Cát

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CátU+5409,吉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5409
Hợp
[U+5408]
CJK Unified Ideographs Điếu
[U+540A]

Translingual

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Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character

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Cát(Kangxi radical30,Khẩu+3, 6 strokes,cangjie inputThổ khẩu(GR),four-corner40601,compositionKhẩu)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary:page 175,character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3289
  • Dae Jaweon: page 389, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 576, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5409

Chinese

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simp.andtrad.
Cát
alternative forms 𠮷

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the characterCát
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi(compiled inHan) Liushutong(compiled inMing)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogram (Chỉ sự) derived from a ritual axeand an open mouthKhẩu,perhaps with a reference to rituals to obtain the gratitude of the ancestors and deities.

Etymology

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FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*s-kjit(happy; pleased)(STEDT). Also compareTibetanསྐྱིད་པ(skyid pa,to be happy)andBurmeseချစ်(hkyac,to love, to be pleased)(Schuessler, 2007,Hill, 2019).

Cantonese sense of “empty” arises from avoidance ofKhông(hung1),which is homophonous toHung(hung1,inauspicious).

The Taiwanese Chinese sense of “to sue” arises from avoidance ofCáo(gào,“to sue” ), which is a typo form of it.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • Xiamen:
    • kiat - vernacular;
    • kit - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location Cát
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕi³⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
/t͡ɕi²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕi²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕji⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕi⁵³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕi¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕie³¹/
/t͡ɕi³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕi²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕi³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕiʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕiʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕi⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕiʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kit̚¹/
Taoyuan /kit̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kɐt̚⁵/
Nanning /kɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kɐt̚⁵/
Min Xiamen(Hokkien) /kit̚³²/
/kiat̚³²/
Fuzhou(Eastern Min) /kɛiʔ²³/
Jian'ou(Northern Min) /ki²⁴/
Shantou(Teochew) /kik̚²/
Haikou(Hainanese) /kit̚⁵/

Rime
Character Cát
Reading # 1/1
Initial(Thanh) Thấy(28)
Final(Vận) Chất(48)
Tone(Điều) Checked (Ø)
Openness(Khép mở) Open
Division(Chờ) III
Fanqie ChấtThiết
Baxter kjit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kit̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kit̚/
Li
Rong
/kiĕt̚/
Wang
Li
/kĭĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ki̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ji
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gat1
BaxterSagartsystem 1.1 (2014)
Character Cát
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ kjit ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.qi[t]/ (*C.q- > *k-, escaping palatalization)
English auspicious

Notesfor Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhangsystem (2003)
Character Cát
Reading # 1/1
No. 5692
Phonetic
component
Cát
Rime
group
Chất
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Cát
Old
Chinese
/*klid/
Notes GiápVănTượngCungPhẩmKhẩuBiểuThầnHữuCátLợi

Definitions

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Cát

  1. auspicious;lucky
    Antonym:Hung(xiōng)
    CátLợi― auspicious; lucky
  2. good
  3. (Cantonese,euphemistic)empty
    Hoành ước lượngGianPhòngCátTảTịch độ,Không bằngThuêNgườiTrụA.[Cantonese,trad.]
    Hoành ước lượngGianPhòngCátTảTịch độ,Không bằngThuêNgườiTrụA.[Cantonese,simp.]
    waang4dim6jau5gaan1fong4-2gat1zo2hai2dou6,bat1jyu4zou1bei2jan4zyu6aa1.[Jyutping]
    Since there's anemptyroom, why don't we rent it out?
    GiaoCátCuốn[Cantonese]gaau1gat1gyun2[Jyutping]― Hand out an unanswered (empty) exam paper
    CátPhòng[Cantonese]gat1uk1[Jyutping]unoccupiedhouse
    CátPhôCátPhô[Cantonese]gat1pou3[Jyutping]vacantshop
    Xin hỏiĐâuCáiVịHệ mễCát?[Cantonese,trad.]
    Xin hỏiĐâuCáiVịHệ mễCát?[Cantonese,simp.]
    ceng2man6ne1go3wai6hai6mai6gat1gaa3?[Jyutping]
    Is anyone sitting here?
  4. (Cantonese,euphemistic)emptiness;nothingness
    Lao lựcCả đờiĐếnCáiCát[Cantonese,trad.]
    Lao lựcCả đờiĐếnCáiCát[Cantonese,simp.]
    lou4luk1jat1sang1dak1go3gat1[Jyutping]
    A lifetime of labor amounts tonothing
  5. (Taiwan,Internetslang)toaccuse;tosue;tofilealawsuit;topress charges
    NàyTaNhất địnhCátNàyTaNhất địnhCátzhè wǒ yīdìng― I will definitely sue for this
  6. Used in transcription.
    CátLâmlínJilin (from Manchugilin)
    CátNgươiCátCátNgươiCát'ěrKyrgyzstan
    CátBố màbùdìDjibouti
    CátLong sườn núilóngpō― Kuala Lumpur
    CátNgươi phúc đứcCátNgươi phúc đức'ěrfúdéGuildford
    Mỗ bốCátMã yMỗ bốCátMã yMǔbùMǎyī― Mbuji-Mayi
    1. Short forCát Lâm(Jílín,“JilinProvince” ).
  7. asurname
  8. (Huyện)JiCounty(a county ofLinfen,Shanxi,China)

Synonyms

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Descendants

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  • English:Ji

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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Cát

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on:きち(kichi,Jōyō)
  • Kan-on:きつ(kitsu,Jōyō)
  • Kun:よい(yoi,Cát い),よし(yoshi,Cát し)

Etymology 1

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Kanjiin this term
Cát
きち
Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative forms

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  • Cát(きつ)(kitsu)

Noun

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Cát(きち)(kichi)

  1. goodluck

Etymology 2

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Kanjiin this term
Cát
きつ
Grade: S
on'yomi

Noun

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Cát(きつ)(kitsu)

  1. Alternative form ofCát(kichi,goodluck)

Korean

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Hanja

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Cát(eumhun길할(gilhal gil))

  1. hanjaform?of(luck)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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Cát:Hán Việtreadings:cát[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Cát:Nômreadings:kiết[1][2]

  1. chữ Hánform ofcát(auspicious,lucky).

References

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