-d

See also:Appendix:Variations of "d"

English

Suffix

-d

1. Alternative form of-ednow only standard with words which end in-e,but historically permissable in all the same places as-ed.

   bone → boned,pirouette → pirouetted,learn→learnd

2. An empty suffix, perhaps derived from the past-tense suffix above, added in some dialects to the present tense forms of some words which then add an additional-edin the past tense.

   damn →damnd(→damnded),drown→drownd(→drownded)

3. Marks ordinals written in digits when the final term of the spelled number is "second" or "third"

   2d grade;23d century

Synonyms

• (marking ordinals ending with "second"):-nd
• (marking ordinals ending with "third"):-rd

Faroese

Etymology

FromOld Norse-d,-ð,fromProto-Germanic*-iþō.

Suffix

-df(genitive-dar,plural-dir)

1. -th,-ness

Declension

Declension of-d
f2	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	-d	-din	-dir	-dirnar
accusative	-d	-dina	-dir	-dirnar
dative	-d	-dini	-dum	-dunum
genitive	-dar	-darinnar	-da	-danna

Derived terms

Faroese terms suffixed with -d

Fula

Affix

-d

1. (Pulaar)indicates that the action is performed with someone or something

   ‎haalde(“to say, speak”)+ ‎-d→ ‎haaldude(“to talk to each other, negotiate, transact”)

Usage notes

• placed between the verb stem and the ending

References

• M. Niang,Pulaar-English English-Pulaar Standard Dictionary,New York: Hippocrene Books, 1997.

Hungarian

Etymology 1

From the *mtᴕ̈ second-person personal pronoun of the ancestor language after it was appended to the base word.

Suffix

-d

2. (possessive suffix)your(second-personsingular informal, single possession)

   hajó(“boat”)→a hajód(“yourboat”)

   kocsi(“car”)→a kocsid(“yourcar”)

   palota(“palace”)→a palotád(“yourpalace”)

   érme(“coin”)→az érméd(“yourcoin”)

4. (personal suffix)Second-personsingular personal suffix:
   1. Definiteforms of transitive verbs (followed by a linking vowel in indicative present/past and subjunctive moods; with no linking vowel in conditional mood).

      ‎tud(“to know”)→ ‎tudod,tudtad,tudjad,tudnád(“you know / knew / should know / would know it”)

      ‎kér(“to ask [for sth]”)→ ‎kéred,kérted,kérjed,kérnéd(“you ask / asked / should ask / would ask for it”)

   3. Combined form of a covert (∅) allophone of-j(subjunctive suffix)and the regular suffix-(a/e)d(above),marking the short form of the above person of the definite subjunctive (attached directly to a verb stem).

      ‎tud+ ‎-d→ ‎tudd(=tudjad(“you should know it”)

      ‎kér+ ‎-d→ ‎kérd(=kérjed)(“you should ask for it”)

   5. Forming conjugated infinitives (here: “for you to do sth” ).

      ‎tanulni(“to study”)+ ‎-d→ ‎tanulnodkell(“youneed to study”,literally“for_you_to_study is_necessary”)

      Csakkérnedkell.―Allyouhave to do is ask [for it].(literally, “only for_you_to_ask is_necessary”)

   6. Declined and postpositional forms of the second-person personal pronounte(“you”).

      ‎-ban/-ben(“in”)+ ‎-d→ ‎benned(“inyou”)

      ‎elé(“in front of”)+ ‎-d→ ‎eléd(“in front ofyou”)

Usage notes

• (possessive suffix) Variants:

  -dis added to words ending in a vowel. Final-achanges to-á-.Final-echanges to-é-.

  -adis added tosome back-vowel wordsending in a consonant

  -odis added to the other back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -edis added to unrounded (andsome rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ödis added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

• (personal suffix)See variants in the table below.

Subjunctive/imperative definite – personal endings

Person		Back vowel	Front vowel
én	1st person singular	-jam	-jem
te	2nd person singular	-d
	long form	-jad	-jed
ő maga/ön	3rd person singular	-ja	-je
mi	1st person plural	-juk	-jük
ti	2nd person plural	-játok	-jétek
ők maguk/önök	3rd person plural	-ják	-jék
See also: present-tenseindefinite-object suffixesand second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.
Verb ending	Assimilation rules of-j
s sz z dz	The-jassimilates to the verb ending:   keres→‎ keress   metsz→‎ metssz   hoz→‎ hozz   edz→‎ eddz (No change in the short-dform of 2nd-person singular definite:keresd, metszd, hozd, edzd.)
st szt	The-tis removed,the-jassimilates to the-s, -sz:   fest→‎ fess   fáraszt→‎ fárassz Short-dforms:fesd, fáraszd.
long vowel +t or consonant +t	The-jbecomes-s:   segít→‎ segíts   bont→‎ bonts Exceptions:bocsát→ bocsáss,lát→ láss Short-dforms:segítsd, bontsd; lásd, bocsásd.
short vowel +t	Both the stem-final-tand the-jbecome-s:   mutat→ mutass,szeret→ szeress Short-dforms:mutasd, szeresd.

Etymology 2

It can be traced back toProto-Finno-Ugric*-nt.

Suffix

-d

2. (noun-forming suffix)Originally, it was probably a diminutive suffix. In this sense, it is no longer productive. It can be found in place names, given names, and a few other words.

   apró(“tiny”)→apród(“page boy”)

   gyenge(“weak”)→gyengéd(“gentle”)

   Árpád(“a male given name”)

4. (verb-forming suffix)A frequentative suffix or denoting the beginning of a process.

   -dék

   imád

   szenved

6. (fraction-forming suffix)Added to a cardinal number to form a fraction. It is used with a linking vowel, see-ad,-od,-ed,-öd.

   száz(“hundred”)→század(“hundredth”)

Derived terms

Hungarian nouns suffixed with -d

Hungarian adjectives suffixed with -d

Hungarian verbs suffixed with -d

See also

• Category:Hungarian noun forms
• Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes

Lushootseed

Suffix

-d

1. denotes an action performed on someone or something else (transitivesuffix;allows for a directcomplementpatient,creating a patient-oriented verb)

Middle English

Etymology 1

Suffix

-d

1. Alternative form of-th

Etymology 2

Suffix

-d

1. Alternative form of-the(ordinal suffix)

Ojibwe

Final

-d

1. act on

Derived terms

• apakwaadan

See also

• -aad
• -N

References

• The Ojibwe People's Dictionaryhttps://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/d-final

Suffix

-d

1. A suffix denoting thethird-person singularconjunct form of an animate intransitive verb (vai)
2. A suffix denoting thethird-person singularconjunct form of an animate intransitive verb with an object (vai+o)
3. A suffix denoting thethird-person singularconjunct form of a Type 3 inanimate transitive verb (vti3)
4. A suffix denoting thethird-person singulartofirst-person singularconjunct form of a transitive animate verb (vta) with Cw ending

See also

• -ang
• -id
• -k
• -ng
• -ood

Swedish

Suffix

-d

1. Suffix to form thepast participleof weakly inflected verbs, to be used when the corresponding participle belongs with acommonnoun inindefinite singularform.

See also

• -t
• -de