Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eHs-

ThisProto-Indo-Europeanentry containsreconstructed terms and roots.As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directlyattested,but are hypothesized to have existed based oncomparativeevidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*h₂eh₁s-^[1]^[2]
*h₂es-^[3]^[4],*ā̆s-^[5]

Etymology

Appears to be suffixed/extended from the root*h₂eh₁-as found inPalaic[script needed](hāri),[script needed](hānta,“to heat up”,intransitive),Proto-Celtic*ā-tis(“furnace, oven”)and PIE*h₂éh₁-tēr(“fire”);^[6]^[7]see also*h₂eh₃-(“to burn, be hot”).Alternatively from*h₂ed-s-with dissimilation; see reconstruction notes.

Root

*h₂eHs-

to bedry,to dry
toburn,toglow
hearth
ashes

Reconstruction

The long-vowel forms reflecting*ās-<*HaHs-have been explained as taken from a reduplicated perfect*h₂e-h₂s-,thus*h₂es-could be original, nicely explaining the short vowels.^[3]^[4]However, the morphological motivation for deriving nouns from such a stem*h₂e-h₂s-is unclear (but cf.*kʷé-kʷl-os,*bʰé-bʰr-us).
On the other hand, Kloekhorst argues thatHittite𒄩𒀀𒀸(ḫāš,“ash”),𒄩𒀸𒊭𒀀𒀸(ḫāššāš,“fireplace, hearth”)(and therefore alsoOld Latināsa(“altar”)and cognates) can only reflect*h₂eh₁s-.^[8]^[9]Beekes interprets this*h₂eh₁s-as dissimilated regularly from*h₂ed-s-in pre-PIE, from the root*h₂ed-as found in Hittite𒄩𒀀𒋾(ḫāti).^[10]To this root, he and Puhvel^[11]addAncient Greekἄζω(ázō),and Kroonen addsProto-Germanic*azgǭ.^[12]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eHs-(18 c, 0 e)

*h₂eHs-eh₁- (dịch) -(stative)^[1]
- Proto-Italic:*āzēō
  - Latin:āreō(“to be dry”)
- Proto-Tocharian:
  - Tocharian B:asāre(“dried up”,verb)^[2]
*h₂éH-mr̥(probably)
*h₂éHs-s(root noun)^[8]
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - Hittite:𒄩𒀀𒀸c(ḫāšš-,“ash(es); dust; soap”)
*h₂eHs-h₂-(“hearth, fireplace”)^[1]
- Anatolian:
  - Hittite:𒄩𒀸𒊭𒀀𒀸c(ḫāššā-,“fireplace, hearth”)^[9]
  - Lycian:𐊜𐊀𐊛𐊀𐊅𐊆c(xahadi-,“altar”)
- Proto-Italic:*āzā(“altar”)
  - Old Latin:āsa
    - Latin:āra(see there for further descendants)
  - Oscan:aasa-(“altar”)
*h₂s-tḗr(“star”)
Unsorted formations:
- Germanic:
  - Proto-Germanic:*asjō^[4]
    - Old High German:essa(“furnace”)
  - Proto-Norse:ᚨᛉᛁᚾᚨ(aʀina,“ash”)
    - Old Norse:arinn(“hearth, fireplace”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:*HáHsas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:*HáHsas
    - Sanskrit:आस(ā́sa,“ashes, dust”)
  - Proto-Iranian:*HáHhah
    - Ormuri:[script needed](yānak,“ash”)< *ās-naka-
    - Persian:آهک(âhak,“lime”)
- Tocharian:
  - Tocharian A:asatär(“dries up”)
  - Tocharian B:osotär(“dries up”)
- Proto-Tocharian:*āstäre(“pure”)(possibly)^[13]
  - Tocharian A:āştär(“pure”)
  - Tocharian B:astare(“pure”)
- Proto-Tocharian:*ās-^[14]
  - Tocharian A:ās-
  - Tocharian B:ās-
enlarged with a dental
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian:հաստեայ(hasteay,“kind of pastry”)(possibly)
  - Old Armenian:ոստին(ostin,“dry”)(possibly)
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Czech:ozditi(“to dry malt”)
  - Old Polish:ozd(“dry malt”)
- Hellenic:
  - >?Ancient Greek:ἄζω(ázō,“to dry”)(or simply from*h₂ed-ye-^[11]^[10])
- Indo-Iranian:
  - Iranian:
    - Khotanese:[script needed](astaucä,“dry land”)
    - →Old Armenian:աստուճ(astuč,“dry (of bread)”)
- Proto-Italic:*assos(“dried, roasted”)
  - Latin:assus(“roasted, baked”)
enlarged with a velar
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian:աճիւն(ačiwn,“ashes”)
  - Old Armenian:ազազիմ(azazim,“to grow dry”)
  - Old Armenian:ասկն(askn,“ruby”)(possibly)
- >?Proto-Germanic:*askǭ(“ash, ashes”)(or from*h₂ed-dʰgʷʰ-?^[12])(see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic:
  - >?Ancient Greek:ἄσβολος(ásbolos,“soot”),ἀσβόλη(asbólē)
- →?Proto-Finnic:*kaski(“swidden”)(see there for further descendants)

