Jump to content

Bắc

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Nghiệp,So,Phi,andTriệu
BắcU+5317,北
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5317
←Hóa
[U+5316] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 匘→
[U+5318]
北U+F963,北
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F963
←異
[U+F962] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 磻→
[U+F964]

北U+2F82B,北
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F82B
←匆
[U+2F82A] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 卉→
[U+2F82C]
Wikimedia Commonshasimages andmedia related to:
Bắc

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order (Japan)
0 strokes

Han character

[edit]

Bắc(Kangxi radical21,Chủy+3, 5 strokes,cangjie inputTrung một lòng(LMP),four-corner11110,composition⿲⿱Một㇀丨Chủy(GJKV) or⿰⿱⿰Một丨㇀Chủy(HT))

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary:page 152,character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2574
  • Dae Jaweon: page 342, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 262, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5317

Further reading

[edit]

Chinese

[edit]
trad. Bắc
simp.# Bắc
alternative forms Nghiệp
𧉥
Wikipediahas articles on:

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the characterBắc
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi(compiled inHan) Liushutong(compiled inMing)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the samephonetic series(Bắc)(Zhengzhang, 2003)
Old Chinese
Bối *pɯːɡs, *bɯːɡs
鄁 *bɯːɡs
偝 *bɯːɡs
Bội *bɯːɡs
Bối *bɯːɡs
Bắc *pɯːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (Hiểu ý/Hiểu ý) – two men back to back. Originally meaning “back”; the characterBối(OC*pɯːɡs, *bɯːɡs) refers to the original word.

CompareHóa,So,Ngang,andNi.

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*ba(“to carry (on back), shoulder”).

The sense of“north”is derived from“back (of body)”:“back”→“to turn the back to; to retreat”→“north”.

The ancient Chinese value the southern direction and houses are traditionally oriented along a north–south axis, as evident in thefengshuitheory and in the orientation of buildings in Chinese Neolithic sites.Northis the direction thebackis oriented to when the person is facing south.

Compare the graphical origin ofNam(OC*nuːm,“south” ) (Sagart, 1988).

Pronunciation 1

[edit]
Note:bor5 - only used in place names.
Note:
  • pak - vernacular ( "north" );
  • pok - literary ( "defeat" ).
Note:
  • bag4 - vernacular;
  • beg4 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location Bắc
Mandarin Beijing /pei²¹⁴/
Harbin /pei²¹³/
Tianjin /pei¹³/
Jinan /pei²¹³/
Qingdao /pe⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /pei²⁴/
Xi'an /pei²¹/
Xining /pɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /pia¹³/
/pɛ¹³/
Lanzhou /pə¹³/
Ürümqi /pei²¹³/
Wuhan /pɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /pe³¹/
Guiyang /pɛ²¹/
Kunming /pə³¹/
Nanjing /pəʔ⁵/
Hefei /pɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /pei⁵³/
Pingyao /pʌʔ¹³/～ thành
/piʌʔ¹³/～ hai mặt
Hohhot /piəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /poʔ⁵/
Suzhou /poʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /poʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /pai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /peʔ²¹/
Tunxi /pi⁵/
Xiang Changsha /pə²⁴/
Xiangtan /pæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /pɛt̚⁵/
Hakka Meixian /pet̚¹/
Taoyuan /pet̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /pɐk̚⁵/
Nanning /pɐk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /pɐk̚⁵/
Min Xiamen(Hokkien) /pɔk̚³²/
/pak̚³²/
Fuzhou(Eastern Min) /pɔyʔ²³/
Jian'ou(Northern Min) /pɛ²⁴/
Shantou(Teochew) /pak̚²/
Haikou(Hainanese) /ʔbak̚⁵/
Rime
Character Bắc
Reading # 1/1
Initial(Thanh) Giúp(1)
Final(Vận) Đức(131)
Tone(Điều) Checked (Ø)
Openness(Khép mở) Open
Division(Chờ) I
Fanqie BácMặcThiết
Baxter pok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pək̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pək̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pək̚/
Li
Rong 		/pək̚/
Wang
Li 		/pək̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bak1
Baxter–Sagartsystem 1.1 (2014)
Character Bắc
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		běi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pok ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pˁək/
English north

Notesfor Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhangsystem (2003)
Character Bắc
Reading # 1/1
No. 414
Phonetic
component 		Bắc
Rime
group 		Chức
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		Bắc
Old
Chinese 		/*pɯːɡ/

Definitions

[edit]

Bắc

  1. north;northern
    BắcDi―běiyí― to move north
    BắcKinh―Běijīng― Beijing (literally, “northern capital” )
  2. to bedefeated;tofail
    BạiBắc／BạiBắc―bàiběi― to suffer defeat

