R

See also:Appendix:Variations of "r"

R U+0052,R LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R ←Q [U+0051] Basic Latin S→ [U+0053]

Character variations

Ｒ U+FF32,Ｒ FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R ←Ｑ [U+FF31] Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms Ｓ→ [U+FF33]

Languages (38)

Translingual•English

---

Afar•Afrikaans•Azerbaijani•Basque•Central Franconian•Chinese•Dutch•Esperanto•Estonian•Finnish•German•Hungarian•Ido•Italian•Japanese•Kashubian•Latin•Latvian•Malay•Nupe•Polish•Portuguese•Romani•Romanian•Scottish Gaelic•Silesian•Skolt Sami•Slovene•Somali•Spanish•Tagalog•Turkish•Vietnamese•Welsh•Yoruba•Zulu

---

Page categories

Translingual

Alternative forms

• Ꝛ(archaic,rare)

Etymology

From theEtruscanletter𐌓(r,“er”),from theAncient GreekletterΡ(R,“rho”),derived from thePhoenicianletter𐤓(r,“reš”),from theEgyptianhieroglyph𓁶.

Letter

R(lower caser)

1. The eighteenth letter of thebasic modern Latin Alpha bet.

See also

• (Latin script):AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSſsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz
• (Variations of letter R):ŔŕŘřṘṙŖŗȐȑȒȓṚṛṜṝṞṟɌɍⱤɽᵲᶉɼɾᵳƦʀＲｒ

Symbol

R

1. Abbreviationofronna-.
2. (currency symbol)Rand,national currency of South Africa.
3. (metrology)roentgen
4. (physics)resistance(inelectricity)
5. (organic chemistry)An unspecifiedradical,usually containing a carbon atom that binds to the structure of interest.

   Alcoholshave the generic formulaROH.

6. (genetics)IUPAC1-letter abbreviation for anypurine.
7. (biochemistry)IUPAC1-letter abbreviation forarginine.
8. (linguistics)Awildcardfor arhoticconsonant or aresonant(sonorant).

   synonyms:Sfor a sonorant

9. (linguistics)Awildcardfor arhoticarchiphoneme,such as the conflation of/r/and/ɾ/in certain positions in Spanish.
10. (linguistics)risingtone.

    synonyms: more commonlyLH,or more specificallyLMorMH

11. (finance)Long-termbondcredit ratingbyS&P Global Ratings,indicating that a bond is extremelyspeculativeand possibly indefault,with some prospect ofdebtrecovery.

Gallery

• Letter styles
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase versions ofR,in normal and italic type
• 
  Uppercase and lowercaseRinFraktur

See also

Other representations of R:

English

Etymology 1

From theEtruscanletter𐌓(r,“er”),from theAncient GreekletterΡ(R,“rho”),derived from thePhoenicianletter𐤓(r,“reš”),from theEgyptianhieroglyph𓁶.

Pronunciation

(Name of letter)

• (Received Pronunciation)IPA^(key):/ɑː/

  • Audio(UK):

    (file)

• (General American)enPR:är,IPA^(key):/ɑɹ/

  • Audio(US):

    (file)

• (Ireland)IPA^(key):/ɔːɹ/,/aːɹ/
• (African-American Vernacular)IPA^(key):/ˈɑɹə/
• Rhymes:-ɑː(ɹ)
• Homophones:ah,or,oar,ore,are,our,hour(in various accents)

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser,pluralRsorR's)

1. The eighteenthletterof the EnglishAlpha bet,calledarand written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)letter;Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz

Number

R(upper case,lower caser)

1. Theordinalnumbereighteenth,derived from thisletterof the EnglishAlpha bet,calledarand written in theLatin script.

Etymology 2

Abbreviations

"Elizabeth R", hand ofElizabeth II

Noun

R

1. (entomology)radius
2. (US politics)AbbreviationofRepublican,especially preceding the constituent location.

   R-Texas

   Antonym:D(“Democrat”)

3. (monarchy)rex(“king”)orregina(“queen”);the initial by which a British monarch signs documents after his or her name
4. (handbells)ring
5. (chess)rook
6. (baseball,cricket)runs,the statistic reporting the number ofrunsscored by a player
7. (law)theCrown,the government of a monarchy (abbreviatingrex(“king”)orregina(“queen”))

   The English case ofRv R[1992] AC 599 ruled thatrape can be committed by a husband against his wife.

