esperar
Asturian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Verb
[edit]esperar(first-person singular indicative presentespero,past participleesperáu)
Conjugation
[edit]Catalan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]esperar(first-person singular presentespero,first-person singular preteriteesperí,past participleesperat);root stress:(Central,Valencia,Balearic)/e/
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | esperar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | esperant | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | esperat | esperada | |||||
plural | esperats | esperades | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | espero | esperes | espera | esperem | espereu | esperen | |
imperfect | esperava | esperaves | esperava | esperàvem | esperàveu | esperaven | |
future | esperaré | esperaràs | esperarà | esperarem | esperareu | esperaran | |
preterite | esperí | esperares | esperà | esperàrem | esperàreu | esperaren | |
conditional | esperaria | esperaries | esperaria | esperaríem | esperaríeu | esperarien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | esperi | esperis | esperi | esperem | espereu | esperin | |
imperfect | esperés | esperessis | esperés | esperéssim | esperéssiu | esperessin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
affirmative | — | espera | esperi | esperem | espereu | esperin | |
negative(no) | — | noesperis | noesperi | noesperem | noespereu | noesperin |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “esperar”inDiccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició,Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “esperar”inDiccionari català-valencià-balear,Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]InheritedfromOld Galician-Portugueseasperar,fromLatinspērō.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]esperar(first-person singular presentespero,first-person singular preteriteesperei,past participleesperado)
Conjugation
[edit]1Less recommended.
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “esperar”,inDicionario da Real Academia Galega(in Galician), A Coruña:Royal Galician Academy,2012–2025
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández,editor (2006–2013), “esperar”,inDicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega[Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández,Ernesto Xosé González Seoane,María Álvarez de la Granja,editors (2003–2018), “esperar”,inTesouro informatizado da lingua galega(in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco,editor (2014–2024), “esperar”,inTesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués(in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega,→ISSN
Ido
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed fromEsperantoesperi,Frenchespérer,Italiansperare,Spanishesperar,all fromLatinspērō.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]esperar(present tenseesperas,past tenseesperis,future tenseesperos,imperativeesperez,conditionalesperus)
- tohope
Conjugation
[edit]present | past | future | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esperar | esperir | esperor | ||||
tense | esperas | esperis | esperos | ||||
conditional | esperus | ||||||
imperative | esperez | ||||||
adjective active participle | esperanta | esperinta | esperonta | ||||
adverbial active participle | esperante | esperinte | esperonte | ||||
nominal active participle | singular | esperanto | esperinto | esperonto | |||
plural | esperanti | esperinti | esperonti | ||||
adjective passive participle | esperata | esperita | esperota | ||||
adverbial passive participle | esperate | esperite | esperote | ||||
nominal passive participle | singular | esperato | esperito | esperoto | |||
plural | esperati | esperiti | esperoti |
Derived terms
[edit]- desesperigar(“to drive to despair; to dishearten, depress, despond”)
Occitan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]FromOld Occitanesperar,inheritedfromLatinspērāre.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]esperar
Conjugation
[edit]simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esperar | averesperat | |||||
gerund | esperant | use gerund ofaver+ past participle | |||||
past participle | esperat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | esperi | esperas | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperan | |
imperfect | esperavi | esperavas | esperava | esperàvem | esperàvetz | esperavan | |
preterite | esperèri | esperères | esperèt | esperèrem | esperèretz | esperèron | |
future | esperarai | esperaràs | esperarà | esperarem | esperaretz | esperaràn | |
conditional | esperariái | esperariás | esperariá | esperariam | esperariatz | esperarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense ofaver+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espere | esperes | espere | esperem | esperetz | esperen | |
imperfect | esperèssi | esperèsses | esperèsse | esperèssem | esperèssetz | esperèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive ofaver+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espera | esperem | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esperar | averesperat | |||||
gerund | esperant | use gerund ofaver+ past participle | |||||
past participle | esperat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espere | esperes | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperon | |
imperfect | esperave | esperaves | esperava | esperaviam | esperaviatz | esperavon | |
preterite | esperere | espereres | esperet | esperem | esperetz | espereron | |
future | esperarai | esperaràs | esperará | esperarem | esperaretz | esperarán | |
conditional | esperariá | esperariás | esperariá | esperariam | esperariatz | esperarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense ofaver+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espere | esperes | espere | esperassiam | esperassiatz | esperon | |
