arithmetic

English

Etymology 1

FromMiddle Englisharsmetike,fromOld Frencharismetique,fromLatinarithmētica,fromAncient Greekἀριθμητική(τέχνη)(arithmētikḗ (tékhnē),“(art of) counting”),feminine ofἀριθμητικός(arithmētikós,“arithmetical”),fromἀριθμός(arithmós,“number, counting”),fromProto-Indo-European*h₂ri-dʰh₁-mó-s,form of*h₂rey-(“to count, reason”).Used in English since 13th century.

Alternative forms

• arsmetrike,arsmetryke,arithmetike(obsolete)

Pronunciation

• Noun
  • (Received Pronunciation,General American)enPR:ərĭth′mətĭk,IPA^(key):/əˈɹɪθmətɪk/

  • Audio(General American):

    (file)

  • Hyphenation:a‧rith‧me‧tic
• Adjective
  • IPA^(key):/ˌæɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/
  • Hyphenation:ar‧ith‧met‧ic

Noun

arithmetic(usuallyuncountable,pluralarithmetics)

1. Themathematicsofnumbers(integers,rational numbers,real numbers,orcomplex numbers) under theoperationsofaddition,subtraction,multiplication,anddivision.
   • 1992,Douglas M. Priest,On Properties of Floating PointArithmetics,University of California, Berkeley,page17:

     Note that all correctly roundingarithmeticssatisfy property A1, as do those with properly truncating addition. All faithful binaryarithmeticsand allarithmeticswith either properly truncating or correctly chopping addition satisfy property A2.

   • 2013July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”,inThe Economist,volume408,number8845:

     [The researchers] noticed many of their pieces of [plastic marine] debris sported surface pits around two microns across.[…]Closer examination showed that some of these pits did, indeed, contain bacteria, and that in several cases these bacteria were dividing and thus, by the perversearithmeticof biological terminology, multiplying.

Hypernyms

• (study):math(US),maths(UK),mathematics

Derived terms

Terms derived from the nounarithmetic

• affine arithmetic
• Alpha metic
• arbitrary-precision arithmetic
• arithmetic bug
• arithmetician
• arithmeticity
• arithmogram
• binary arithmetic
• Boolean arithmetic
• clarithmetic
• clock arithmetic
• congruence arithmetic
• decimal arithmetic
• floating-point arithmetic
• fundamental theorem of arithmetic
• fuzzy arithmetic
• higher arithmetic
• hyperarithmetic
• interval arithmetic
• location arithmetic
• mental arithmetic
• modular arithmetic
• moral arithmetic
• nonarithmetic
• Peano arithmetic
• political arithmetic
• Presburger arithmetic
• Robinson arithmetic
• saturation arithmetic
• significance arithmetic
• universal arithmetic
• vulgar arithmetic

Translations

mathematics of numbers, etc.

• Albanian:aritmetikë(sq)
• Arabic:حساب(ar),العدّ
• Armenian:թվաբանություն(hy)(tʻvabanutʻyun)
• Basque:aritmetika(eu)
• Bulgarian:аритме́тика(bg)f(aritmétika)
• Catalan:aritmètica(ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin:Số học／Số học(zh)(suànshù)

• Czech:aritmetikaf
• Dutch:aritmetica(nl)f,rekenkunde(nl)f
• Esperanto:aritmetiko,kalkularto
• Finnish:aritmetiikka(fi),laskuoppi(fi)
• French:arithmétique(fr)f
• Friulian:aritmetichef
• Galician:aritméticaf
• German:Arithmetik(de)f,Rechenkunst(de)f,Rechenkundef(dated)
• Greek:αριθμητική(el)f(arithmitikí)

  Ancient:ἀριθμητικήf(arithmētikḗ)

• Gujarati:અંકગણિત(aṅkagaṇit)
• Hindi:अंकगणित(hi)(aṅkgaṇit)
• Hungarian:számtan(hu),aritmetika(hu)
• Indonesian:aritmetika(id)
• Inuktitut:ᓈᓴᐅᓯᕆᓂᖅ(naasaosiriniq)
• Irish:uimhríochtf,áireamhm,figiúirímpl
• Italian:aritmetica(it)f
• Japanese:Tính toán(ja)(さんすう,sansū),Tính toán(ja)
• Kannada:ಅಂಕಗಣಿತ(kn)(aṅkagaṇita)
• Kazakh:арифметика(arifmetika)
• Korean:산술( số học )(sansul)
• Latvian:aritmētikaf
• Macedonian:аритметикаf(aritmetika)
• Malayalam:അങ്കഗണിതം(ml)(aṅkagaṇitaṁ)
• Marathi:अंकगणित(mr)n(aṅkagaṇit)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic:арифметик(mn)(arifmetik),тооны бодлого(toony bodlogo)