8. (especially in university catalogs)Thursday
   • 1986,Cornell UniversityCourses of Study,page250:

     Lecs, TR9:05; lab, M T WRor F 1:25—4:25, or M or W 7:30—10:30 p.m.

   • 2000August, M.W. Carter, “A Comprehensive Course Timetabling and Student Scheduling System at theUniversity of Waterloo”,in Edmund Burke, Wilhelm Erben, editors,Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling III,Springer, published2001,→ISBN,page66:

     8:30 MWF (3 x 1 hour)[…]8:30-10 TR(2 x 1.5 hours)

   • 2007,W. Ted Mahavier, “Syllabus forAnalysis”(Lamar Universitycourse syllabus), appendix II.A of Charles A. Coppin et al.,The Moore Method: A Pathway to Learner-Centered Instruction,Mathematical Association of America (2009),→ISBN,page 201:

     Office Hours: MTWRF: 9:00–11:00, 1:30–3:00 or stop by my office anytime.

9. (Philippines)region,in the sense of the regions of the Philippines

Adjective

R

1. (filmcertification)restricted
2. reverse
3. right(as opposed to left)

Proper noun

R

1. (religion)In the context of thedocumentary hypothesis,theRedactor(s) who compiled and edited theTorah.
   • 2006,David Ringo Miano,Shadow on the steps‎^[1](dissertation),UC San Diego,page 5:

     One needs to be careful, however, to distinguish between original P and the work of the later priestly Redactor (R), who edited P and other documents in the postexilic period.

See also

• R-bomb
• R-coloured

Afar

Letter

R

1. The twelfth letter in the Afar Alpha bet.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)Aa,Bb,Tt,Ss,Ee,Cc,Kk,Xx,Ii,Dd,Qq,Rr,Ff,Gg,Oo,Ll,Mm,Nn,Uu,Ww,Hh,Yy

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

• (letter name):IPA^(key):/ɛr/

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser)

1. The eighteenthletterof the AfrikaansAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)letter;Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz

Noun

R(pluralR'e,diminutiveR'etjie)

1. R

Azerbaijani

Letter

Rupper case(lower caser)

1. The twenty-fourthletterof the AzerbaijaniAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)hərf;Aa,Bb,Cc,Çç,Dd,Ee,Əə,Ff,Gg,Ğğ,Hh,Xx,Iı,İi,Jj,Kk,Qq,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Öö,Pp,Rr,Ss,Şş,Tt,Uu,Üü,Vv,Yy,Zz

Basque

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ere/,[e̞.re̞]

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser)

1. The nineteenthletterof the BasqueAlpha bet,callederreand written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)Aa,Bb,Cc(Çç),Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Ññ,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu(Üü),Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz

Central Franconian

Etymology

• /ʀ/is from West Germanic*r.In most dialects it is vowelised in two cases: (1.) between a short vowel and analveolar,(2.) after a long vowel. Especially in the former case it may also be lost entirely.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ʀ/,/ə̯/

Letter

R

1. A letter in the German-based Alpha bet of Central Franconian.
2. A letter in the Dutch-based Alpha bet of Central Franconian.

Usage notes

Doubling of R

• In the German-based spelling,ris doubled after short vowels except in certain function words and when the letter is followed by another consonant within the word stem.
• In the Dutch-based spelling,ris doubled after short vowels if the syllable were otherwise open.

Chinese

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Cantonese(Jyutping):ngaau¹/ aau¹

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping:ngaau¹/ aau¹
    • Yale:ngāau /āau
    • Cantonese Pinyin:ngaau¹/ aau¹
    • Guangdong Romanization:ngao¹/ ao¹
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/ŋaːu̯⁵⁵/, /aːu̯⁵⁵/

Verb

R

1. (Cantonese)Alternative form of𢯎

Etymology 2

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin):àr,à'er(ar⁴)

  (Zhuyin):ㄚˋㄦ, ㄚˋ ˙ㄦ

• Cantonese(Jyutping):aa¹lou⁴/ aau¹/ aau¹lou⁴/ aa¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien,POJ):a

