cum

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See also:Appendix:Variations of "cum"

English

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Etymology 1

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Learned borrowingfromLatincum(“with”).

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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cum

  1. Used in indicating a thing or person which has two or more roles, functions, or natures, or a which has changed from one to another.
    He built a bus-cum-greenhouse that made a bold statement, but the plants in it didn't live very long.
    But instead of being a salespersoncumbaristacumwaitress merely serving the wordsmiths, I'm one of them, reading her latest baby out loud.
    • 1926-1950,George Bernard Shaw,Collected Letters: 1926-1950‎[1],University of California/Viking, published1985,page31:
      He is too good an actor to need that sort of tomfoolery: the effect will be far better if he is a credible mining camp elder-cum-publican.
    • 1944May and June, “Notes and News: The Snailbeach District Railway”, inRailway Magazine,page183:
      One driver-cum-fireman-cum-fitter looks after the three locomotives, [...].
    • 2001Nov/Dec, David Sachs, “LET THEM EAT BITS”, inAmerican Spectator,volume34,number 8, page78:
      The banner shows a yellowed silhouette of a boy (possibly Calvin, of Calvin & Hobbes) urinating on an EU flag. Sites such as this show the full power of the Internet as a propaganda mediumcumtravel servicecumorganizing tool. Oh, and nightlife directory.
    • 2023February 5,Kathryn Parsons,“Boom times are back in San Francisco’s tech mecca”, inThe Sunday Times‎[2]:
      Coffee shops-cum-meeting-spots dotted across the city are teeming (Equator, Blue Bottle and Saint Frank). Caffeine-fuelled, lactose-intolerant, macadamia milk latte-drinking young folk are journalling, manifesting, coding, ChatGPT-ing and pitching their ideas.
    • For more quotations using this term, seeCitations:cum.
Usage notes
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Also used in some British place names andcivil parishnames, see table below

Translations
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Translations

Etymology 2

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Variant ofcome,attested (in the basic sense "come, move from further to nearer, arrive" ) since Old English. The sexual sense ofcomeis attested since the 1650s. In this sense and spelling, attested from 1970s.[4]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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cum(uncountable)

  2. (colloquial,oftenvulgar)Semen.
    Synonyms:jizz,(chiefly UK)spunk,(US)spooge,nut,skeet,junk;see alsoThesaurus:semen
    • 1977,John Rechy,The Sexual Outlaw,New York: Dell,→ISBN,page73:
      Jim descends into the murky tunnel; the faint odor ofcumpermeates the air.
    • 1989December 24, Read Weaver, “Queers For Years”, inGay Community News,volume17,number24,page 9:
      Licking a friend'scumoff another friend's belly.
    • 2014,Norm Macdonald Live,season 2, episode 3, spoken by Norm Macdonald:
      This week I learned thatcumtastes like nickels.
  3. (colloquial,oftenvulgar)Female ejaculatory discharge.
  4. (colloquial,oftenvulgar)Anejaculation.
Derived terms
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Translations
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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked: "translations to be checked"

Verb

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cum(third-person singular simple presentcums,present participlecumming,simple pastcameor(nonstandard)cummed,past participlecomeorcumor(nonstandard)cummed)

  1. (slang,oftenvulgar)To have anorgasm,to feel the sensation of anorgasm.
    Synonym:climax
    (Can we add anexamplefor this sense?)
  3. (slang,oftenvulgar)Toejaculate.
    Synonyms:seeThesaurus:ejaculate
    • 1997July 14, “Visits, Conjugal, and Otherwise”, inOz,season 1, episode 2, spoken by Augustus Hill (Harold Perrineau):
      I got no sensation down there, so I don't know when I'm hard, I don't know when Icum.My wife's gotta tell me.
    • 2019,“All Humans Too Late”, inThe Book of Traps and Lessons,performed byKae Tempest:
      Sucking on pork ribs and summoning pornography / So that we cancumwhen we fuck / Our partners don’t know us / Our families are strangers
  4. Eye dialectspelling ofcome(“move from further to nearer; arrive”).
    • 1882,William Makepeace Thayer,From Log-Cabin to White House,page162:
      “Where'd hecumfrom?” the bowman inquired. “That's what we'd like ter know, yer see; where hecumfrom, and how he happen'd tocum,”responded the steersman. “But he's a jolly good feller, strong as a lion,[…]”
Usage notes
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Many style guides and editors recommend the spellingcomefor verb uses (to orgasm/to ejaculate) while strictly allowing the spellingcumfor the noun (semen/female ejaculatory discharge). Both spellings are sometimes found in either the noun or verb sense, however. Others prefer to distinguish in formality, usingcomefor any formal usage andcumonly in slang, erotic or pornographic contexts.[5]

The past tense and past participle variantcummedis used when the verb is felt as a denominal from the noun rather than a specialized sense of the verbcome.

Translations
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Etymology 3

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Adjective

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cum(notcomparable)

  1. Clipping ofcumulative.

Etymology 4

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Noun

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cum(uncountable)

  1. Abbreviationofcubic metre.
    The density of cement is 1440 kg/cum.

References

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  1. ↑1.01.1“cum”,inLexico,Dictionary;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.
  2. ↑2.02.1“cum”,inDictionary Unabridged,Dictionary, LLC,1995–present.
  3. ↑3.03.1“cum”,inMerriam-Webster Online Dictionary,Springfield, Mass.:Merriam-Webster,1996–present.
  4. ^Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “cum”,inOnline Etymology Dictionary.
  5. ^Glossophilia

Anagrams

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Aromanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromVulgar Latin*quomo,fromLatinquōmodo.

Adverb

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cum

  1. how

Conjunction

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cum

  1. how

Eastern Cham

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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cum

  1. tokiss
  2. tosmell(something)

Irish

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Etymology

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FromOld Irishcummaid(“fashions, shapes, composes, determines; makes, creates, devises”),fromcummae(“act of cutting, carving, hacking, destroying, butchering; act of shaping, fashioning, composing; shape, form, appearance”)(compare moderncuma).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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cum(present analyticcumann,future analyticcumfaidh,verbal nouncumadh,past participlecumtha)(transitive,intransitive)

  1. toform(give shape)
  2. tocompose(construct by mental labor; to think up)
  3. toinvent,make up,coin
  4. toconcoct(contrive something using skill or ingenuity)
  5. tomanufacture,fabricate(a story, excuse etc.)

Inflection

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conjugation ofcum(first conjugation– A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present cumaim cumanntú;
cumair† 		cumannsé, sí cumaimid cumannsibh cumannsiad;
cumaid† 		achumann;achumas/
agcumann* 		cumtar
past chummé;chumas chumtú;chumais chumsé, sí chumamar;chummuid chumsibh;chumabhair chumsiad;chumadar achum/
archum* 		cumadh
past habitual chumainn/gcumainn‡‡ chumtá/gcumtᇇ chumadhsé, sí /gcumadhsé, s퇇 chumaimis;chumadhmuid /gcumaimis‡‡;gcumadhmuid‡‡ chumadhsibh /gcumadhsibh‡‡ chumaidís;chumadhsiad /gcumaidís‡‡;gcumadhsiad‡‡ achumadh/
agcumadh* 		chumtaí/gcumta퇇
future cumfaidhmé;
cumfad 		cumfaidhtú;
cumfair† 		cumfaidhsé, sí cumfaimid;
cumfaidhmuid 		cumfaidhsibh cumfaidhsiad;
cumfaid† 		achumfaidh;achumfas/
agcumfaidh* 		cumfar
conditional chumfainn/gcumfainn‡‡ chumfá/gcumfᇇ chumfadhsé, sí /gcumfadhsé, s퇇 chumfaimis;chumfadhmuid /gcumfaimis‡‡;gcumfadhmuid‡‡ chumfadhsibh /gcumfadhsibh‡‡ chumfaidís;chumfadhsiad /gcumfaidís‡‡;gcumfadhsiad‡‡ achumfadh/
agcumfadh* 		chumfaí/gcumfa퇇
subjunctive present gogcumamé;
gogcumad† 		gogcumatú;
gogcumair† 		gogcumasé, sí gogcumaimid;
gogcumamuid 		gogcumasibh gogcumasiad;
gogcumaid† 		— gogcumtar
past dágcumainn dágcumtá dágcumadhsé, sí dágcumaimis;
dágcumadhmuid 		dágcumadhsibh dágcumaidís;
dágcumadhsiad 		— dágcumtaí
imperative cumaim cum cumadhsé, sí cumaimis cumaigí;
cumaidh† 		cumaidís — cumtar
verbal noun cumadh
past participle cumtha

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that triggereclipsis

Mutation

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Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
cum chum gcum
Note:Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

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Latin

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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    FromOld Latincom,fromProto-Italic*kom,fromProto-Indo-European*ḱóm(“next to, at, with, along”).Cognate withProto-Germanic*ga-(“co-”),Proto-Slavic*sъ(n)(“with”),Proto-Germanic*hansō.More atHanse.

    The ablative is from the PIE comitative-instrumental.

    Preposition

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    cum(+ablative)

    1. with,along with
      Tituscumfamiliā habitat.―Titus liveswithhis family.
      magnācumlaude―withgreat praise
    2. at(denoting a point in time with which an action coincides)
      Mīlitēscumprīmā lūce vēnērunt.―The soldiers cameatday-break.
    3. -fold(with ordinal number)
      cumcentesimo efficere―to yield a hundredfold
    Derived terms
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    Descendants
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    • →English:cum
    • Aragonese:con
    • Aromanian:cu
    • Asturian:con,cun,co
    • Corsican:cù,cun
    • Dalmatian:con
    • Emilian:con
    • Friulian:cun,cu
    • Istriot:cun,cu'
    • Italian:con
    • Ladin:con,co,cun
    • Ligurian:con
    • Lombard:cond
    • Megleno-Romanian:cu
    • Mirandese:cun
    • Neapolitan:cu
    • Old Galician-Portuguese:con
      • Fala:con
      • Galician:con
      • Portuguese:com(see there for further descendants)
    • Piedmontese:cun
    • Romagnol:cun
    • Romanian:cu
    • Leonese:cun
    • Romansch:cun
    • Sardinian:chin,cun
    • Sicilian:cu
    • Spanish:con
    • Venetan:co

    Etymology 2

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    FromOld Latinquom,fromProto-Indo-European*kʷóm,accusative of*kʷos,*kʷis.Compare its feminine formquam(as intum-tam).

    Alternative forms

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    Conjunction

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    cum

    1. [withsubjunctive]
      1. (causal)when,after[withimperfectsubjunctiveorpluperfectsubjunctive]
      2. because,since
      3. although
    2. [withindicative]
      1. (temporal)when,while[withpresentindicativeorperfectindicative]
    Usage notes
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    • In the sense ofwhen,if there is no causal link between the verb in the dependent clause and the verb in the main clause (sometimes called an invertedcum-clause, as the 'main action' of the sentence occurs in the dependent clause), the indicative is used rather than the subjunctive.
      Per viam ambulābāmuscumpugnam vīdimus.[not*vīderīmus]
      We were walking through the streetwhenwe saw a fight.
    • Often coupled withtum,such thattum X, cum Ymeans "then X, when Y", andcum X tum Ymeans "not only X but also Y".
      27BCE– 25BCE,Titus Livius,Ab Urbe ConditaI.13:
      movetrescummultitudinemtumduces
      This eventnot onlyshocked the crowdbut alsothe commanders
    Coordinate terms
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    Derived terms
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    References

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    • (preposition)“cum”,inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)A Latin Dictionary,Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • (conjunction)“cum”,inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)A Latin Dictionary,Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “cum”,inCharlton T. Lewis (1891)An Elementary Latin Dictionary,New York: Harper & Brothers
    • cumin Charles du Fresne du Cange’sGlossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis(augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
    • cuminGaffiot, Félix (1934)Dictionnaire illustré latin-français,Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894)Latin Phrase-Book‎[3],London:Macmillan and Co.
      • a storm accompanied by heavy claps of thunder:tempestas cum magno fragore (caeli) tonitribusque(Liv. 1. 16)
      • to have the same boundaries; to be coterminous:continentem esse terraeorcum terra(Fam. 15. 2. 2)
      • at the same moment that, precisely when:eo ipso tempore, cum; tum ipsum, cum
      • occasions arise for..:incidunt tempora, cum
      • I have not seen you for five years:quinque anni suntorsextus annus est, cum te non vidi
      • to live to see the day when..:diem videre, cum...
      • with many tears:multis cum lacrimis
      • with many tears:magno cum fletu
      • so-and-so is in a very satisfactory position; prospers:agitur praeclare, bene cum aliquo
      • under such circumstances:quae cum ita sint
      • to struggle with adversity:conflictari (cum) adversa fortuna
      • to balance a loss by anything:damnum compensare cum aliqua re
      • to form a friendship with any one:amicitiam cum aliquo jungere, facere, inire, contrahere
      • I am on good terms with a person:estorintercedit mihi cum aliquo amicitia
      • I am on bad terms with a person:suntorintercedunt mihi cum aliquo inimicitiae
      • to be bound by the closest ties of friendship:artissimo amicitiae vinculoorsumma familiaritate cum aliquo coniunctum esse
      • to be at enmity with a man:inimicitias gerere, habere, exercere cum aliquo
      • to make a person one's enemy:inimicitias cum aliquo suscipere
      • to reconcile two people; to be a mediator:in gratiam aliquem cum aliquo reducere
      • to be reconciled; to make up a quarrel:in gratiam cum aliquo redire
      • to expostulate with a person about a thing:conqueri, expostulare cum aliquo de aliqua re
      • I heard him say..:ex eo audivi, cum diceret
      • to confuse true with false:vera cum falsis confundere
      • to imbibe error from one's mother's breasts:errorem cum lacte nutricis sugere(Tusc. 3. 1. 2)
      • (1) to communicate one's plans to some one; (2) to make common cause with a person. Similarlyc. causam, rationem:consilia cum aliquo communicare
      • to think over, consider a thing:secum (cum animo) reputare aliquid
      • to think over, consider a thing:considerare in, cum animo, secum aliquid
      • to enjoy close intercourse with... (of master and pupil):multum esse cum aliquo(Fam. 16. 21)
      • to be closely connected with a thing:cohaerere, coniunctum esse cum aliqua re
      • to maintain a controversy with some one:controversiam (contentionem) habere cum aliquo
      • to come to an understanding with a person:transigere aliquid cum aliquo
      • to agree with a person:consentire, idem sentire cum aliquo
      • to disagree with a person:dissentire, dissidere aborcum aliquo
      • to be united by having a common language:eiusdem linguae societate coniunctum esse cum aliquo(De Or. 3. 59. 223)
      • to hold an altercation with a man:verbis concertareoraltercari cum aliquo(B. C. 3. 19. 6)
      • to correspond with some one:colloqui cum aliquo per litteras
      • to my sorrow:cum magno meo dolore
      • my relations with him are most hospitable:mihi cum illo hospitium est, intercedit
      • to become a friend and guest of a person:hospitium cum aliquo facere, (con-)iungere
      • to associate with some one:societatem inire, facere cum aliquo
      • to be always in some one's company:assiduum esse cum aliquo
      • to be on friendly terms with a person:usu, familiaritate, consuetudine coniunctum esse cum aliquo
      • to be on friendly terms with a person:est mihi consuetudo,orusus cum aliquo
      • to be on friendly terms with a person:vivere cum aliquo
      • relations are strained between us:in simultate cum aliquo sum
      • to enter into conversation with some one:sermonem conferre,instituere, ordiri cum aliquo
      • to enter into conversation with some one:se dare in sermonem cum aliquo
      • to converse, talk with a person on a subject:sermonem habere cum aliquo de aliqua re(De Am. 1. 3)
      • to meet a person by arrangement, interview him:congredi cum aliquo
      • to speak personally to..:coram loqui (cum aliquo)
      • to shake hands with a person:dextram iungere cum aliquo, dextras inter se iungere
      • to be married to some one:nuptam esse cum aliquooralicui
      • to separate from, divorce (of the man):divortium facere cum uxore
      • to have business relations with some one:contrahere remornegotium cum aliquo(Cluent. 14. 41)
      • to transact, settle a matter with some one:transigere aliquid (de aliqua re) cum aliquoorinter se
      • to do no business with a man:nihil cum aliquo contrahere
      • to balance accounts with some one:rationes putarecum aliquo
      • to be content with 12 per cent at compound interest:centesimis cum anatocismo contentum esse(Att. 5. 21. 12)
      • to contend with some one for the pre-eminence:contendere cum aliquo de principatu(Nep. Arist. 1)
      • to submit a formal proposition to the people:agere cum populo(Leg. 3. 4. 10)
      • to be on a person's side (notab alicuius partibus):ab (cum) aliquo stare(Brut. 79. 273)
      • to take some one's side:cum aliquo facere(Sull. 13. 36)
      • to conspire with some one:conspirare cum aliquo (contra aliquem)
      • to have unlimited power; to be invested withimperium:cum imperio esse(cf. XVI. 3)
      • to go to law with a person:(ex) iure, lege agere cum aliquo
      • to proceed against some one with the utmost rigour of the law; to strain the law in one's favour:summo iure agere cum aliquo(cf.summum ius, summa iniuria)
      • to live with some one on an equal footing:aequo iure vivere cum aliquo
      • to isolate a witness:aliquem a ceteris separare et in arcam conicere ne quis cum eo colloqui possit(Mil. 22. 60)
      • to join forces with some one:copias (arma) cum aliquo iungereorse cum aliquo iungere
      • to hold a high command:cum imperio esse
      • to be armed:cum telo esse
      • to begin a war with some one:bellum cum aliquo inire
      • to make war on a person:bellum gerere cum aliquo
      • to advance with the army:procedere cum exercitu
      • with wife and child:cum uxoribus et liberis
      • to come to close quarters:manum (us) conserere cum hoste
      • to come to close quarters:signa conferre cum hoste
      • to fight a pitched, orderly battle with an enemy:iusto(opp.tumultuario)proelio confligere cum hoste(Liv. 35. 4)
      • a hand-to-hand engagement ensued:tum pes cum pede collatus est(Liv. 28. 2)
      • with great loss:magno cum detrimento
      • to treat with some one about peace:agere cum aliquo de pace
      • to make peace with some one:pacem facere cum aliquo
      • to conclude a treaty with some one:pactionem facere cum aliquo(Sall. Iug. 40)
      • to conclude a treaty, an alliance:foedus facere (cum aliquo), icere, ferire
      • allow me to say:bona (cum) venia tua dixerim
      • putting aside, except:cum discessi, -eris, -eritis ab

    Linngithigh

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    Linngithigh cardinal numbers
    < 2 3 4 >
    Cardinal:cum
    Adverbial:cumodh

    Numeral

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    cum

    1. three

    Manx

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    Etymology 1

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    FromOld Irishcon·gaib.Cognate withIrishcoinnighandScottish Gaeliccum.

    Verb

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    cum(verbal nouncummal)

    1. grip,hold
    2. keep,arrest,retain
    3. contain
    4. live,inhabit
    5. celebrate

    Etymology 2

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    FromMiddle Irishcummaid,a denominative verb fromcumma,itself fromOld Irishcummae(“shape, form, appearance”).

    Verb

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    cum(verbal nouncummey)

    1. plan,devise
    2. fabricate,shape,mould
    3. indite

    Mutation

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    Manx mutation
    Radical Lenition Eclipsis
    cum chum gum
    Note:Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
    possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

    Old English

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    cum

    1. singularimperativeofcuman

    Old French

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    Conjunction

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    cum

    1. Alternative form ofcome(“as, like”)

    Old Irish

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    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    ·cum

    1. Alternative form of·cumai,[1]third-personsingularpresentsubjunctiveprototonicofcon·icc

    Mutation

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    Old Irish mutation
    Radical Lenition Nasalization
    ·cum ·chum ·cum
    pronounced with/-ɡ(ʲ)-/
    Note:Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
    possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

    References

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    1. ^McCone, Kim (1997)The Early Irish Verb(Maynooth Monographs 1), 2nd edition, Maynooth: An Sagart,→ISBN,page34:“This process favoured the type without final unstressed vowel, whence-cumalongside-cumai (con:ic)”

    Portuguese

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    Pronunciation

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    • Hyphenation:cum

    Etymology 1

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    From contraction of prepositioncom(“with”)+ masculine articleum(“a”).CompareGaliciancun.

    Contraction

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    cummsg(masculine pluralcuns,feminine singularcuma,feminine pluralcumas)

    1. (Portugal,informal)Contraction ofcomum(“with a”).

    Etymology 2

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    Preposition

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    cum

    1. (Brazil,Internetslang)Eye dialectspelling ofcom.
    Quotations
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    For quotations using this term, seeCitations:cum.

    Further reading

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    Rohingya

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    Etymology

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    FromSanskritचुम्ब(cumba).

    Noun

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    cum

    1. kiss

    Romanian

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    InheritedfromLate Latinquomo,fromLatinquōmodo.

    Pronunciation

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    Adverb

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    cum

    1. (interrogative or negative)how
      Cumți-ar plăcea cafeaua?
      Howwould you like your coffee?

    Conjunction

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    cum

    1. how
    2. as,since,seeing that
    3. (informal)Synonym ofde cum(“as soon as”)

    Usage notes

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    Sense 2 is low-pitched or unstressed, while sense 3 is high-pitched or stressed.

    Derived terms

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    References

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    Scots

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    Etymology

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    FromMiddle Englishcumen,variant ofcomen,fromOld Englishcuman.Cognate withEnglishcomeandYolacoome.

    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    cum

    1. tocome

    References

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    Scottish Gaelic

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    FromOld Irishcon·gaib.Cognate withIrishcoinnighandManxcum.

    Verb

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    cum(pastchum,futurecumaidh,verbal nouncumailorcumadh,past participlecumta)

    1. Alternative form ofcùm(“keep”)

    Etymology 2

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    FromOld Irishcummaid(“to fashion, makes”),fromcummae(“act of cutting, shaping”),verbal noun ofcon·ben.

    Verb

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    cum(pastchum,futurecumaidh,verbal nouncumadh,past participlecumta)

    1. shape,form

    Mutation

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    Scottish Gaelic mutation
    Radical Lenition
    cum chum
    Note:Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

    Yola

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    Verb

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    cum

    1. Alternative form ofcoome
      • 1867,“DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, inAPPENDIX:
        Fad didn'st thoucumt' ouz on zum other dey?
        [Why didn't youcometo us on some other day?]

    References

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    • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland,London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page131
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=cum&oldid=82568819"