Thu

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See also:ThuandThu
ThuU+79CB,秋
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79CB
←Niên
[U+79CA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs Thu→
[U+79CC]

Translingual

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Stroke order
9 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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Thu(Kangxi radical115,Hòa+4, 9 strokes,cangjie inputTrúc mộc hỏa(HDF),four-corner29980,composition⿰HòaHỏa)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary:page 850,character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24940
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1273, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2595, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+79CB

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the characterThu
Shang Warring States Shuowen Jiezi(compiled inHan) Liushutong(compiled inMing)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the samephonetic series(Thu)(Zhengzhang, 2003)
Old Chinese
Thiêu *sʰew
Thu *sʰiw, *sʰiws, *sʰɯw
Thiểu *sʰiwʔ, *zɯwʔ
Tưu *ʔsliwʔ, *ʔsɯw, *sʰɯw, *zɯwʔ
Nắm *ʔsɯw
Thu *ʔsɯw
Pi *ʔsɯw
Thu *ʔsɯw
Thu *sʰɯw
Thu *sʰɯw
Thu *sʰɯw
Thu *sʰɯw
Thu *sʰɯw
鶖 *sʰɯw
Thu *sʰɯw
Trứu *ʔsrɯws
醔 *sʰrɯw
Sầu *zrɯw
Sậu *zrɯws

The oracle bone forms and bronze inscriptions show the pictogram (Tượng hình) of acricketor alocust,sometimes with a fireHỏaglyph underneath. In its later form, became aPhono-semanticcompound (Hình thanh／Hình thanh,OC*sʰɯw): semanticHòa(“grain”)+ abbreviated phonetic𤒅().Often thought of as an Ideogrammic compound (Hiểu ý／Hiểu ý):Hòa(“grain”)+Hỏa(“fire”);after harvesting the grain, the fields are burned to kill locusts and their eggs.

Etymology 1

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trad. Thu
simp.# Thu
alternative forms
Thu
𤇫
𥝛
𥡄
𥡌
Thu
𤇫
𥝛
𥡄
𥡌
𥤚
𥤛
𪺋
𥤠
𪔁
𪚼
𪛁
Thu

Unclear.

Schuessler (2007)minimally reconstructsOld Chinese*tshiu< Proto-Chinese *C-nh(i)uand proposes its cognacy to either:

  • Thu(OC*(n)hiu,“to reap, harvest, gather” ); or
  • Tốt(OC*tsut,“to finish, end, die” ), as vegetation dies in autumn; additionally inZuozhuan,this word's referent was winter's dead vegetation.

Alternatively,Sagart (2023b)relatesThu(OC*tsʰiw) toThu(OC*[dz]iw,“to collect, bring together” ), whoseOld Chinesereconstruction should possibly be amended to*m-tsʰiwor*m-tsiw.

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location Thu
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰiou⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰiou⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰiou²¹/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰiou²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡sʰiou²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰiou²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰiou²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕʰiɯ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰiəu⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰiou³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰiɤu⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰʰiəu⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰiəu⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰiəu⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰiəu⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡sʰiəɯ³¹/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰiɯ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰiəu¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰiəu¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰiəu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰiɤ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡sʰɤ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰiø³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰɤu³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰiu³¹/
Tunxi /t͡sʰiu¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰiəu³³/
Xiangtan /t͡sʰiəɯ³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiu⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰiu²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰɐu⁵³/
Nanning /t͡sʰɐu⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰɐu⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen(Hokkien) /t͡sʰiu⁵⁵/
Fuzhou(Eastern Min) /t͡sʰieu⁴⁴/
Jian'ou(Northern Min) /t͡sʰiu⁵⁴/
Shantou(Teochew) /t͡sʰiu³³/
Haikou(Hainanese) /siu²³/
Rime
Character Thu
Reading # 1/1
Initial(Thanh) Thanh(14)
Final(Vận) Vưu(136)
Tone(Điều) Level (Ø)
Openness(Khép mở) Open
Division(Chờ) III
Fanqie BảyTừThiết
Baxter tshjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰɨu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰiu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰuw/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰiu/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qiū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cau1
Baxter–Sagartsystem 1.1 (2014)
Character Thu
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qiū
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tshjuw ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tsʰiw/
English autumn; crop