  (Teochew,Peng'im):a⁵

• Wu(Shanghai,Wugniu):¹a

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin:àr
    • Zhuyin:ㄚˋㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin:àr
    • Wade–Giles:a⁴-ʼrh
    • Yale:àr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh:all
    • Palladius:ар(ar)
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/ˀɑɻ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin:à'er
    • Zhuyin:ㄚˋ ˙ㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin:à-e̊r
    • Wade–Giles:a⁴-êrh⁵
    • Yale:à-er
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh:ah.el
    • Palladius:аэр(aer)
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/ˀä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping:aa¹lou⁴/ aau¹/ aau¹lou⁴/ aa¹
    • Yale:ālòuh /āau /āau lòuh /ā
    • Cantonese Pinyin:aa¹lou⁴/ aau¹/ aau¹lou⁴/ aa¹
    • Guangdong Romanization:a¹lou⁴/ ao¹/ ao¹lou⁴/ a¹
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/aː⁵⁵lou̯²¹/, /aːu̯⁵⁵/, /aːu̯⁵⁵lou̯²¹/, /aː⁵⁵/

Note:aa1 - Used by non-rhotic proficient speakers of English, mostly in Hong Kong.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien:Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī:a
    • Tâi-lô:a
    • Phofsit Daibuun:af
    • IPA(Xiamen):/a⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im:a⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:â
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/a⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern:Shanghai)
    • Wugniu:¹a
    • MiniDict:a^Bình
    • Wiktionary Romanisation(Shanghai):¹a
    • SinologicalIPA(Shanghai):/a⁵³/

Letter

R

1. The eighteenth letter of the Latin Alpha bet.

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin):rī,ār(ri¹,ar¹)

  (Zhuyin):ㄖ, ㄚㄦ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese,common)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin:rī
    • Zhuyin:ㄖ
    • Tongyong Pinyin:rih
    • Wade–Giles:jih¹
    • Yale:r̄
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh:rhy
    • Palladius:жи(ži)
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/ʐ̩⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese,official)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin:ār
    • Zhuyin:ㄚㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin:ar
    • Wade–Giles:a¹-ʼrh
    • Yale:ār
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh:al
    • Palladius:ар(ar)
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/ˀɑɻ⁵⁵/

Letter

R

1. The eighteenth letter used inPinyin.

Usage notes

• 《 cách phiên âm Hán ngữ 》 defines a standard pronunciation for each letter. However, these pronunciations are rarely used in education; another pronunciation is commonly used instead.
• The pronunciation above are only used while referring to letters in Pinyin. They are not used in other context (such as English).

Dutch

Pronunciation

• (letter name):IPA^(key):/ɛr/

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

R(capital,lowercaser)

1. the eighteenth letter of the Dutch Alpha bet

See also

• Previous letter:Q
• Next letter:S

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• (letter name):IPA^(key):/ro/
• (phoneme):IPA^(key):/r/

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser)

1. The twenty-firstletterof the EsperantoAlpha bet,calledroand written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)litero;Aa,Bb,Cc,Ĉĉ,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Ĝĝ,Hh,Ĥĥ,Ii,Jj,Ĵĵ,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Rr,Ss,Ŝŝ,Tt,Uu,Ŭŭ,Vv,Zz

Estonian

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser)

1. The eighteenthletterof the EstonianAlpha bet,callederrand written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)täht;Aa,Bb(Cc),Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp(Qq),Rr,Ss,Šš,Zz,Žž,Tt,Uu,Vv(Ww),Õõ,Ää,Öö,Üü(Xx,Yy)

Finnish

Etymology

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. Seethe Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information,andRfor information on the development of the glyph itself.

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser)

1. The eighteenthletterof the FinnishAlpha bet,calledärorerand written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)kirjain;Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss(Šš),Tt,Uu,Vv(Ww),Xx,Yy,Zz(Žž),Åå,Ää,Öö

German

Pronunciation

• (letter name)IPA^(key):/ɛr/,[ʔɛʁ],[ʔɛɐ̯]
• (phoneme)IPA^(key):/r/,[ʁ],[ɾ],[ɐ̯],[ː]

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser)