• Norman:caltchulm(Jersey)
• Norwegian:aritmetikk(no)m
• Occitan:aritmetica(oc)f
• Old English:rimcræft,ġerīmcræft
• Ottoman Turkish:حساب(hisab)
• Persian:حساب(phát)(hesâb),اشمار(ošmâr)
• Polish:arytmetyka(pl)f
• Portuguese:aritmética(pt)f
• Romanian:aritmetică(ro)f
• Russian:арифме́тика(ru)f(arifmétika)
• Spanish:aritmética(es)f
• Swedish:aritmetik(sv)c
• Tagalog:bilnuran,aritmetika
• Tajik:ҳисоб(tg)(hisob)
• Telugu:అంకగణితం(aṅkagaṇitaṁ)
• Thai:เลขคณิต(th)(lek-ka-nit)
• Ukrainian:арифме́тика(uk)f(aryfmétyka),аритме́тикаf(arytmétyka)
• Urdu:حساب(ur)(hisāb)
• Vietnamese:số học(vi)(Toán học)
• Volapük:kalkulav(vo)
• Welsh:rhifyddegf,rhifyddiaethf
• Xhosa:izibaloclass10

Adjective

arithmetic(notcomparable)

1. Increasing or decreasing by anarithmetic progression.

   Coordinate terms:geometric,exponential;parabolic

   Near-synonym:linear

   Growth in the most mature markets is likely to bearithmetic;on what rational basis could one hope for exponential growth there?

Etymology 2

FromFrencharithmétique,fromLatinarithmēticus,fromAncient Greekἀριθμητῐκός(arithmētikós).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation,General American)enPR:ărĭthmĕt'ĭk,IPA^(key):/æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/

• Audio(Southern England):

  (file)

• Hyphenation:arith‧met‧ic

Adjective

arithmetic(notcomparable)

1. (mathematics)Of, relating to, or using arithmetic;arithmetical.

   arithmeticgeometry

   • 2008,Emmanuel Kowalski,The large sieve and its applications: arithmetic geometry, random...,page189:

     Moreover, the latest work of Katz, involving the so-called 'Larsen alternative', provides new criteria, of a veryarithmeticnature, to (almost) determine the rational monodromy group

2. (arithmetic)Of aprogression,mean,etc, computed solely using addition.

   arithmeticprogression

Coordinate terms

• (computed solely using addition):geometric

Derived terms

Terms derived from the adjectivearithmetic

• arithmetically
• arithmetic average
• arithmetic combinatorics
• arithmetic density
• arithmetic function
• arithmetic-geometric mean
• arithmetic geometry
• arithmetic hierarchy
• arithmetic logic unit
• arithmetic mean
• arithmetic operation
• arithmetic operator
• arithmetic progression
• arithmetic sequence
• arithmetic series
• arithmetic spiral

Translations

arithmetical

• Albanian:aritmetik(sq)
• Armenian:թվաբանական(hy)(tʻvabanakan)
• Asturian:aritméticu
• Belarusian:арыфметы́чны(aryfmjetýčny)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin:Số học／Số học(suànshù de)

• Czech:aritmetickým
• Finnish:aritmeettinen(fi)
• French:d’arithmétique,de l’arithmétique
• Friulian:aritmetic
• Galician:aritmético
• German:arithmetisch(de)
• Greek:αριθμητικός(el)m(arithmitikós)
• Hindi:अंकगणितीयn(aṅkagṇitīya)
• Hungarian:számtani(hu)
• Indonesian:aritmetika(id)
• Irish:uimhríochta,uimhríochtúil
• Italian:aritmetico(it)m,aritmetica(it)f
• Kazakh:арифметикалық(arifmetikalyq)
• Latvian:aritmētisks
• Macedonian:аритметичкиm(aritmetički)
• Marathi:अंकगणितीयn(aṅkagṇitīy)
• Norwegian:aritmetisk(no)
• Occitan:aritmetic(oc)
• Polish:arytmetyczny(pl)f
• Portuguese:aritmético(pt)
• Romanian:aritmetic(ro)
• Russian:арифмети́ческий(ru)(arifmetíčeskij)
• Spanish:aritmético(es)
• Swedish:aritmetisk(sv),compounds witharitmetik(sv)c
• Ukrainian:арифмети́чний(uk)(aryfmetýčnyj)
• Volapük:kalkulava(genitive),kalkulav-(in compounds)
• Welsh:rhifyddol

computed solely using addition

• Armenian:թվաբանական(hy)(tʻvabanakan)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin:please add this translation if you can

• Finnish:aritmeettinen(fi)
• French:arithmétique(fr)
• German:arithmetisch(de)
• Hungarian:számtani(hu)
• Macedonian:аритметичкиm(aritmetički)
• Portuguese:aritmético(pt)
• Russian:арифмети́ческий(ru)(arifmetíčeskij)
• Swedish:aritmetisk(sv)

See also

• List of terms used in arithmetic in English