drug

English

Pronunciation

• (UK,US)IPA^(key):/dɹʌɡ/,[d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷʌɡ]

• Audio(US):

  (file)

• Audio(UK):

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ʌɡ

Etymology 1

FromMiddle Englishdrogge(“medicine”),fromOld Frenchdrogue,drocque(“tincture, pharmaceutical product”),fromMiddle DutchorMiddle Low Germandroge,as indrogevate(“dry vats, dry barrels”),mistakingdrogefor the contents, which were usually dried herbs, plants or wares.Drogecomes fromMiddle Dutchdrōghe(“dry”),fromOld Dutchdrōgi(“dry”),fromProto-Germanic*draugiz(“dry, hard”),ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*dʰrewgʰ-(“to strengthen; become hard or solid”),from*dʰer-(“to hold, hold fast, support”).Cognate withEnglishdry,Dutchdroog(“dry”),Germantrocken(“dry”).

Noun

drug(pluraldrugs)

1. (pharmacology)Asubstanceused to treat anillness,relieve asymptom,or modify achemicalprocessin thebodyfor a specific purpose.

   Synonyms:seeThesaurus:pharmaceutical

   Aspirin is adrugthat reduces pain, acts against inflammation and lowers body temperature.

   The revenues from both brand-namedrugsand genericdrugshave increased.

   • 1667,John Milton,“Book II”, inParadise Lost.[…],London:[…][Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker[…];[a]nd by Robert Boulter[…];[a]nd Matthias Walker,[…],→OCLC;republished asParadise Lost in Ten Books:[…],London: Basil Montagu Pickering[…],1873,→OCLC:

     whence merchants bring their spicydrugs

2. Apsychoactivesubstance,especially one which isillegalandaddictive,ingestedforrecreationaluse, such ascocaine.

   Synonyms:seeThesaurus:recreational drug

   We tookdrugsand partied all night.

   They're ondrugs.

   She used to be adrugaddict.

   • 1971,Hunter S. Thompson,Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas,Harper Perennial, published2005,page 3:

     We were somewhere around Barstow on the edge of the desert when thedrugsbegan to take hold.

   • March 1991,unknown student, "Antihero opinion",SPIN,page 70

     You have a twelve-year-old kid being told from the time he's like five years old that alldrugsare bad, they're going to screw you up, don't try them. Just say no. Then they try pot.

   • 2005,Thomas Brent Andrews,The Pot Plan: Louie B. Stumblin and the War on Drugs,Chronic Discontent Books,→ISBN,page19:

     The only thing working against the poorDrugAbuse Resistance Officer is high-school students.... He'd offer his simple lesson:Drugsare bad, people who usedrugsare bad, and abstinence is the only answer.

3. Anything, such as asubstance,emotion,oraction,to which one isaddicted.
   • 2005,Jack Haas,Om, Baby!: a Pilgrimage to the Eternal Self,page 8:

     Inspiration is mydrug.Such things as spirituality, booze, travel, psychedelics, contemplation, music, dance, laughter, wilderness, and ribaldry — these have simply been the different forms of thedrugof inspiration for which I have had great need[…]

   • 2009,Niki Flynn,Dances with Werewolves,page 8:

     Fear was mydrugof choice. I thrived on scary movies, ghost stories and rollercoasters. I dreamed of playing the last girl left alive in a slasher film — the one who screams herself hoarse as she discovers her friends' bodies one by one.

   • 2010,Kesha Rose Sebert (Ke$ha), with Pebe Sebert and Joshua Coleman (Ammo),Your Love is MyDrug
   • 2011,Joslyn Shy,Introducing the Truth,page 5:

     The truth is...eating is mydrug.When I am upset, I eat...when I am sad, I eat...when I am happy, I eat.

4. Anycommoditythat lies on hand, or is notsalable;an article of slow sale, or in nodemand.
   • 1685,John Dryden,Albion and Albanius:

     And virtue shall adrugbecome.

   • 1742,Henry Fielding,“A Pleasant Discourse between the Two Parsons and the Bookseller,[…]”,inThe History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews, and of His Friend Mr. Abraham Adams.[…],volume I, London:[…]A[ndrew]Millar,[…],→OCLC,book I,page117:

     […]Sermons are mereDrugs.The Trade is ſo vaſtly ſtocked vvith them, that really unleſs they come out vvith the Name ofVVhitfield[i.e,George Whitefield] orVVeſtley[John Wesley], or ſome other ſuch great Man, as a Biſhop, or thoſe ſort of People, I don't care to touch,[…]

5. (Canada,US,informal)Short fordrugstore.
   • 1980,Stephen King,The Mist:

     “I’ll go this far,” I answered him. “We’ll try going over to thedrug.You, me, Ollie if he wants to go, one or two others. Then we’ll talk it over again.”