1. The eighteenth letter of the German Alpha bet.

Usage notes

• The letter R has a variety of possible realisations in contemporary German. Three positions must be distinguished:
  • Before vowels, the variation is mostly between auvularconsonant (fricative,approximant,or rarelytrill) and analveolarconsonant (trill,flap,or rarely approximant). In northern, central, and south-western Germany, the alveolar pronunciation is now rare and chiefly restricted to the elderly generation of some areas. In south-eastern Germany, Austria, Switzerland, andSouth Tyrol,it remains more common; but even in these regions the uvular R is gaining ground and is already strongly predominant in some parts (e.g.Vienna).
  • Word-finally and before consonants, most accents mayvoweliseR to[ɐ̯]~[ə̯],but in different ways. Vowelisation is commonest after long vowels and/ə/,where it is also prescribed in the broadcasting standard. A majority of speakers, however, vowelise R after short vowels, too. The resulting diphthongs may be contracted and length distinctions before vowelised R may be lost. The degree to which this happens differs regionally and idiolectally.
  • Before the syllable-en/ən/,many speakers also vowelise R, though this is commonest in fast or casual speech, and consonantal realisations may be retained depending on the rhythm of the phrase as well as the formality of the context.

Related terms

• Zäpfchen-R,Zäpfchen-r
• Zungenspitzen-R,Zungenspitzen-r

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• (phoneme):IPA^(key):[ˈr]
• (letter name):IPA^(key):[ˈɛrː]

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser)

1. The twenty-ninthletterof the HungarianAlpha bet,callederrand written in theLatin script.

Declension

Inflection (stem in-e-,front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	R	R-ek
accusative	R-et	R-eket
dative	R-nek	R-eknek
instrumental	R-rel	R-ekkel
causal-final	R-ért	R-ekért
translative	R-ré	R-ekké
terminative	R-ig	R-ekig
essive-formal	R-ként	R-ekként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	R-ben	R-ekben
superessive	R-en	R-eken
adessive	R-nél	R-eknél
illative	R-be	R-ekbe
sublative	R-re	R-ekre
allative	R-hez	R-ekhez
elative	R-ből	R-ekből
delative	R-ről	R-ekről
ablative	R-től	R-ektől
non-attributive possessive - singular	R-é	R-eké
non-attributive possessive - plural	R-éi	R-ekéi

Possessive formsofR
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	R-em	R-jeim
2nd person sing.	R-ed	R-jeid
3rd person sing.	R-je	R-jei
1st person plural	R-ünk	R-jeink
2nd person plural	R-etek	R-jeitek
3rd person plural	R-jük	R-jeik

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)betű;Aa,Áá,Bb,Cc,Cscs,Dd,Dzdz,Dzsdzs,Ee,Éé,Ff,Gg,Gygy,Hh,Ii,Íí,Jj,Kk,Ll,Lyly,Mm,Nn,Nyny,Oo,Óó,Öö,Őő,Pp,Rr,Ss,Szsz,Tt,Tyty,Uu,Úú,Üü,Űű,Vv,Zz,Zszs.Only in the extended Alpha bet:QqWwXxYy.Commonly used:ch.Also defined:àë.In surnames (selection):äaaczdseéeöewoeoóthtsÿ.

Ido

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ɾ/

Letter

R(lower caser)

1. The eighteenthletterof the IdoAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)litero;Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz

Italian

Pronunciation

• (letter name)IPA^(key):/ˈɛr.re/
  • Rhymes:-ɛrre
• (phonemic realization)IPA^(key):/r/

Letter

Rform(invariable,upper case,lower caser)

1. The sixteenthletterof the ItalianAlpha bet,callederreand written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)lettera;Aa(Àà),Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee(Éé,Èè),Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii(Íí,Ìì,Îî,Jj,Kk),Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo(Óó,Òò),Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu(Úú,Ùù),Vv(Ww,Xx,Yy),Zz
• Italian Alpha beton Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Japanese

R1 năm 〜R2 năm

Etymology

From the romanization, which begins withR(R).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[ɾe̞ːβ̞a̠]

Proper noun

R(れいわ)•(Reiwa)

1. AbbreviationofLệnh cùng(Reiwa).

Kashubian

Etymology

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin Alpha bet. No earlier script is known. See theKashubian Alpha betarticle on Wikipedia for more, andRfor development of the glyph itself.

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser)

1. The twenty-fifthletterof the KashubianAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)Aa,Ąą,Ãã,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Éé,Ëë,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Łł,Mm,Nn,Oo,Òò,Óó,Ôô,Pp,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Ùù,Ww,Yy,Zz,Żż

Latin

Alternative forms

• R.

Proper noun

R

1. (especially coins)AbbreviationofRoma,Rome.
2. AbbreviationofRomanus,Roman.
3. AbbreviationofRufus.