imperfect | esperesse | esperesses | esperesse | esperessiam | esperessiatz | esperesson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive ofaver+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espera | esperassiam | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esperar | averesperat | |||||
gerund | esperant | use gerund ofaver+ past participle | |||||
past participle | esperat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | esperi | esperas | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperan | |
imperfect | esperavi | esperavas | esperava | esperàvam | esperàvatz | esperavan | |
preterite | esperèi | esperès | esperè | esperèm | esperètz | esperèn | |
future | esperarèi | esperaràs | esperarà | esperaram | esperaratz | esperaràn | |
conditional | esperarí | esperarés | esperaré | esperarem | esperaretz | esperarén | |
conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense ofaver+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | esperi | esperes | espere | esperem | esperetz | esperen | |
imperfect | esperèssi | esperèsses | esperèsse | esperèssem | esperèssetz | esperèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive ofaver+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espera | esperem | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esperar | averesperat | |||||
gerund | esperant | use gerund ofaver+ past participle | |||||
past participle | esperat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espere | esperas | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperan | |
imperfect | esperava | esperavas | esperava | esperàvam | esperàvatz | esperavan | |
preterite | esperei | espereras | esperet | esperèram | esperèratz | espereran | |
future | esperarai | esperaràs | esperará | esperarem | esperaretz | esperarán | |
conditional | esperariá | esperariàs | esperariá | esperariam | esperariatz | esperarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense ofaver+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espere | esperes | espere | esperem | esperetz | esperen | |
imperfect | esperèsse | esperèsses | esperèsse | esperèssem | esperèssetz | esperèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive ofaver+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espera | esperem | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esperar | averesperat | |||||
gerund | esperant | use gerund ofaver+ past participle | |||||
past participle | esperat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espere | esperes | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperan | |
imperfect | esperavi | esperavas | esperava | esperàvem | esperàvetz | esperavan | |
preterite | esperère | esperères | esperèt | espereriam | espereriatz | esperèron | |
future | esperarai | esperaràs | esperarà | esperarem | esperaretz | esperaràn | |
conditional | esperariáu | esperariás | esperariá | esperariam | esperariatz | esperarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense ofaver+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espere | esperes | espere | esperem | esperetz | esperan | |
imperfect | esperèsse | esperèsses | esperèsse | esperessiam | esperessiatz | esperèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive ofaver+ past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive ofaver+ past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espera | esperem | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Related terms
[edit]Old Spanish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Verb
[edit]esperar
- towait(for),await
- c.1200,Almerich,La fazienda de ultramar,(published by Moshé Lazar, 1965, Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca, page 211):
- En est logar dize Ysayas de Messias queesperanlos Judios e non conoscen com es venido.
- In this place, Isaiah speaks of the Messiah whom the Jewsawait,and whom they don't know he [already] came.
- tohope,expect
- c.1280,Alfonso X,General Estoria, tercera parte,(published by Pedro Sánchez-Prieto Borja and Bautista Horcajada Diezma, 1994, Madrid: Gredos):
- mientre fían en los ídolos, que son cosas sin entendimiento e sin alma, juran mal, eesperanque les non nozirá.
- While putting trust in idols, which are things without understanding nor soul, they wrongly make oaths andexpectit will not harm them.
- totrustcompletely(in God)
- c.1280,Alfonso X,General Estoria, tercera parte,(published by Pedro Sánchez-Prieto Borja and Bautista Horcajada Diezma, 1994, Madrid: Gredos):
- Toda palabra de Dios es escudo fecho con fuego para los queesperanen él.
- The word of God is a shield made of fire for those whotrustin Him.
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Joan Coromines,José A[ntonio] Pascual(1984) “esperar”, inDiccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico[Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume II (Ce–F), Madrid: Gredos,→ISBN,page740
Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]InheritedfromOld Galician-Portugueseasperar,fromLatinspērō.
Pronunciation
[edit]
Verb
[edit]esperar(first-person singular presentespero,first-person singular preteriteesperei,past participleesperado)
- towait
- (transitiveorintransitive)towait(for); toawait[withdirect objectorpor‘something’]
- Euesperopor sua resposta.―Iawaityour response.
- Fiqueiesperandono carro.―Iwaitedin the car.
- Synonym:aguardar
- (catenative)towait[withsubjectpronoun‘for someone’(optional)andpersonalinfinitive‘to do something’]
- Espereo João chegar.―Waitfor John to arrive.
- Synonym:aguardar
- (transitiveorintransitive)towait(for); toawait[withdirect objectorpor‘something’]
- tohope
- (intransitive)tohopefor(to really want)[withpor‘something’]
- Elesesperampelo fim da guerra.―Theyhopefor the end of the war.
- (transitive)tohope[withque(+subjunctiveclause)‘that someone does something’]
- Euesperoque gostes do presente.―Ihopeyou like the gift.