Derived terms

terms derived fromdrug(noun)

• antidrug
• blockbuster drug
• club drug
• combination drug
• controlled drug
• counterdrug
• date rape drug
• designer drug
• dissociative drug
• do drugs
• drug abuse
• drug abuser
• drug addict
• drug addiction
• drug-addled
• drug baron
• drug cartel
• drug challenge
• drug deal
• drug dealer
• drug-dealer
• drug den
• drug dog
• drug driving
• drug fiend
• drug-fiend
• drug-free
• drugfree
• druggie
• druggist
• druggy
• drug holiday
• drug house
• drug in the market
• drug lab
• drugless
• druglord
• drug lord
• druglore
• drugmaker
• drug naive
• drug-naïve
• drug naïve
• drug-naive
• drug of choice
• drug of last resort
• drug on the market
• drug problem
• drug pusher
• drug-ridden
• drug ring
• drug rug
• drug run
• drug runner
• drug running
• drug store
• drugstore
• drugtaker
• drugtaking
• drug test
• drug trafficker
• drug trafficking
• drug use
• drug user
• drug withdrawal
• drug wormseed
• fertility drug
• gateway drug
• hard drug
• hard drug
• lifestyle drug
• look what the cat drug in
• love drug
• miracle drug
• multidrug
• nondrug
• nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
• orphan drug
• parent drug
• polydrug
• postdrug
• prescription drug
• prodrug
• recreational drug
• sex drug
• small molecule drug
• smart drug
• soft drug
• street drug
• sulfa drug
• truth drug
• wonder drug
• wonderdrug
• Z-drug

Collocations

Adjectives often used with "drug"

• dangerous, illicit, illegal, psychoactive, generic, hard, veterinary, recreational

Translations

substance used as a medical treatment—see alsomedicine

• Arabic:عَقَّار(ar)m(ʕaqqār)
• Bulgarian:лека́рство(bg)n(lekárstvo)
• Catalan:fàrmac(ca)m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin:Dược／Dược(zh)(yào),Dược liệu／Dược liệu(zh)(yàocái),Dược vật／Dược vật(zh)(yàowù),Dược phẩm／Dược phẩm(zh)(yàopǐn)

• Corsican:drugaf
• Danish:drogec
• Dutch:geneesmiddel(nl)n,medicijn(nl)n
• Finnish:lääke(fi)
• French:drogue(fr)f
• German:Arznei(de)f,Droge(de)f,Medikament(de)n
• Greek:φάρμακο(el)n(fármako)

  Ancient:φάρμακονn(phármakon)

• Hebrew:סַם(he)m(sam)
• Hungarian:gyógyszer(hu),orvosság(hu)
• Irish:drugam
• Japanese:Dược(ja)(くすり, kusuri),Y dược phẩm(ja)(いやくひん, iyakuhin),Dược 剤(ja)(やくざい, yakuzai)
• Maori:pūroi
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål:drogem

  Nynorsk:drogemorf

• Ojibwe:mashkiki
• Ottoman Turkish:علاج(ʿilac)
• Russian:лека́рство(ru)n(lekárstvo)
• Sanskrit:औषध(sa)n(auṣadha),भेषज(sa)n(bheṣaja),अगद(sa)m(agada)
• Spanish:droga(es)f,fármaco(es)m
• Swahili:dawa(sw),dawa ya famasia
• Swedish:drog(sv)c

psychoactive substance ingested for recreational use, especially illegal and addictive one

• Albanian:narkotik(sq)m,drogë(sq)f(indefinite),drogaf(definite)
• Antillean Creole:dwòg
• Apache:

  Western Apache:izeeʼ dénchǫʼí

• Arabic:مُخَدِّرm(muḵaddir)
• Armenian:թմրամիջոց(hy)(tʻmramiǰocʻ),նարկոտիկ(hy)(narkotik)
• Aromanian:droagãf(indefinite),droagaf(definite),drogãfdroghef(indefinite),droga(definite)
• Azerbaijani:narkotik
• Belarusian:нарко́тыкm(narkótyk)
• Bengali:নেশা(bn)(neśa)
• Bulgarian:дро́гаf(dróga),наркоти́к(bg)m(narkotík)
• Burmese:ဆေး(my)(hce:)
• Catalan:droga(ca)f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin:Ma túy(zh)(dúpǐn),Gây tê phẩm(mázuìpǐn),Gây tê(zh)(mázuì),Thuốc tê／Thuốc tê(zh)(máyào),Thuốc mê／Thuốc mê(zh)(mázuìjì)