Noun

R

1. (Catholicism)Abbreviationofresponsorium,responsory, breviary.
2. (Judaism)Abbreviationofrabbī.
   • 1655,Edward Pococke,באב מוסי:PortaMoſis,ſive,diſſertationesaliqvotàR.MoſeMaimonide,main title

Adjective

R(pluralRR)

1. Abbreviationofreverendus,holy, reverend.
2. Abbreviationofreverendissimus,most holy, most reverend.

Derived terms

• RR,RP

References

• RinGaffiot, Félix (1934)Dictionnaire illustré latin-français,Hachette.

Latvian

Etymology

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed byK. Mīlenbahs,which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in GermanFraktur,and sporadically inCyrillic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[ɾ]

Letter

R

R(upper case,lower caser)

1. The twenty-fifthletterof the LatvianAlpha bet,callederand written in theLatin script.

See also

• Letters of the Latvian Alpha bet:

  burti:Aa,Āā,Bb,Cc,Čč,Dd,Ee,Ēē,Ff,Gg,Ģģ,Hh,Ii,Īī,Jj,Kk,Ķķ,Ll,Ļļ,Mm,Nn,Ņņ,Oo,Pp,Rr,Ss,Šš,Tt,Uu,Ūū,Vv,Zz,Žž

Malay

Pronunciation

• (Name of letter)IPA^(key):[ar]
• (Phoneme, Syllable initial)IPA^(key):[r]
• (Phoneme, Syllable final)IPA^(key):[(r)]

Letter

R

1. The eighteenthletterof the MalayAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz

Nupe

Pronunciation

• (phoneme):IPA^(key):/ɾ/

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser)

1. The twentiethletterof the NupeAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)banki;Aa(Áá,Àà),Bb,Cc,Dd,Dzdz,Ee(Éé,Èè),Ff,Gg,Gbgb,Hh,Ii(Íí,Ìì),Jj,Kk,Kpkp,Ll,Mm(Ḿḿ,M̀m̀,M̄m̄),Nn(Ńń,Ǹǹ,N̄n̄),Oo(Óó,Òò),Pp,Rr,Ss,Shsh,Tt,Tsts,Uu(Úú,Ùù),Vv,Ww,Yy,Zz,Zhzh

Polish

Etymology

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin Alpha bet. No earlier script is known. See thehistory of Polish orthographyarticle on Wikipedia for more, andRfor development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈɛr/

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser)

1. The twenty-thirdletterof the PolishAlpha bet,callederand written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)Aa,Ąą,Bb,Cc,Ćć,Dd,Ee,Ęę,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Łł,Mm,Nn,Ńń,Oo,Óó,Pp(Qq),Rr,Ss,Śś,Tt,Uu(Vv),Ww(Xx),Yy,Zz,Źź,Żż

Portuguese

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser)

1. The eighteenthletterof the PortugueseAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)letra;Aa(Áá,Àà,Ââ,Ãã),Bb,Cc(Çç),Dd,Ee(Éé,Êê),Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii(Íí),Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo(Óó,Ôô,Õõ),Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu(Úú),Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz

Romani

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/r/

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser)

1. (International Standard)The twenty-secondletterof the RomaniAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.
2. (Pan-Vlax)The twenty-thirdletterof the RomaniAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Xx,Ii,Jj,Kk,Khkh,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Phph,Rr,Ss,Tt,Thth,Uu,Vv,ZzInternational Standard:(Àà,Ää,Ǎǎ),Ćć,Ćhćh,(Èè,Ëë,Ěě), (Ìì,Ïï,Ǐǐ), (Òò,Öö,Ǒǒ),Rrrr,Śś,(Ùù,Üü,Ǔǔ),Źź,Ʒʒ,Qq,Çç,ϴθ.Pan-Vlax:Čč,Čhčh,Dždž,(Dźdź),Řř,Šš,(Śś),Žž,(Źź).

References

• Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “R, r”, inニューエクスプレスプラス ロマ ( ジプシー ) ngữ[New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published2021,→ISBN,→OCLC,page14

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/r/

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser)

1. The twenty-firstletterof the RomanianAlpha bet,calleder,re,orrîand written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)Aa,Ăă,Ââ,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Îî,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Șș,Tt,Țț,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz

Scottish Gaelic

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser)

1. The fifteenthletterof the Scottish GaelicAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.It is preceded bypand followed bys.Its traditional name isruis(“elder”).

