elles

See also:êllesandellēs

Asturian

Etymology

FromLatinillās,accusative feminine plural ofille.

Pronoun

ellesfpl

1. they(female)

Catalan

Etymology

InheritedfromLatinillās,accusative feminine plural ofille.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):(Central,Balearic)[ˈe.ʎəs]
• IPA^(key):(Valencia)[ˈe.ʎes]

Pronoun

elles

1. they(feminine)

See also

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

	strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
singular		proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
1st person	jo,mi3	em,m’	-me,’m	em,m’	-me,’m	meu
1st personmajestic1	nós	ens	-nos,’ns	ens	-nos,’ns	nostre
2nd person	tu	et,t’	-te,’t	et,t’	-te,’t	teu
2nd personformal1	vós	us	-vos,-us	us	-vos,-us	vostre
2nd personveryformal2	vostè	el,l’	-lo,’l	li	-li	seu
3rd personmasculine	ell	el,l’	-lo,’l	li	-li	seu
3rd personfeminine	ella	la,l’4	-la	li	-li	seu
3rd personneuter		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
3rd personreflexive	si	es,s’	-se,’s	es,s’	-se,’s	seu
plural
1st person	nosaltres	ens	-nos,’ns	ens	-nos,’ns	nostre
2nd person	vosaltres	us	-vos,-us	us	-vos,-us	vostre
2nd personformal2	vostès	els	-los,’ls	els	-los,’ls	seu
3rd personmasculine	ells	els	-los,’ls	els	-los,’ls	seu
3rd personfeminine	elles	les	-les	els	-los,’ls	seu
3rd personreflexive	si	es,s’	-se,’s	es,s’	-se,’s	seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive		en,n’	-ne,’n
locative		hi	-hi
1)Behaves grammatically as plural. 2)Behaves grammatically as third person.			3)Only as object of a preposition. 4)Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Danish

Noun

ellesc

1. indefinitegenitivepluralofel

French

Etymology

InheritedfromOld Frencheles,fromLatinillās,accusative feminine plural ofille.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ɛl/,(before a vowel)/ɛl.z‿/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophones:aile,ailes,elle,hèle,hèles,hèlent,L

Pronoun

ellesfpl(third-person plural,singularelle,accusativeles,dativeleur,emphaticelles,possessive determinerleur)

1. they(female)
2. them(female)

Related terms

French personal pronouns

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative (subject)	Accusative (direct complement)	Dative (indirect complement)	Locative (at)	Genitive (of)	Disjunctive (tonic)
Singular	First	—	je,j’	me,m’		—	—	moi
	Second	—	tu	te,t’		—	—	toi
	Third	Masculine	il	le,l’	lui	y	en	lui
		Feminine	elle	la,l’				elle
		Indeterminate	on1	—	—	—	—	—
		Reflexive	—	se,s’4		—	—	soi4
Plural	First	—	nous	nous		—	—	nous
	Second	—	vous2	vous2,3		—	—	vous2
	Third	Masculine	ils3	les	leur	y	en	eux3
		Feminine	elles					elles

¹Also used as the first person plural.

²Also used as the polite singular form.

³Also used when a group has both men and women.

⁴Also used as third person plural reflexive.

Noun

ellesf

1. pluralofelle

Further reading

• “elles”,inTrésor de la langue française informatisé[Digitized Treasury of the French Language],2012.

Anagrams

• selle

Hungarian

Etymology

el-(“away, off”)+‎les(“to spy, peep, peek”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[ˈɛlːɛʃ]
• Hyphenation:el‧les
• Rhymes:-ɛʃ

Verb

elles

1. (transitive)tolearnbywatching,toacquireby (closeand oftensecret)observation(from someone:-tól/-től)
   • 1862,Imre Madách,The Tragedy of Man,^[1]translation by J.C.W. Horne,^[2]Iain MacLeod,^[3]andGeorge Szirtes,^[4]Scene 1:

     Nehány golyóba összevissza gyúrva, / Most vonzza, űzi és taszítja egymást, / Nehány féregben öntudatra kél, / Míg minden megtelt, míg minden kihűlt, / És megmarad a semleges salak. – / Az ember ezt, ha egykorellesi,/ Vegykonyhájában szintén megteszi.

     That a few spheres this way or that revolve, / That one attracts another or repels, / That in a few worms dawns a consciousness, / Till all be fulfilled and till all grow cold / And only indistinguishable dust remain? / Why, man too, almost, if he should butlearn,/ Might in his kitchen seethe as good a broth

     Meanwhile this matter, kneaded into globes, / unfolds, attracts, repulses, whirls around, / till in some beast a conscious thought is kindled… / Then all fulfilled and all its heat expended, / indifferent, the neutral dust remains. / One day, man may himselfacquire the knack/ and plagiarize this crude experiment

     Are now screwed up into these tiny globes / That chase, attract or else repel each other, / Awaking a few worms to consciousness / Till all of space is tilled at last, grows cold, / And only the indifferent slag is left? / If man’sat allobservanthe’ll concoct / Some hash like this with his poor instruments.

Conjugation

conjugation ofelles

Click for archaic forms			1st personsg	2nd personsg informal	3rd personsg, 2nd p.sgformal	1st personpl	2nd personpl informal	3rd personpl, 2nd p.plformal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	ellesek	ellesel	elles	ellesünk	ellestek	ellesnek
		Def.	ellesem	ellesed	ellesi	ellessük	ellesitek	ellesik
		2nd-p. o.	elleslek	―
	Past	Indef.	ellestem	ellestél	ellesett	ellestünk	ellestetek	ellestek
		Def.	ellestem	ellested	elleste	ellestük	ellestétek	ellesték
		2nd-p. o.	ellestelek	―
	Future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb,or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verbfog,e.g.el fog lesni.
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	ellesék	ellesél	ellese	ellesénk	ellesétek	ellesének
		Def.	ellesém	elleséd	ellesé	ellesénk	ellesétek	ellesék
		2nd-p. o.	ellesélek	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed byvala (volt),e.g.elles vala,ellesettvala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	ellesendek	ellesendesz	ellesend	ellesendünk	ellesendetek	ellesendenek
		Def.	ellesendem	ellesended	ellesendi	ellesendjük	ellesenditek	ellesendik
		2nd-p. o.	ellesendelek	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	ellesnék	ellesnél	ellesne	ellesnénk	ellesnétek	ellesnének
		Def.	ellesném	ellesnéd	ellesné	ellesnénk (orellesnők)	ellesnétek	ellesnék
		2nd-p. o.	ellesnélek	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed byvolna,e.g.ellesettvolna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	ellessek	ellessor ellessél	ellessen	ellessünk	ellessetek	ellessenek
		Def.	ellessem	ellesdor ellessed	ellesse	ellessük	ellessétek	ellessék
		2nd-p. o.	ellesselek	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed bylégyen,e.g.ellesettlégyen
Infinitive	ellesni		ellesnem	ellesned	ellesnie	ellesnünk	ellesnetek	ellesniük
Other forms	Verbal noun		Present part.	Past part.	Future part.	Adverbial participle		Causative
	ellesés		elleső	ellesett	ellesendő	ellesve(ellesvén)		elleset
The archaic passive conjugation had the same-(t)at/-(t)etsuffix as the causative, followed by-ikin the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional-ikverbs).
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g.nem les elorel is les.

potential conjugation ofelles

Click for archaic forms			1st personsg	2nd personsg informal	3rd personsg, 2nd p.sgformal	1st personpl	2nd personpl informal	3rd personpl, 2nd p.plformal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	elleshetek	elleshetsz	elleshet	elleshetünk	elleshettek	elleshetnek
		Def.	elleshetem	ellesheted	ellesheti	elleshetjük	elleshetitek	elleshetik
		2nd-p. o.	elleshetlek	―
	Past	Indef.	elleshettem	elleshettél	elleshetett	elleshettünk	elleshettetek	elleshettek
		Def.	elleshettem	elleshetted	elleshette	elleshettük	elleshettétek	elleshették
		2nd-p. o.	elleshettelek	―
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	ellesheték	elleshetél	elleshete	ellesheténk	elleshetétek	elleshetének
		Def.	elleshetém	elleshetéd	ellesheté	ellesheténk	elleshetétek	ellesheték
		2nd-p. o.	elleshetélek	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed byvala,e.g.elleshetvala,elleshetettvala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	elleshetendek orellesandhatok	elleshetendesz orellesandhatsz	elleshetend orellesandhat	elleshetendünk orellesandhatunk	elleshetendetek orellesandhattok	elleshetendenek orellesandhatnak
		Def.	elleshetendem orellesandhatom	elleshetended orellesandhatod	elleshetendi orellesandhatja	elleshetendjük orellesandhatjuk	elleshetenditek orellesandhatjátok	elleshetendik orellesandhatják
		2nd-p. o.	elleshetendelek orellesandhatlak	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	elleshetnék	elleshetnél	elleshetne	elleshetnénk	elleshetnétek	elleshetnének
		Def.	elleshetném	elleshetnéd	elleshetné	elleshetnénk (orelleshetnők)	elleshetnétek	elleshetnék
		2nd-p. o.	elleshetnélek	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed byvolna,e.g.elleshetettvolna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	elleshessek	elleshessor elleshessél	elleshessen	elleshessünk	elleshessetek	elleshessenek
		Def.	elleshessem	elleshesdor elleshessed	elleshesse	elleshessük	elleshessétek	elleshessék
		2nd-p. o.	elleshesselek	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed bylégyen,e.g.elleshetettlégyen
Inf.	(elleshetni)		(elleshetnem)	(elleshetned)	(elleshetnie)	(elleshetnünk)	(elleshetnetek)	(elleshetniük)
Positive adjective			elleshető	Neg. adj.	elleshetetlen	Adv. part.	(elleshetve/elleshetvén)
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g.nem leshet elorel is leshet.

Further reading

• ellesinBárczi, GézaandLászló Országh.A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára( “The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.:ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN
• ellesinNóra Ittzés, editor,A magyar nyelv nagyszótára[A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó,2006–2031(work in progress; publisheda–ezas of 2024).

Latvian

Noun

ellesf

1. inflection ofelle:
   1. genitivesingular
   2. nominative/vocative/accusativeplural

Middle English

Alternative forms

• alles,ells,ills,elle

Etymology

FromOld Englishelles,fromProto-West Germanic*alljas.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈɛl(ə)s/

Adjective

elles

1. else

Adverb

elles

1. else

Conjunction

elles

1. else

Descendants

• English:else
• Yola:elles

References

• “elles,adj. (also as noun).”,inMED Online,Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.
• “elles,adv.”,inMED Online,Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.
• “elles,conj.”,inMED Online,Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.

Middle French

Pronoun

ellesfpl

1. they(female).
2. them(female).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Fromeller(“or”),fromOld Norseella,ellar,fromProto-Germanic*aljaz,fromProto-Indo-European*h₂élyos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈɛlːəs/

Adverb

elles

1. (conjunctive)else,otherwise

   Det lyt du gjera,ellesgår dette gale.

   You have to do that,elsethis will go wrong.

Synonyms

• annars

References

• “elles”inThe Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

FromProto-West Germanic*alljas

Adverb

elles

1. else
   • late 10th century,Ælfric,"The Seven Sleepers"

     ...ac mē tōdæġ swā wundorlīce is ġelumpen þæt ic þurh nān þincg ne mæġ ġecnāwan hwæðer þys sȳ Ephesa byriġ þeellesǣniġ ōþer;...

     But to-day it has befallen me so wonderfully that I cannot by any means recognise whether this be the city of the Ephesians orelseany other.

References

• Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “ELLES”, inAn Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎^[5],2nd edition, Oxford:Oxford University Press.

Portuguese

Pronoun

ellesmpl

1. Pre-reform spelling(until Brazil 1943/Portugal 1911) ofeles.

Noun

ellesm

1. Pre-reform spelling(until Brazil 1943/Portugal 1911) ofeles.

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈeʝes/[ˈe.ʝes]

• IPA^(key):(most of Spain and Latin America)/ˈeʝes/[ˈe.ʝes]
• IPA^(key):(rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Philippines)/ˈeʎes/[ˈe.ʎes]
• IPA^(key):(Buenos Aires and environs)/ˈeʃes/[ˈe.ʃes]
• IPA^(key):(elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay)/ˈeʒes/[ˈe.ʒes]

• Rhymes:-eʝes

• Rhymes:-eʝes
• Rhymes:-eʎes
• Rhymes:-eʃes
• Rhymes:-eʒes

• Syllabification:e‧lles

Pronoun

ellesgender-neutralpl

1. (gender-neutral,neologism)they;agender-neutralplural third-person personal pronoun
   • 2019,Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales,Derechos humanos en la Argentina: Informe 2019,Siglo XXI Editores,→ISBN:

     Ellesintegraron los organismos junto a activistas que si bien no tenían parientes desaparecides se sumaron por trayectorias militantes y profesionales.

     Theywere part of the organizations along with activists who, although they had no relatives who had disappeared, joined them through militant and professional trajectories.

2. pluralofelle

See also

Spanish personal pronouns

				nominative	dative	accusative	disjunctive
first person	singular			yo	me		mí1
	plural	masculine2		nosotros	nos		nosotros
		feminine		nosotras			nosotras
second person	singular	tuteo		tú	te		ti1
		voseo		vos			vos
		formal3		usted	le,se4	lo/la5	usted
	plural	familiar6	masculine2	vosotros	os		vosotros
			feminine	vosotras			vosotras
		formal/general3		ustedes	les,se4	los/las5	ustedes
third person	singular	masculine2		él	le,se4	lo	él
		feminine		ella		la	ella
		neuter		ello7		lo	ello
	plural	masculine2		ellos	les,se4	los	ellos
		feminine		ellas		las	ellas
	reflexive			—	se		sí1

1. Not used withcon;conmigo,contigo,andconsigoare used instead, respectively
2. Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
3. Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
4. Ifleorlesprecedeslo,la,los,orlasin a clause, it is replaced withse(e.g.,Se lo dijeinstead ofLe lo dije)
5. Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
6. Used primarily in Spain
7. Used only in rare circumstances

Noun

ellesfpl

1. pluralofelle

Yola

Etymology

FromMiddle Englishelles,fromOld Englishelles,fromProto-West Germanic*alljas.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ɛɫs/

Adjective

elles

1. else

References

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland,London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page38