• Corsican:drogaf
• Czech:droga(cs)f
• Danish:stof(da)n,rusmiddeln,narkon,narkotikumn
• Dutch:drug(nl)m
• Esperanto:drogo
• Estonian:uimasti,narkootikum
• Finnish:huume(fi),huumausaine(fi)
• French:drogue(fr)f
• Georgian:ნარკოტიკი(narḳoṭiḳi)
• German:Droge(de)f,Rauschgift(de)n,Rauschmittel(de)n,Betäubungsmittel(de)n(officialese)
• Greek:ναρκωτικό(el)n(narkotikó)
• Hebrew:סַם(he)m(sam)
• Hindi:मादक(hi)(mādak),नशा(hi)m(naśā)
• Hungarian:drog(hu),kábítószer(hu)
• Icelandic:eiturlyfn,fíkniefni(is)n
• Indonesian:narkoba,narkotik(id)
• Irish:drugam
• Italian:droga(it)f,stupefacente(it)
• Japanese:Ma dược(ja)(まやく, mayaku),Dược vật(ja)
• Kazakh:еліткіш(elıtkış),есірткі(esırtkı),есірткіш(kk)(esırtkış),наша(naşa)
• Khmer:ថ្នាំញៀន(thnam ñiən),គ្រឿងញៀន(krɨəng ñiən)
• Korean:마약( thuốc tê )(ko)(mayak)
• Kyrgyz:наркотик(narkotik),баңгизат(baŋgizat)
• Lao:ຢາເສບຕິດ(yā sēp tit)
• Latvian:narkotikaf
• Lithuanian:narkotikasm
• Macedonian:дрогаf(droga),наркотикm(narkotik)
• Malay:narkotik
• Malayalam:മയക്കുമരുന്ന്(mayakkumarunnŭ)
• Maori:whakapōauau,pōau
• Mongolian:бодис(mn)(bodis),наркотик(narkotik),мансууруулахбодис(mansuuruulax bodis)
• Nepali:मादक(ne)(mādak)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål:narkotikumn,rusmiddel(no)n

  Nynorsk:narkotikumn

• Occitan:dròga(oc)f
• Pashto:مخدرm(muxadér)
• Persian:مخدر(phát)(moxadder)
• Polish:narkotyk(pl)m,drag(pl)m
• Portuguese:droga(pt)f,narcótico(pt)m
• Romanian:drog(ro)n,narcoticăf
• Russian:нарко́тик(ru)m(narkótik),наркота́(ru)f(narkotá)(slang),дурь(ru)f(durʹ)(slang)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic:дро́гаf,нарко̀тикm

  Roman:dróga(sh)f,narkòtik(sh)m

• Slovak:droga(sk)f
• Slovene:droga(sl)f
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian:drogaf

• Spanish:droga(es)f,narcótico(es)m
• Swahili:dawa ya kulevya
• Swedish:drog(sv)c,knark(sv)n,narkotika(sv)c
• Tagalog:droga(tl)
• Tajik:мухаддир(muxaddir),анвои нашъа(anvo-yi našʾa)
• Thai:ยาเสพติด(yaa- sắc ep-dtìt)
• Turkish:uyuşturucu(tr),narkotik(tr)
• Ukrainian:нарко́тикm(narkótyk)
• Urdu:مادکm(mādak),نشہm(naśā),مخدر(muxaddir)
• Uyghur:ناركوتىك(narkotik)
• Uzbek:narkotik(uz),tinchlantiruvchi
• Vietnamese:ma túy(vi)
• Welsh:cyffur(cy)m
• West Frisian:drug
• Yiddish:נאַרקאָטיקm(narkotik)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Danish:^{(pleaseverify)}rusmiddel,^{(pleaseverify)}narkotikum,^{(pleaseverify)}narko,^{(pleaseverify)}narkotika
• Italian:^{(pleaseverify)}droga(it)f,^{(pleaseverify)}narcotico(it)m
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish:^{(pleaseverify)}tilyak(ku)f,^{(pleaseverify)}narkotîk(ku)f