References

↑^1.0^1.1^1.2De Vaan, Michiel(2008)Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,pages49, 53, 58f
↑^2.0^2.1Rix, Helmut,editor (2001),Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben[Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag,→ISBN,pages257–258
↑^3.0^3.1Lubotsky A. M. (1985) “The PIE word for ‘dry’”, inZVS‎^[1],volume98,pages1–10
↑^4.0^4.1^4.2Schrijver, Peter C. H.(1991)The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin(Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi,→ISBN,pages53–54
^Pokorny, Julius(1959)Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch[Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag,pages68–69
^Rix, Helmut,editor (2001), “*h₂eh₁-”,inLexikon der indogermanischen Verben[Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag,→ISBN,page257
^Matasović, Ranko(2009) “*āti-”, inEtymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden:Brill,→ISBN,page45
↑^8.0^8.1Kloekhorst, Alwin(2008) “ḫāšš-”, inEtymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,pages318–319:“PIE*h₂éh₁s-s,*h₂éh₁s-m,h₂h₁s-ós”
↑^9.0^9.1Kloekhorst, Alwin(2008) “ḫāššā-”, inEtymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,pages322–323
↑^10.0^10.1Beekes, Robert S. P.(2010) “ἄζω 1”,inEtymological Dictionary of Greek(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series;10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,pages26–27
↑^11.0^11.1Puhvel, Jaan(1991)Hittite Etymological Dictionary(Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 5), volume 3, Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter,page274f
↑^12.0^12.1Guus Kroonen (2013) “*askōn-”, inAlexander Lubotsky,editor,Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series;11)‎^[2],Leiden, Boston:Brill,→ISBN,page38
^Adams, Douglas Q.(2013) “astare”, inA Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged(Leiden Studies in Indo-European;10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi,→ISBN,pages36-37
^Adams, Douglas Q.(2013) “ās-”, inA Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged(Leiden Studies in Indo-European;10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi,→ISBN,page63

Kloekhorst, Alwin(2008)Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,pages371f, 376f
Martirosyan, Hrach(2010)Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages7, 44, 118f
Mallory, J. P.,Adams, D. Q.,editors (1997),Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture,London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers,page170b

[De_Vaan_2008-1] 1.0^1.1^1.2De Vaan, Michiel(2008)Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,pages49, 53, 58f

[LIV-2] 2.0^2.1Rix, Helmut,editor (2001),Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben[Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag,→ISBN,pages257–258

[Lubotsky-3] 3.0^3.1Lubotsky A. M. (1985) “The PIE word for ‘dry’”, inZVS‎^[1],volume98,pages1–10

[Schrijver-4] 4.0^4.1^4.2Schrijver, Peter C. H.(1991)The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin(Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi,→ISBN,pages53–54

[5] Pokorny, Julius(1959)Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch[Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag,pages68–69

[6] Rix, Helmut,editor (2001), “*h₂eh₁-”,inLexikon der indogermanischen Verben[Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag,→ISBN,page257

[7] Matasović, Ranko(2009) “*āti-”, inEtymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden:Brill,→ISBN,page45

[Kloekhorst_1-8] 8.0^8.1Kloekhorst, Alwin(2008) “ḫāšš-”, inEtymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,pages318–319:“PIE*h₂éh₁s-s,*h₂éh₁s-m,h₂h₁s-ós”

[Kloekhorst_2-9] 9.0^9.1Kloekhorst, Alwin(2008) “ḫāššā-”, inEtymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,pages322–323

[Beekes-10] 10.0^10.1Beekes, Robert S. P.(2010) “ἄζω 1”,inEtymological Dictionary of Greek(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series;10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,pages26–27

[Puhvel-11] 11.0^11.1Puhvel, Jaan(1991)Hittite Etymological Dictionary(Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 5), volume 3, Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter,page274f

[Kroonen-12] 12.0^12.1Guus Kroonen (2013) “*askōn-”, inAlexander Lubotsky,editor,Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series;11)‎^[2],Leiden, Boston:Brill,→ISBN,page38

[13] Adams, Douglas Q.(2013) “astare”, inA Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged(Leiden Studies in Indo-European;10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi,→ISBN,pages36-37

[14] Adams, Douglas Q.(2013) “ās-”, inA Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged(Leiden Studies in Indo-European;10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi,→ISBN,page63

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