Coordinate terms

[edit]

compass points:Phương vị(fāngwèi):[edit]

Tây Bắc(xīběi) Bắc Đông Bắc/Đông Bắc(dōngběi)
Tây(xī) Đông/Đông(dōng)
Tây Nam(xīnán) Nam Đông Nam/Đông Nam(dōngnán)

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic(Bắc):
  • →Japanese:Bắc(ほく)(hoku)
  • →Korean:북( bắc )(buk)
  • →Vietnamese:bắc(Bắc)

Others:

Pronunciation 2

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

Bắc

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese)Original form ofBối(bèi,“back; to betray” ).

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
Bắc

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. north
  2. escape,run away

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanjiin this term
Bắc
きた
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Attributed toOld Japanese,[1]although the exact phonetics are not clear, as the term is not cited in phoneticman'yōgana.

Ultimate derivation unknown.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

Bắc(きた)•(kita)

  1. north(cardinal point)
    • 905,Kokin Wakashū(book 9, poem 412)
      Bắc(きた)へHành(ゆ)くNhạn(かり)ぞMinh(な)くなるつれてこしSố(かず)はたらでぞかへるべらなる
      kitae yuku kari zo nakunaru tsurete koshi kazu wa tarade zo kaeruberanaru
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    Antonym:Nam(minami)
  2. theNorth(northernpartof aregion)
  3. anortherly,north wind
    Synonym:Gió bắc(kitakaze, hokufū)
    Antonym:Nam(minami)
  4. Short forBắc の phương(kita no kata):northward
  5. adeveloped country
    from the manycountriesin theNorthernHemisphereare considereddeveloped
Coordinate terms
[edit]

compass points:Phương giác(hōgaku):[edit]

Bắc tây(hokusei)
Tây Bắc(seihoku) 		Bắc(kita) Bắc đông(hokutō)
Đông Bắc(tōhoku)
Tây(nishi) Đông(higashi)
Tây Nam(seinan)
Nam tây(nansei) 		Nam(minami) Đông Nam(tōnan)
Nam đông(nantō)
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms

Proper noun

[edit]

Bắc(きた)orBắc(キタ)•(Kita)

  1. Kita(one of 23special wardsinTokyoprefecture,Japan)
  2. (historical)thered-light districtnorth ofEdo Castle
    Synonyms:Bắc quách(Hokkaku),Bắc Quốc(Hokkoku)
  3. asurname
  4. a femalegiven name

Verb

[edit]

Bắc(きた)する•(kitasuru)suru(stemBắc(きた)し(kitashi),pastBắc(きた)した(kitashita))

  1. togonorthwards
    Synonym:Bắc tiếnする(hokushin suru)
Conjugation
[edit]
Conjugation of "Bắcする"(SeeAppendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei( "stem forms" )
Mizenkei( "imperfective" ) Bắc し きたし kita shi
Ren’yōkei( "continuative" ) Bắc し きたし kita shi
Shūshikei( "terminal" ) Bắc する きたする kita suru
Rentaikei( "attributive" ) Bắc する きたする kita suru
Kateikei( "hypothetical" ) Bắc すれ きたすれ kita sure
Meireikei( "imperative" ) Bắc せよ¹
Bắc しろ² 		きたせよ¹
きたしろ² 		kita seyo¹
kita shiro²
Key constructions
Passive Bắc される きたされる kita sareru
Causative Bắc させる
Bắc さす 		きたさせる
きたさす 		kita saseru
kita sasu
Potential Bắc できる きたできる kita dekiru
Volitional Bắc しよう きたしよう kita shiyō
Negative Bắc しない きたしない kita shinai
Negative continuative Bắc せず きたせず kita sezu
Formal Bắc します きたします kita shimasu
Perfective Bắc した きたした kita shita
Conjunctive Bắc して きたして kita shite
Hypothetical conditional Bắc すれば きたすれば kita sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanjiin this term
Bắc
ペー
Grade: 2
irregular

FromMandarinBắc(běi).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

Bắc(ペー)•(pē)

  1. (mahjong)north wind(mahjongtile)
    Hypernym:Phong bài(kazehai, fanpai)
  2. (mahjong)aDịch(yaku,“winninghand”)with atripletorquadof north wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2Phiên(han,“doubles”)
    Hypernym:Dịch bài(yakuhai, yaku-pai)
Coordinate terms
[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]
Kanjiin this term
Bắc
はい
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions ofBắc– see the following entry.
【Bối】6
[kanji]sixth grade kanji
[kanji]back, stature
(This term,Bắc,is a variant kanji form of the above term.)

References

[edit]
  1. ^“Bắc”,inNước Nhật ngữ đại từ điển[Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1](in Japanese), concise edition,Tokyo:Shogakukan,2006
  2. ↑2.02.1Matsumura, Akira,editor (2006),Đại từ lâm[Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN
  3. ↑3.03.1NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute,editor (1998),NHK Nhật Bản ngữ phát âm アクセント từ điển[NHKJapanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese),Tokyo:NHK Publishing, Inc.,→ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromMiddle ChineseBắc(MCpok).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun,1448 븍〮(Yale:púk)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe,1527[2] 뒤〮(Yale:twúy) 븍〮(Yale:púk)
Sinjeung Yuhap,1576 븍녁(Yale:puknyek)
뒤(Yale:twuy)		 븍(Yale:puk)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
KoreanWikisourcehas texts containing thehanja:

Wikisource

Bắc(eumhun북녘북(bungnyeok buk))

  1. Hanjaform?of북(“north”).

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromMiddle ChineseBắc(MCbwojH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun,1448 ᄈᆡᆼ〮(Yale:ppóy)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

Bắc(eumhun달아날배(daranal bae))

  1. Hanjaform?of배(“toescape;toflee”).

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

Proper noun

[edit]
Hanjain this term
Bắc

Bắc•(Buk) (hangeul북)

  1. (in headlines)Short forBắc(북)Hàn(한)(Bukhan,“(South Korea)North Korea”).
Usage notes
[edit]

A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in theHanjaform, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of anyHanja.

See also
[edit]

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 ( quốc tế lui khê học được đại khâu khánh bắc chi bộ )(2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전／ điện tử từ điển.[3]

Okinawan

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
Bắc

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]
Kanjiin this term
Bắc
にし
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Cognate with mainlandJapaneseTây(nishi,“west”).

Noun

[edit]

Bắc(にし)(nishi)

  1. north;northern;northwards

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]

Old Japanese

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Unknown.

Noun

[edit]

Bắc(KITA)

  1. north
    • 711–712,Kojiki:
      Ngự lăng ở mẫu núi lửa chiBắcPhương bạch đào đuôi thượng cũng.
      There was a ridge at the imperial tomb.Northof Pi₂yama, a white taowu's tail is at the top.
    • 720,Nihon Shoki:
      Nay ở hảiBắcNói trung [...]
      Now, in the northern road of the sea [...]
    • c.759,Man’yōshū,book 13,poem 3242:
      Trăm kỳ nămTam dã quốc gia chi caoBắcChi 81 lân chi cung nhĩ
      momoki₁ne mi₁no₁ NO₂ KUNI NO₂ TAKAKITANO₂ kukuri NO₂ MI₂YA ni
      The palace of Kukuri in the highnorthof Mino-no-kuni...

Southern Amami Ōshima

[edit]
Kanjiin this term
Bắc
にし
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Kanji

[edit]
Bắc

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Cognate with mainlandJapaneseTây(nishi,“west”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

Bắc(にし)(nisi)

  1. north;northern;northwards

References

[edit]

Tày

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

Bắc(bắc)

  1. Nômform ofbắc(“north”).
    Rất đôngBắcXấu dần 㐌聀
    Cần đôngbắc,sửu dần đạ chắc
    People from everywhere and everywhen knows it all
  2. Nômform ofbắc(“net”).
    Phó hứa nương 㓜Bắc𫠯 soạn
    Phó hẩư nàng aubắclồng sỏn
    Hand it over to the lady to bring thenetdown there and scoop
  3. Nômform ofbắc(“step”).
    Nhuế 𱒢 thật 敯 vinh nhặtBắc
    Rườn vỉ chăn hôn giùng sípbắc
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Verb

[edit]

Bắc(pắc)

  1. Nômform ofpắc(“torow”).
    Bắc𱣸 tề trị quá khải đại
    Pắclừa tẻ tấy quá khái đại
    Rowthe boat to go the other route

References

[edit]
  • Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor,Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày[A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[4](in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

Bắc:Hán Nômreadings:bắc,bác,bấc,bậc,bước

Noun

[edit]

Bắc

  1. chữ Hánform ofbắc(“north”).

Coordinate terms

[edit]

compass points:[edit]

tây bắc(Tây Bắc) bắc(Bắc) đông bắc(Đông Bắc)
tây(Tây) đông(Đông)
tây nam(Tây Nam) nam(Nam) đông nam(Đông Nam)

Zhuang

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

Bắc

  1. Sawndipform ofbyaek(“vegetable”)
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title= bắc &oldid=83843409"