Cát

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See also:𠮷,Triết,Cáo,Cáo,Cổ,Lưỡi,andXá
CátU+5409,吉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5409
←Hợp
[U+5408] 		CJK Unified Ideographs Điếu→
[U+540A]

Translingual

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Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character

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Cát(Kangxi radical30,Khẩu+3, 6 strokes,cangjie inputThổ khẩu(GR),four-corner40601,composition⿱SĩKhẩu)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary:page 175,character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3289
  • Dae Jaweon: page 389, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 576, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5409

Chinese

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simp.andtrad.
 Cát
alternative forms 𠮷

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the characterCát
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi(compiled inHan) Liushutong(compiled inMing)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the samephonetic series(Cát)(Zhengzhang, 2003)
Old Chinese
Rơm *kriːl, *kriːd
Búi tóc *kiːds
夡 *kʰids
鴶 *kriːd
Kết *kriːd, *kiːd
Hiệt *kriːd, *ɡiːd
Cật *kʰriːd
硈 *kʰriːd
Kê *kʰriːd, *ɡlid, *qʰlid
Hiệt *ɡriːd
聐 *ŋreːd
趌 *ked, *klid, *kʰid, *ɡrid
Kết *kiːd
Kiết *kiːd, *klid
Quýt *kiːd
狤 *kiːd, *klid, *ɡrid
Hiệt *qʰiːd, *ɡiːd
Hiệt *ɡiːd
Hiệt *ɡiːd
纈 *ɡiːd
Cát *klid
郆 *kid
Cật *kʰid
蛣 *kʰid
Cát *ɡlid, *ɡrid
Cát *ɡrid
Cật *ɡrid
Hi *qʰlid
恄 *qʰlid

Ideogram (Chỉ sự) derived from a ritual axeSĩand an open mouthKhẩu,perhaps with a reference to rituals to obtain the gratitude of the ancestors and deities.

Etymology

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FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*s-kjit(“happy; pleased”)(STEDT). Also compareTibetanསྐྱིད་པ(skyid pa,“to be happy”)andBurmeseချစ်(hkyac,“to love, to be pleased”)(Schuessler, 2007,Hill, 2019).

Cantonese sense of “empty” arises from avoidance ofKhông(hung1),which is homophonous toHung(hung1,“inauspicious”).

The Taiwanese Chinese sense of “to sue” arises from avoidance ofCáo(gào,“to sue” ), which is a typo form of it.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • Xiamen:
    • kiat - vernacular;
    • kit - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location Cát
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕi³⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
/t͡ɕi²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕi²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕji⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕi⁵³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕi¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕie³¹/
/t͡ɕi³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕi²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕi³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕiʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕiʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕi⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕiʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kit̚¹/
Taoyuan /kit̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kɐt̚⁵/
Nanning /kɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kɐt̚⁵/
Min Xiamen(Hokkien) /kit̚³²/
/kiat̚³²/
Fuzhou(Eastern Min) /kɛiʔ²³/
Jian'ou(Northern Min) /ki²⁴/
Shantou(Teochew) /kik̚²/
Haikou(Hainanese) /kit̚⁵/
Rime
Character Cát
Reading # 1/1
Initial(Thanh) Thấy(28)
Final(Vận) Chất(48)
Tone(Điều) Checked (Ø)
Openness(Khép mở) Open
Division(Chờ) III
Fanqie CưChấtThiết
Baxter kjit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kit̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kit̚/
Li
Rong 		/kiĕt̚/
Wang
Li 		/kĭĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ki̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ji
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gat1
Baxter–Sagartsystem 1.1 (2014)
Character Cát
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kjit ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.qi[t]/ (*C.q- > *k-, escaping palatalization)
English auspicious

Notesfor Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhangsystem (2003)
Character Cát
Reading # 1/1
No. 5692
Phonetic
component 		Cát
Rime
group 		Chất
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		Cát
Old
Chinese 		/*klid/
Notes GiápVănTượngCungPhẩmỞKhẩuBiểuThầnHữuCátLợi