• Malagasy:^{(pleaseverify)}zava-mahadomelona
• Malay:^{(pleaseverify)}dadah(ms)
• Persian:^{(pleaseverify)}دارو(phát)(dâru)
• Slovak:^{(pleaseverify)}narkotikum(sk)n
• Telugu:^{(pleaseverify)}మత్తుమందు(te)(mattumandu)
• Turkish:^{(pleaseverify)}drog(tr)

Verb

drug(third-person singular simple presentdrugs,present participledrugging,simple past and past participledrugged)

1. (transitive)To administer intoxicating drugs to, generally without the recipient's knowledge or consent.

   She suddenly felt strange, and only then realized she'd beendrugged.

2. (transitive)To add intoxicating drugs to with the intention of drugging someone.

   She suddenly felt strange. She realized her drink must have beendrugged.

3. (intransitive)To prescribe or administer drugs or medicines.
   • 1610(first performance),Ben[jamin] Jonson,The Alchemist,London:[…]Thomas Snodham,forWalter Burre,and are to be sold by Iohn Stepneth,[…],published1612,→OCLC;reprinted Menston, Yorkshire: The Scolar Press,1970,→OCLC,(please specify the GB page),(please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     Past all the doses of yourdruggingdoctors

Translations

to administer intoxicating drugs

• Bulgarian:дрогирам се(drogiram se),взимам наркотици(vzimam narkotici)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin:Hạ độc(zh)(xiàdú)

• Czech:fetovat(cs)impf,zdrogovat sepf
• Dutch:drogeren(nl)
• Finnish:huumata(fi)
• French:droguer(fr)
• Galician:drogar(gl)
• Greek:ναρκώνω(el)(narkóno)
• Hebrew:לסמם(lesamém)
• Ido:narkotigar(io)
• Lithuanian:narkošintisimpf,kaifuotiimpf,vartoti narkotikus,sėsti ant adatos
• Polish:ćpać(pl)impf,naćpać siępf,narkotyzować się(pl)impf,szprycowaćimpf,naszprycowaćpf
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic:дроги́рати се

  Roman:drogírati se(sh)

• Spanish:drogar(es),endrogar(es)
• Swedish:droga(sv)

to add intoxicating drugs to something

• Chinese:

  Mandarin:please add this translation if you can

• Dutch:drogeren(nl)
• Finnish:laittaahuumausainetta(+ illative)
• Greek:βάζωναρκωτικό(vázo narkotikó)
• Italian:drogare(it)

to prescribe or administer medicines

• Chinese:

  Mandarin:please add this translation if you can

• Dutch:please add this translation if you can
• Finnish:lääkitä(fi)

Etymology 2

Germanicablautformation. If old, a doublet ofdrew,fromMiddle Englishdrug,drog,drugh,drogh,fromOld Englishdrōg,fromProto-Germanic*drōg;compareDutchdroeg,Germantrug,Swedishdrog.If secondary, probably formed by analogy withhang.

Verb

drug

1. (dialectal)simplepastandpastparticipleofdrag

   You look like someonedrugyou behind a horse for half a mile.

   look what the catdrugin

   • 1961,Kurt Vonnegut,Harrison Bergeron:

     […]their faces were masked, so that no one, seeing a free and graceful gesture or a pretty face, would feel like something the catdrugin.

   • 2005,Diane Wilson,An Unreasonable Woman: A True Story of Shrimpers,→ISBN,page193:

     When Blackburn called, Idrugthe telephone cord twenty feet out of the office and sat on the cord while I talked with him.

   • 2009August 13, Tom Armstrong,Marvin(comic):

     It's about time youdrugit home, Jeff!

Usage notes

• Random House says thatdrugis "nonstandard" as the past tense ofdrag.Merriam-Webster once ruled thatdrugin this construction was "illiterate" but have since upgraded it to "dialect". The lexicographers of New World, American Heritage, and Oxford make no mention of this sense.