- (catenative)tohope[withinfinitive‘to do something’;orwithsubjectpronoun‘for someone’(optional)andpersonalinfinitive‘to something’]
- Esperávamoscomer alguma coisa hoje.―We were hopingto eat something today.
- (intransitive)tohopefor(to really want)[withpor‘something’]
- toexpect;toanticipate(to know or think that something will happen)[withdirect objectorpor‘something’]
- É melhor do que euesperava.―It is better than Iexpected.
- Eu jáesperavapor isso mesmo.―I wasexpecting thisanyway.
- Synonym:aguardar
Conjugation
[edit]1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Further reading
[edit]- “esperar”inDicionário Abertobased onNovo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo,1913
Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]FromOld Spanishesperar,inheritedfromLatinspērāre.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]esperar(first-person singular presentespero,first-person singular preteriteesperé,past participleesperado)
- (transitiveorcatenative)tohope[withdirect object‘for something’orinfinitive‘to do something’orque(+subjunctiveclause)‘that something happens’]
- Synonym:teneresperanzade que
- esperarcon interés―to look forward to, to eagerly await
- En vanoesperaronmejores días.―Theyhoped forbetter days in vain.
- Esperamosllegar a viejos juntos.―Wehopewe'll grow old together.
- Ellaesperaya estar casada cuando tenga treinta.―Shehopesshe'll be already married when she's 30 years old.
- Esperaque no sea necesario.―Hehopesit won't be necessary.
- (transitiveorcatenative)toexpect[withdirect object‘something’orinfinitive‘to do something’orque(+indicativeclause)‘that something happens’]
- Synonym:anticipar
- Ellosesperanencontrar muchas dificultades.―Theyexpectto come across many hardships.
- Esperamosun clima adverso mañana.―We'reexpectingunfavourable weather tomorrow.
- Los estudiantesesperanque no será fácil el examen.―The studentsexpectthe exam won't be easy.
- Los huéspedesesperanque les ayudaremos.―The guestsexpectwe'll help them.
- (intransitiveortransitive)towait,wait (for)[(optionally)withdirect object‘for something’oraque(+subjunctiveclause)‘for something to happen’]
- Por favoresperaaquí.―Pleasewaithere.
- Tehe esperadopor media hora.―Ihave waited foryou for half an hour.
- Esperocon ansias tu llegada.―Iamanxiouslywaiting foryour arrival.
- ¡Esperaa que la conozcas en persona!―Waittill you meet her in person!
- Estamos esperandoa que se suavice la lluvia.―We'rewaitingfor the rain to get less heavy.
- (intransitive,reflexive)towait,tohold on(reflexivefor emphatic use)
- ¡Espera! ¡Espératetantito!―Wait!Hold onfor a sec!
- (reflexive,impersonal)to beexpected
- Se esperaque el huracán llegue mañana.―The hurricaneis expectedto come tomorrow.
Conjugation
[edit]These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “esperar”,inDiccionario de la lengua española[Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8,Royal Spanish Academy[Spanish:Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
- Asturian terms inherited from Latin
- Asturian terms derived from Latin
- Asturian lemmas
- Asturian verbs
- Catalan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Catalan/a(ɾ)
- Rhymes:Catalan/a(ɾ)/3 syllables
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan verbs
- Catalan first conjugation verbs
- Galician terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Galician terms inherited from Latin
- Galician terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *speh₁-
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Galician/aɾ
- Rhymes:Galician/aɾ/3 syllables
- Galician lemmas
- Galician verbs
- Galician verbs ending in -ar
- Ido terms borrowed from Esperanto
- Ido terms derived from Esperanto
- Ido terms borrowed from French
- Ido terms derived from French
- Ido terms borrowed from Italian
- Ido terms derived from Italian
- Ido terms borrowed from Spanish
- Ido terms derived from Spanish
- Ido terms derived from Latin
- Ido terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ido lemmas
- Ido verbs
- Occitan terms inherited from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms derived from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms inherited from Latin
- Occitan terms derived from Latin
- Occitan terms with audio pronunciation
- Occitan lemmas
- Occitan verbs
- Occitan first group verbs
- Old Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Old Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Old Spanish lemmas
- Old Spanish verbs
- Old Spanish terms with quotations
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *speh₁-
- Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese 3-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese 4-syllable words
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese verbs
- Portuguese verbs ending in -ar
- Portuguese transitive verbs
- Portuguese intransitive verbs
- Portuguese terms with usage examples
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish terms inherited from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms derived from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish 3-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ
- Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ/3 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish verbs
- Spanish verbs ending in -ar
- Spanish transitive verbs
- Spanish terms with collocations
- Spanish terms with usage examples
- Spanish intransitive verbs
- Spanish reflexive verbs
- Spanish impersonal verbs