Definitions

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Cát

  1. auspicious;lucky
    Antonym:Hung(xiōng)
    CátLợi―jílì― auspicious; lucky
  2. good
  3. (Cantonese,euphemistic)empty
    Hoành ước lượngCóGianPhòngCátTảTịch độ,Không bằngThuêTíNgườiTrụA.[Cantonese,trad.]
    Hoành ước lượngCóGianPhòngCátTảTịch độ,Không bằngThuêTíNgườiTrụA.[Cantonese,simp.]
    waang4dim6jau5gaan1fong4-2gat1zo2hai2dou6,bat1jyu4zou1bei2jan4zyu6aa1.[Jyutping]
    Since there's anemptyroom, why don't we rent it out?
    GiaoCátCuốn[Cantonese]―gaau1gat1gyun2[Jyutping]― Hand out an unanswered (empty) exam paper
    CátPhòng[Cantonese]―gat1uk1[Jyutping]―unoccupiedhouse
    CátPhô／CátPhô[Cantonese]―gat1pou3[Jyutping]―vacantshop
    Xin hỏiĐâuCáiVịHệ mễCát㗎?[Cantonese,trad.]
    Xin hỏiĐâuCáiVịHệ mễCát㗎?[Cantonese,simp.]
    ceng2man6ne1go3wai6hai6mai6gat1gaa3?[Jyutping]
    Is anyone sitting here?
  4. (Cantonese,euphemistic)emptiness;nothingness
    Lao lựcCả đờiĐếnCáiCát[Cantonese,trad.]
    Lao lựcCả đờiĐếnCáiCát[Cantonese,simp.]
    lou4luk1jat1sang1dak1go3gat1[Jyutping]
    A lifetime of labor amounts tonothing
  5. (Taiwan,Internetslang)toaccuse;tosue;tofilealawsuit;topress charges
    NàyTaNhất địnhCát／NàyTaNhất địnhCát―zhè wǒ yīdìngjí― I will definitely sue for this
  6. Used in transcription.
    CátLâm―Jílín―Jilin (from Manchugilin)
    CátNgươiCátTư／CátNgươiCátTư―Jí'ěrjísī―Kyrgyzstan
    CátBố mà―Jíbùdì―Djibouti
    CátLong sườn núi―Jílóngpō― Kuala Lumpur
    CátNgươi phúc đức／CátNgươi phúc đức―Jí'ěrfúdé―Guildford
    Mỗ bốCátMã y／Mỗ bốCátMã y―MǔbùjíMǎyī― Mbuji-Mayi
    1. Short forCát Lâm(Jílín,“JilinProvince” ).
  7. asurname
  8. (～Huyện)JiCounty(a county ofLinfen,Shanxi,China)

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms ofKhông( “empty; void” )[map]
Variety Location Words
Formal(Written Standard Chinese) Không
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing Không
Taiwan Không
Jilu Mandarin Jinan Không
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an Không
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu Không
Wuhan Không
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou Không
Hefei Không
Cantonese Guangzhou Không,Cát
Hong Kong Không,Cát
Taishan Không
Yang gian g Không
Gan Nanchang Không
Hakka Meixian Không
Jin Taiyuan Không
Northern Min Jian'ou Không
Eastern Min Fuzhou Không
Southern Min Xiamen Không
Quanzhou Không
Zhangzhou Không
Tainan Không
Chaozhou Không
Jieyang Không
Wu Suzhou Không
Wenzhou Không
Xiang Changsha Không
Shuangfeng Không

Descendants

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  • →English:Ji

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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Cát

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on:きち(kichi,Jōyō)
  • Kan-on:きつ(kitsu,Jōyō)
  • Kun:よい(yoi,Cát い),よし(yoshi,Cát し)

Etymology 1

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Kanjiin this term
Cát
きち
Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative forms

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  • Cát(きつ)(kitsu)

Noun

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Cát(きち)•(kichi)

  1. goodluck

Etymology 2

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Kanjiin this term
Cát
きつ
Grade: S
on'yomi

Noun

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Cát(きつ)•(kitsu)

  1. Alternative form ofCát(kichi,“goodluck”)

Korean

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Hanja

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Cát(eumhun길할길(gilhal gil))

  1. hanjaform?of길(“luck”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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Cát:Hán Việtreadings:cát[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Cát:Nômreadings:kiết[1][2]

  1. chữ Hánform ofcát(“auspicious,lucky”).

References

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  1. ↑1.01.1Génibrel (1898).
  2. ↑2.02.1Bonet (1899).
  3. ^Thiều Chửu (1942).
  4. ^Nguyễn (1974).
  5. ^Trần (1999).
  6. ^Nguyễn et al. (2009).
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