Etymology 3

Noun

drug(pluraldrugs)

1. (obsolete)Adrudge.
   • c.1605–1608,William Shakespeare, “The Life of Tymon of Athens”,inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies[…](First Folio), London:[…]Isaac Iaggard,andEd[ward]Blount,published1623,→OCLC,[Act IV, scene iii]:

     Hadst thou, like us from our first swath, proceeded / The sweet degrees that this brief world affords / To such as may the passivedrugsof it / Freely command, thou wouldst have plunged thyself / In general riot

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed fromEnglishdrug.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/drʏɡ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation:drug

Noun

drugm(pluraldrugs)

1. (chiefly plural,which see)arecreationaldrug,psychoactivesubstance, especially whenillegalandaddictive

Old Polish

Etymology

InheritedfromProto-Slavic*drȗgъ.First attested in the fifteenth century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):(10^th–15^thCE)/druːk/
• IPA^(key):(15^thCE)/druk/

Noun

drugmanimacy unattested

1. (attested inLesser Poland)friend

   Synonym:przyjaciel

   Antonym:wróg

   • 1930[c.1455], “Tob”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor,Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎^[1],7, 7:

     Bødz tobye poszegnanye, sinu moy myly, bo gesz dobregodrugaa czsnego møza sin (boni et optimi viri filius es)

     [Bądź tobie pożegnanie, synu moj miły, bo jeś dobregodrugaa csnego męża syn (boni et optimi viri filius es)]

   • 1907[c.1470],Jakub Parkoszowic,edited byJan Łoś,Traktat o ortografii polskiej‎^[2],Żurawica, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship,Krakow,page401:

     Omnes... vocales modo longantur, modo patulo breviantur. Ex quarum longacione et breviacione diversus consurgit sensus diccionum... Exemplum de u: druga,druug

     [Omnes... vocales modo longantur, modo patulo breviantur. Ex quarum longacione et breviacione diversus consurgit sensus diccionum... Exemplum de u: druga,drug]

Related terms

nouns

• drużba
• drużyna

adjectives

• drugi
• drużny

Descendants

• Polish:drug

References

• B. Sieradzka-Baziur,Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “drug”,inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego[Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN

Romanian

Etymology

BorrowedfromSerbo-Croatiandruga.

Noun

drugm(pluraldrugi)

1. pole,stick

Declension

Declension ofdrug

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un)drug	drugul	(niște)drugi	drugii
genitive/dative	(unui)drug	drugului	(unor)drugi	drugilor
vocative	drugule		drugilor

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

InheritedfromProto-Slavic*drugъ,fromProto-Balto-Slavic*draugás,fromProto-Indo-European*dʰrewgʰ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/drûːɡ/

Noun

drȗgm(Cyrillic spellingдру̑г)

1. (Bosnia,Serbia,Montenegro)friend

   Synonyms:prijatelj,drugar,(slang, Croatia)frend

2. (dated)comrade(commonly used in parts of FormerYugoslaviaamong coworkers or friends)

   Synonym:drugar

Declension

Declension ofdrug

	singular	plural
nominative	drȗg	drȕgovi / drȗzi
genitive	druga	drugova / druga
dative	drugu	drugovima / druzima
accusative	druga	drugove / druge
vocative	drȗže	drugovi / druzi
locative	drugu	drugovima / druzima
instrumental	drugom	drugovima / druzima

Derived terms

• drúga
• drùgār
• drugòvati
• drùškan
• drúštven
• drúštvo
• društvoslovlje
• drùžba
• drȕžbenīk
• druželjùbiv
• druželjùbivo
• druželjùbivost
• drùžica
• drùžina
• drúžiti

Related terms

• drugàrica
• drúga
• drùžica

Further reading

• “drug”inHrvatski jezični portal

Slovene

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/drúːk/

Adjective

drȗg(notcomparable)

1. other,another,different

Inflection

Thediacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal.If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Hard
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nom. sing.	drúg	drúga	drúgo
singular
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	drúgind drúgidef	drúga	drúgo
genitive	drúgega	drúge	drúgega
dative	drúgemu	drúgi	drúgemu
accusative	nominativeinanor genitiveanim	drúgo	drúgo
locative	drúgem	drúgi	drúgem
instrumental	drúgim	drúgo	drúgim
dual
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	drúga	drúgi	drúgi
genitive	drúgih	drúgih	drúgih
dative	drúgima	drúgima	drúgima
accusative	drúga	drúgi	drúgi
locative	drúgih	drúgih	drúgih
instrumental	drúgima	drúgima	drúgima
plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	drúgi	drúge	drúga
genitive	drúgih	drúgih	drúgih
dative	drúgim	drúgim	drúgim
accusative	drúge	drúge	drúga
locative	drúgih	drúgih	drúgih
instrumental	drúgimi	drúgimi	drúgimi

See also

• drúgi

Further reading

• “drug”,inSlovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU,portal Fran