Notesfor Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhangsystem (2003)
Character Thu
Reading # 1/1
No. 10537
Phonetic
component 		Thu
Rime
group 		U
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		Thu
Old
Chinese 		/*sʰɯw/

Definitions

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Thu

  1. harvestseason
    MạchThu／MạchThu―màiqiū―harvest seasonfor wheat
  2. autumn;fall
    ThâmThu―shēnqiū― lateautumn
  3. (literary)year
    NgànThuMuôn đời／NgànThuMuôn đời―qiānqiūwàndài― the ages to come
    MộtNgàyKhôngThấy,NhưCáchTamThu[MSC,trad.]
    MộtNgàyKhôngThấy,NhưCáchTamThu[MSC,simp.]
    yī rì bù jiàn, rú gé sānqiū[Pinyin]
    a single day apart seems like threeyears
  4. period;time
    Nhiều chuyện chiThu―duōshìzhīqiū― troubledperiod
  5. autumncrops
  6. asurname
    ThuCẩn―QiūJǐn―QiuJin(Chinese revolutionary)
See also
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Seasonsin Mandarin ·Bốn mùa(sìjì,“fourseasons”)(layout·text)·category
Xuân(chūn,“spring”) Hạ(xià,“summer”) Thu(qiū,“fall;autumn”) Đông(dōng,“winter”)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions ofThu– seeThu( “swing”).
(This character is the simplified form ofThu).
Notes:

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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Thu

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. autumn

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology

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JapaneseWikipediahas an article on:
Wikipediaja
EnglishWikipediahas an article on:
Wikipedia
Kanjiin this term
Thu
あき
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

⟨aki1⟩→ */akʲi/→/aki/

FromOld Japanese.

Likely cognate withMinh き(aki,“bright”),Xích(aka,“red”),No きる(akiru,“to becomefullup”,possibly in reference to the harvest),Không く(aku,“to becomeempty”),Khai く(aku,“toopenup”).However, the exact relationship of these terms remains unclear.

Pronunciation

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  • Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).
※ References:[1]

Noun

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Thu(あき)•(aki)

  1. autumn,fall(season)

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Derived terms

See also

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Seasonsin Japanese ·Bốn(し)Quý(き)(shiki,“fourseasons”)(layout·text)·category
Xuân(はる)(haru,“spring”)
Xuân(しゅん)Quý(き)(shunki,“spring”)
Xuân(しゅん)Kỳ(き)(shunki,“springperiod”) 		Hạ(なつ)(natsu,“summer”)
Hạ(か)Quý(き)(kaki,“summer”)
Hạ(か)Kỳ(き)(kaki,“summer period”) 		Thu(あき)(aki,“fall;autumn”)
Thu(しゅう)Quý(き)(shūki,“fall; autumn”)
Thu(しゅう)Kỳ(き)(shūki,“fall period”) 		Đông(ふゆ)(fuyu,“winter”)
Đông(とう)Quý(き)(tōki,“winter”)
Đông(とう)Kỳ(き)(tōki,“winter period”)

References

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  1. ↑1.01.11.2“あき 【 thu 】Paid subscription required”,inNước Nhật ngữ đại từ điển[Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1](in Japanese), 2nd edition,Tokyo:Shogakukan,2000-2002, released online 2007,→ISBN,concise edition entry availablehere
  2. ^Matsumura, Akira,editor (2006),Đại từ lâm[Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN
  3. ^Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002),Kinh phản hệ アクセント từ điển[A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese),Tōkyō:Bensei,→ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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FromMiddle ChineseThu(MCtshjuw).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun,1448 츄ᇢ(Yale:chyùw)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe,1527[3] ᄀᆞᅀᆞᆯ(Yale:kòzòl) 츄(Yale:chyù)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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KoreanWikisourcehas texts containing thehanja:

Wikisource

Thu(eumhun가을추(ga'eul chu))

  1. hanjaform?of추(“autumn;fall”)[affix]

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 ( quốc tế lui khê học được đại khâu khánh bắc chi bộ )(2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary,전자사전／ điện tử từ điển.[4]

Okinawan

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Kanji

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Thu

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. autumn;fall

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanjiin this term
Thu
あち
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Cognate withJapaneseThu(aki,“autumn”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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Thu(あち)(achi)

  1. autumn;fall

References

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  • “あち【 thu 】”inJLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary,2019.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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Thu:Hán Nômreadings:thu

  1. chữ Hánform ofthu(“fall,autumn”).

Derived terms

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