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)litir;Aa(Àà),Bb(Bhbh),Cc(Chch),Dd(Dhdh),Ee(Èè),Ff(Fhfh),Gg(Ghgh),Hh,Ii(Ìì),Ll,Mm(Mhmh),Nn,Oo(Òò),Pp(Phph),Rr,Ss(Shsh),Tt(Thth),Uu(Ùù)
• (diacritics)◌̀
• (obsolete vowels)ÁáÉéÓó

Silesian

Etymology

The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin Alpha bet. No earlier script is known. See theSilesian languagearticle on Wikipedia for more, andRfor development of the glyph itself.

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser)

1. The twenty-fifthletterof the SilesianAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)Aa,Ãã,Bb,Cc,Ćć,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Łł,Mm,Nn,Ńń,Oo,Ŏŏ,Ōō,Ôô,Õõ,Pp,Rr,Ss,Śś,Tt,Uu,Ww,Yy,Zz,Źź,Żż

Skolt Sami

Pronunciation

• (phoneme)IPA^(key):/r/

Letter

R(lower caser)

1. The twenty-seventhletterof the Skolt SamiAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)bukva;Aa,Ââ,Bb,Cc,Čč,Ʒʒ,Ǯǯ,Dd,Đđ,Ee,Ff,Gg,Ǧǧ,Ǥǥ,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ǩǩ,Ll,Mm,Nn,Ŋŋ,Oo,Õõ,Pp,Rr,Ss,Šš,Tt,Uu,Vv,Zz,Žž,Åå,Ää,ʹ

Slovene

Letter

R(capital,lowercaser)

1. The eighteenthletterof the SloveneAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.
2. The twenty-fifthletterof the SloveneAlpha bet(Resian), written in theLatin script.
3. The nineteenthletterof the SloveneAlpha bet(Natisone Valley dialect), written in theLatin script.

Somali

Pronunciation

• (phoneme):IPA^(key):/r/
• (letter name):IPA^(key):/ræ/

Letter

Rupper case(lower caser)

1. The eighthletterof the SomaliAlpha bet,calledraand written in theLatin script.

Usage notes

1. The eighth letter of theSomaliAlpha bet, which followsArabicabjadorder. It is preceded byDand followed byS.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)ʼ,Bb,Tt,Jj,Xx,Khkh,Dd,Rr,Ss,Shsh,Dhdh,Cc,Gg,Ff,Qq,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Ww,Hh,Yy,Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu

Spanish

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser)

1. the 19th letter of the Spanish Alpha bet

Tagalog

Etymology

BorrowedfromSpanishR.Each pronunciation has a different source:

• Filipino Alpha bet pronunciation is influenced byEnglishR.
• Abakada Alpha bet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin characterᜇ(da/ra).
• Abecedario pronunciation is fromSpanishR.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key):/ˈʔaɾ/[ˈʔaɾ](letter name, Filipino Alpha bet)
    • Rhymes:-aɾ
  • IPA^(key):/ˈɾa/[ˈɾa](letter name, Abakada Alpha bet)
    • Rhymes:-a
  • IPA^(key):/ˈʔeɾe/[ˈʔɛː.ɾɛ](letter name, Abecedario)
    • Rhymes:-eɾe
  • IPA^(key):/ɾ/[ɾ](phoneme)

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser,Baybayin spellingᜀᜇ᜔)

1. The twentiethletterof the TagalogAlpha bet(theFilipino Alpha bet), calledarand written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)titik;Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Ññ,Ngng,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser,Baybayin spellingᜇ)

1. The fifteenthletterof the TagalogAlpha bet(theAbakada Alpha bet), calledraand written in theLatin script.

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser,Baybayin spellingᜁᜇᜒ)

1. (historical)The twenty-firstletterof the TagalogAlpha bet(theAbecedario), calledereand written in theLatin script.

