion,“javelin”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5thBCEAttic)IPA(key):/kon.tós/
- (1stCEEgyptian)IPA(key):/konˈtos/
- (4thCEKoine)IPA(key):/konˈtos/
- (10thCEByzantine)IPA(key):/konˈtos/
- (15thCEConstantinopolitan)IPA(key):/konˈdos/
Adjective
[edit]κοντός•(kontós)m(feminineκοντή,neuterκοντόν);first/second declension(Koine)
Inflection
[edit]Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | κοντός kontós |
κοντή kontḗ |
κοντόν kontón |
κοντώ kontṓ |
κοντᾱ́ kontā́ |
κοντώ kontṓ |
κοντοί kontoí |
κονταί kontaí |
κοντᾰ́ kontá | |||||
Genitive | κοντοῦ kontoû |
κοντῆς kontês |
κοντοῦ kontoû |
κοντοῖν kontoîn |
κονταῖν kontaîn |
κοντοῖν kontoîn |
κοντῶν kontôn |
κοντῶν kontôn |
κοντῶν kontôn | |||||
Dative | κοντῷ kontôi |
κοντῇ kontêi |
κοντῷ kontôi |
κοντοῖν kontoîn |
κονταῖν kontaîn |
κοντοῖν kontoîn |
κοντοῖς kontoîs |
κονταῖς kontaîs |
κοντοῖς kontoîs | |||||
Accusative | κοντόν kontón |
κοντήν kontḗn |
κοντόν kontón |
κοντώ kontṓ |
κοντᾱ́ kontā́ |
κοντώ kontṓ |
κοντούς kontoús |
κοντᾱ́ς kontā́s |
κοντᾰ́ kontá | |||||
Vocative | κοντέ konté |
κοντή kontḗ |
κοντόν kontón |
κοντώ kontṓ |
κοντᾱ́ kontā́ |
κοντώ kontṓ |
κοντοί kontoí |
κονταί kontaí |
κοντᾰ́ kontá | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
κοντῶς kontôs |
κοντότερος kontóteros |
κοντότᾰτος kontótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Alternative forms
[edit]- κονδός(kondós)
Descendants
[edit]- Medieval and Modern Greek:κοντός(kontós)(sense: short)
Noun
[edit]κοντός•(kontós)m(genitiveκοντοῦ);second declension
Inflection
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁκοντός ho kontós |
τὼκοντώ tṑ kontṓ |
οἱκοντοί hoi kontoí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦκοντοῦ toû kontoû |
τοῖνκοντοῖν toîn kontoîn |
τῶνκοντῶν tôn kontôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷκοντῷ tôi kontôi |
τοῖνκοντοῖν toîn kontoîn |
τοῖςκοντοῖς toîs kontoîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸνκοντόν tòn kontón |
τὼκοντώ tṑ kontṓ |
τοὺςκοντούς toùs kontoús | ||||||||||
Vocative | κοντέ konté |
κοντώ kontṓ |
κοντοί kontoí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Related terms
[edit]- κοντάριον(kontárion,diminutive)
- κοντᾰριοθήκηf(kontariothḗkē,“spear-case”)
- κονταφόροςm(kontaphóros),κοντοφόροςm(kontophóros,“carrying a (short) pole”)
- κόντῐλος(kóntilos,diminutive)(obscure sense)
- κοντοβολέω, ῶ(kontoboléō, ô,“strike with a pole”)
- κοντοκῠνηγέσιονn(kontokunēgésion,“hunt with pikes”)
- κοντοπαίκτηςm(kontopaíktēs,“acrobat on a pole”)
- κοντοπλεύριονn(kontopleúrion,“short side”)(usually in plural)
- κοντοπορείαf(kontoporeía,“short road”)
- κόντωσιςf(kóntōsis,“fishing with a pole”)
- κοντωτῐ́τηςm(kontōtítēs,“puntsman”)
- κοντωτός(kontōtós,“furnished with a pole”)
Descendants
[edit]- ⇒Ancient Greek:κοντάριον(kontárion,diminutive)
- →Latin:contus
- →Arabic:قُنْطَرِيَّة(qunṭariyya)
See also
[edit]- Also see the different etymological field ofἀκόντιονn(akóntion,“javelin”)
References
[edit]- ^Beekes, Robert S. P.(2010) “κοντός”,inEtymological Dictionary of Greek(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series;10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,page747
- ^κοντός-Babiniotis, Georgios(2010)Ετυμολογικό λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσαςEtymologikó lexikó tis néas ellinikís glóssas[Etymological Dictionary of Modern Greek language] (in Greek), Athens: Lexicology Centre
- ^κοντάριον-Kriaras, Emmanuel(1969-)Επιτομή του Λεξικού της Μεσαιωνικής Ελληνικής Δημώδους Γραμματείας(Epitomí tou Lexikoú tis Mesaionikís Ellinikís Dimódous Grammateías)[Concise Dictionaryof the Kriaras' Dictionary of Medieval Vulgar Greek Literature (1100–1669) Vols. 1–14. Vols 15- under I. Kazazes.)] (in Greek), Thessaloniki: Centre for the Greek languageOnline edition (abbreviations) Printed edition 2022: 22 vols.)
Further reading
[edit]- “κοντός”,inLiddell & Scott (1940)A Greek–English Lexicon,Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κοντός”,inLiddell & Scott (1889)An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon,New York: Harper & Brothers
- “κοντός”,inAutenrieth, Georg (1891)A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges,New York: Harper and Brothers
- κοντόςinBailly, Anatole (1935)Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français,Paris: Hachette
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]- Sensepole:fromAncient Greekκοντός(“pole”)(noun).
- Senseshort:from theHellenisticKoine Greekκοντός(kontós,“short”)(adjective) from the ancient senseAncient Greekκοντός(“pole”)which referred to shorter kinds of poles, hence the senseshortness.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]κοντός•(kontós)m(feminineκοντή,neuterκοντό)
Declension
[edit]Comparativeκοντύτερος(kontýteros)& (andκοντότερος);no absolute superlative
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
nominative | κοντός(kontós) | κοντή(kontí) | κοντό(kontó) | κοντοί(kontoí) | κοντές(kontés) | κοντά(kontá) | |
genitive | κοντού(kontoú) | κοντής(kontís) | κοντού(kontoú) | κοντών(kontón) | κοντών(kontón) | κοντών(kontón) | |
accusative | κοντό(kontó) | κοντή(kontí) | κοντό(kontó) | κοντούς(kontoús) | κοντές(kontés) | κοντά(kontá) | |
vocative | κοντέ(konté) | κοντή(kontí) | κοντό(kontó) | κοντοί(kontoí) | κοντές(kontés) | κοντά(kontá) |
Derivations:
Comparative:πιο+positiveforms (e.g. πιο κοντός, etc.)
Relative superlative:definite article+ πιο +positiveforms (e.g. ο πιο κοντός, etc.)
comparative | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | κοντύτερος(kontýteros) | κοντύτερη(kontýteri) | κοντύτερο(kontýtero) | κοντύτεροι(kontýteroi) | κοντύτερες(kontýteres) | κοντύτερα(kontýtera) |
genitive | κοντύτερου(kontýterou) | κοντύτερης(kontýteris) | κοντύτερου(kontýterou) | κοντύτερων(kontýteron) | κοντύτερων(kontýteron) | κοντύτερων(kontýteron) |
accusative | κοντύτερο(kontýtero) | κοντύτερη(kontýteri) | κοντύτερο(kontýtero) | κοντύτερους(kontýterous) | κοντύτερες(kontýteres) | κοντύτερα(kontýtera) |
vocative | κοντύτερε(kontýtere) | κοντύτερη(kontýteri) | κοντύτερο(kontýtero) | κοντύτεροι(kontýteroi) | κοντύτερες(kontýteres) | κοντύτερα(kontýtera) |
derivations | relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο κοντύτερος", etc) |
Synonyms
[edit]- βραχύς(vrachýs,“short, brief”)
- βραχύσωμος(vrachýsomos,“with short body”)
Derived terms
[edit]- κοντά(kontá,“near”,adverb)
- κονταίνω(kontaíno,“shorten”)
- κοντεύω(kontévo)
- κοντινός(kontinós,“nearby, adjacent, close”)
- κοντο-(konto-,“short-”)compounds
See also
[edit]- απότομος(apótomos,“short conversationally”)
- λιγοστός(ligostós,“short, scarce”)
- μικρός(mikrós,“short in length”)
- σύντομος(sýntomos,“short in time”)
Noun
[edit]κοντός•(kontós)m
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | κοντός(kontós) | κοντοί(kontoí) |
genitive | κοντού(kontoú) | κοντών(kontón) |
accusative | κοντό(kontó) | κοντούς(kontoús) |
vocative | κοντέ(konté) | κοντοί(kontoí) |
Derived terms
[edit]- άλμα επί κοντώn(álma epí kontó,“pole vault”)
References
[edit]- ^κοντός,inΛεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής[Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at theCentre for the Greek language
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
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