Nách

See also:Cách

Nách U+80F3,胳 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80F3 ←Hợi [U+80F2] CJK Unified Ideographs Đỗng→ [U+80F4]

Translingual

Han character

Nách(Kangxi radical130,Thịt+6, 10 strokes,cangjie inputNguyệt trúc thủy khẩu(BHER),four-corner7726₄,composition⿰NguyệtCác)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary:page 980,character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29434
• Dae Jaweon: page 1432, character 25
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2070, character 4
• Unihan data for U+80F3

Chinese

trad.		Nách
simp.#		Nách

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the characterNách
Shuowen Jiezi(compiled inHan)
Small seal script

Characters in the samephonetic series(Các)(Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
Khá	*kʰraːɡs
Lộ	*ɡ·raːɡs
Lộ	*ɡ·raːɡs
Lộ	*ɡ·raːɡs
虂	*ɡ·raːɡs
Lộ	*ɡ·raːɡs
Lộ	*raːɡs
Lộ	*raːɡs
Lộ	*raːɡs
簬	*raːɡs
簵	*ɡ·raːɡs
Lạc	*ɡ·raːɡ
Lạc	*ɡ·raːɡ
Lạc	*ɡ·raːɡ
Sữa đặc	*ɡ·raːɡ
Lạc	*ɡ·raːɡ
Lạc	*ɡ·raːɡ
Lạc	*ɡ·raːɡ
Cộm	*ɡ·raːɡ
Cách	*ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ
笿	*ɡ·raːɡ
鉻	*ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
鮥	*ɡ·raːɡ
鵅	*ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
挌	*ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
Lạc	*ɡ·raːɡ
Các	*klaːɡ
Nách	*klaːɡ
Các	*klaːɡ
Cách	*klaːɡ, *kraːɡ
Gác	*klaːɡ
Khác	*kʰlaːɡ
愙	*kʰaːɡ
Hạc	*ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ
狢	*ɡlaːɡ
Hạc	*ɡlaːɡ
Lược	*ɡ·raɡ
Các	*kraːɡ
Cách	*kraːɡ
觡	*kraːɡ
蛒	*kraːɡ
敋	*kraːɡ
Khách	*kʰraːɡ
Khách	*kʰraːɡ
Khách	*kʰraːɡ
Ngạch	*ŋɡraːɡ
峉	*ŋɡraːɡ
Ngạch	*ŋɡraːɡ
Ách	*ŋɡraːɡ
Hạc	*ɡraːɡ
楁	*ɡraːɡ

Phono-semanticcompound (Hình thanh／Hình thanh,OC*klaːɡ): semanticThịt(“flesh”)+ phoneticCác(OC*klaːɡ).

Etymology

Possibly fromProto-Sino-Tibetan*lak ~ *C-jak(“arm; hand; wing”).Sagart (1999)considers it to be a prefixed form of a root*lak,found unprefixed asCũng(OC*ᵇlak,“armpit” ) and with a loosely attached prefix as*ᵃkə-lak,preserved in some southern varieties, such asCantoneseNách lặc đế(gaak3 laak6-1 dai2),Eastern MinNách dưới nách(gó̤k-lŏ̤k-â). In the new reconstruction byBaxter and Sagart (2014),the connection toCũng(OC*[ɢ](r)Ak) is still implied (cf.Sagart, 2007), but the comparison to the forms in the southern varieties no longer holds (Hill, 2019).Zhang, Jacques and Lai (2019)compare it withTibetanལག(lag,“arm”),Japhugtɯ-jaʁ(“arm”)and suggest that the comparisons are more compatible with anOld Chinesereconstruction such as*klˁak.

Alternatively,Schuessler (2007)reconstructs theOld Chineseminimally as*kâk<*klakand posits anAustroasiaticorigin, comparing it toProto-Monic*knlak(“popliteal space; armpit”),Khmerក្លៀក(kliək,“armpit”),both fromProto-Mon-Khmer*kʔik ~ *kʔiək ~ *kʔaik(“armpit”).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin):gē(ge¹)

  (Zhuyin):ㄍㄜ

• Cantonese(Jyutping):gaak³/gok³/lok³
• Southern Min(Hokkien,POJ):koh/kok

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin:gē
    • Zhuyin:ㄍㄜ
    • Tongyong Pinyin:ge
    • Wade–Giles:ko¹
    • Yale:gē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh:ge
    • Palladius:гэ(gɛ)
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/kɤ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping:gaak³/ gok³/ lok³
    • Yale:gaak / gok / lok
    • Cantonese Pinyin:gaak⁸/ gok⁸/ lok⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization:gag³/ gog³/ log³
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/kaːk̚³/, /kɔːk̚³/, /lɔːk̚³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou,GeneralTaiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī:koh
    • Tâi-lô:koh
    • Phofsit Daibuun:koiq
    • IPA(Xiamen,Zhangzhou,Taipei):/koʔ³²/
    • IPA(Kaohsiung):/kɤʔ³²/
    • IPA(Quanzhou):/koʔ⁵/
  • (Hokkien:Xiamen,Quanzhou,Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī:kok
    • Tâi-lô:kok
    • Phofsit Daibuun:kog
    • IPA(Quanzhou):/kɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA(Xiamen,Zhangzhou):/kɔk̚³²/

Note:

• koh - vernacular;
• kok - literary.

---

• Middle Chinese:kak

Rime
Character	Nách
Reading #	1/1
Initial(Thanh)	Thấy(28)
Final(Vận)	Đạc(103)
Tone(Điều)	Checked (Ø)
Openness(Khép mở)	Open
Division(Chờ)	I
Fanqie	CổLạcThiết
Baxter	kak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kak̚/
Li Rong	/kɑk̚/
Wang Li	/kɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ge
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gok3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart):/*[C.q]ˤak/

  (Zhengzhang):/*klaːɡ/

Baxter–Sagartsystem 1.1 (2014)
Character	Nách
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gē
Middle Chinese	‹ kak ›
Old Chinese	/*[C.q]ˁak/
English	armpit
Notesfor Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhangsystem (2003)
Character	Nách
Reading #	1/1
No.	3882
Phonetic component	Các
Rime group	Đạc
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	Các
Old Chinese	/*klaːɡ/

Definitions

Nách

1. ^⁜(anatomy)armpit
2. ^⁜(anatomy)arm

   NáchBạc―gēbo― arm

   NáchCánh tay―gēbei― arm

Compounds

• Loát cánh tay
• Cánh tay(gēbo)
• Nách đầu gối
• Cánh tay
• Bán cánh tay／Bán cánh tay
• Vượt cánh tay

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin):gé,gē(ge²,ge¹)

  (Zhuyin):ㄍㄜˊ, ㄍㄜ

• Cantonese(Jyutping):gaak³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese,Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin:gé
    • Zhuyin:ㄍㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin:gé
    • Wade–Giles:ko²
    • Yale:gé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh:ger
    • Palladius:гэ(gɛ)
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/kɤ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese,Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin:gē
    • Zhuyin:ㄍㄜ
    • Tongyong Pinyin:ge
    • Wade–Giles:ko¹
    • Yale:gē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh:ge
    • Palladius:гэ(gɛ)
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/kɤ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping:gaak³
    • Yale:gaak
    • Cantonese Pinyin:gaak⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization:gag³
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/kaːk̚³/

Definitions

Nách

1. Only used inNách chi(gézhi,“totickle”).

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin):gā,gē

  (Zhuyin):ㄍㄚ, ㄍㄜ

• Cantonese(Jyutping):gaak³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese,standard inMainland;variant inTaiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin:gā
    • Zhuyin:ㄍㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin:ga
    • Wade–Giles:ka¹
    • Yale:gā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh:ga
    • Palladius:га(ga)
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/kä⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese,standard inTaiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin:gē
    • Zhuyin:ㄍㄜ
    • Tongyong Pinyin:ge
    • Wade–Giles:ko¹
    • Yale:gē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh:ge
    • Palladius:гэ(gɛ)
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/kɤ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping:gaak³
    • Yale:gaak
    • Cantonese Pinyin:gaak⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization:gag³
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/kaːk̚³/

Definitions

Nách

1. Only used inNách／Nách(gāzhiwō).

Japanese

Kanji

Nách

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. armpit
2. arms

Readings

• On(unclassified):かく(kaku),ぎゃく(gyaku)
• Kun:わき(waki,Nách)