Further reading

• “R”,inPambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph,Manila,2018

Turkish

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser)

1. The twenty-firstletterof the TurkishAlpha bet,calledreand written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)harf;Aa(Ââ),Bb,Cc,Çç,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Ğğ,Hh,Iı,İi(Îî),Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Öö,Pp,Rr,Ss,Şş,Tt,Uu(Ûû),Üü,Vv,Yy,Zz

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội)IPA^(key):[ʔɛ˧˧ zəː˨˩],[zəː˨˩]
• (Huế)IPA^(key):[ʔɛ˧˧ ʐəː˦˩],[ʐəː˦˩]
• (Saigon)IPA^(key):[ʔɛ˧˧ ɹəː˨˩],[ɹəː˨˩]
• Phonetic spelling:e rờ, rờ

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser)

1. The twenty-secondletterof the VietnameseAlpha bet,callede-rờorrờand written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Quốc ngữletters)chữ cái;Aa(Àà,Ảả,Ãã,Áá,Ạạ),Ăă(Ằằ,Ẳẳ,Ẵẵ,Ắắ,Ặặ),Ââ(Ầầ,Ẩẩ,Ẫẫ,Ấấ,Ậậ),Bb,Cc(Chch),Dd,Đđ,Ee(Èè,Ẻẻ,Ẽẽ,Éé,Ẹẹ),Êê(Ềề,Ểể,Ễễ,Ếế,Ệệ),Gg(Ghgh,Gigi),Hh,Ii(Ìì,Ỉỉ,Ĩĩ,Íí,Ịị),Kk(Khkh),Ll,Mm,Nn(Ngng,Nghngh,Nhnh),Oo(Òò,Ỏỏ,Õõ,Óó,Ọọ),Ôô(Ồồ,Ổổ,Ỗỗ,Ốố,Ộộ),Ơơ(Ờờ,Ởở,Ỡỡ,Ớớ,Ợợ),Pp(Phph),Qq(Ququ),Rr,Ss,Tt(Thth,Trtr),Uu(Ùù,Ủủ,Ũũ,Úú,Ụụ),Ưư(Ừừ,Ửử,Ữữ,Ứứ,Ựự),Vv,Xx,Yy(Ỳỳ,Ỷỷ,Ỹỹ,Ýý,Ỵỵ)

Welsh

Pronunciation

• (standard)IPA^(key):/ɛr/
  • (informal)IPA^(key):/r/

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser)

1. The twenty-secondletterof the WelshAlpha bet,callederand written in theLatin script.It is preceded byPhand followed byRh.

Mutation

• R cannot be mutated in Welsh.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)llythyren;Aa(Áá,Àà,Ââ,Ää),Bb,Cc,Chch,Dd,Dddd,Ee(Éé,Èè,Êê,Ëë),Ff,Ffff,Gg,Ngng,Hh,Ii(Íí,Ìì,Îî,Ïï),Jj,Ll,Llll,Mm,Nn,Oo(Óó,Òò,Ôô,Öö),Pp,Phph,Rr,Rhrh,Ss,Tt,Thth,Uu(Úú,Ùù,Ûû,Üü),Ww(Ẃẃ,Ẁẁ,Ŵŵ,Ẅẅ),Yy(Ýý,Ỳỳ,Ŷŷ,Ÿÿ)

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “R”,inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online(in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Yoruba

Pronunciation

• (phoneme):IPA^(key):/ɾ/
• (letter name):IPA^(key):/ɾí/

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser)

1. The nineteenthletterof the YorubaAlpha bet,calledríand written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)lẹ́tà;Aa(Áá,Àà,Āā),Bb,Dd,Ee(Éé,Èè,Ēē),Ẹẹ(Ẹ́ẹ́,Ẹ̀ẹ̀,Ẹ̄ẹ̄),Ff,Gg,Gbgb,Hh,Ii(Íí,Ìì,Īī),Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm(Ḿḿ,M̀m̀,M̄m̄),Nn(Ńń,Ǹǹ,N̄n̄),Oo(Óó,Òò,Ōō),Ọọ(Ọ́ọ́,Ọ̀ọ̀,Ọ̄ọ̄),Pp,Rr,Ss,Ṣṣ,Tt,Uu(Úú,Ùù,Ūū),Ww,Yy
• (Benin)(Latin-scriptletters)lɛ́tà;Aa,Bb,Dd,Ee,Ɛɛ,Ff,Gg,Gbgb,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Kpkp,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Ɔɔ,Pp,Rr,Ss,Shsh,Tt,Uu,Ww,Yy

Zulu

Letter

R(upper case,lower caser)

1. The eighteenthletterof the ZuluAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz