gen

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English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Clippingofgeneral.

Noun

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gen(uncountable)

  1. (chieflyUK,Ireland,Commonwealth,informal)Information.
    • 2015,Nicholas Whittaker,Platform Souls: The Trainspotter as 20th-Century Hero:
      Nose around any modest-sized station and the odds are you'll find that the chargeman's office doubles as a bashers' club, a place where shivering spotters can get warm and catch up on thegen.
  2. (birdwatching)Information about thelocationof a bird.
    • 2005,Sean Dooley,The Big Twitch,Sydney: Allen and Unwin, page172:
      I had some recentgenthat they had been seen quite recently at Kunoth Well, a little dot on the map on the edge of the Tanami Desert.
  3. (fandomslang)Fan fictionthat does not specificallyfocusonromanceorsex.
Synonyms
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See also

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Etymology 2

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Noun

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gen(pluralgens)

  1. Alternativeletter-caseform ofGen(member of the Gen Movement)

Etymology 3

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Shortened fromgenerateandgenerator.

Verb

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gen(third-person singular simple presentgens,present participlegenning,simple past and past participlegenned)

  1. Togenerateusing anautomatedprocess, especially a computer program.
    • 1991,Bruce H. Hunter, Karen Bradford Hunter,UNIX Systems: Advanced Administration and Management Handbook:
      Defining the devices so that they will begennedduring the sysgen and installation is the other half.
    • 1993,Debra R. Niedermiller-Chaffins, Drew Heywood,Inside Novell NetWare,→ISBN,page100:
      The older,gennedfiles are difficult to keep up-to-date and are unsupported for some newer NICs.
    • 2010,Donald K. Burleson,Oracle Tuning: The Definitive Reference,→ISBN,page1109:
      As the capacities of the large servers are exceeded, a new server isgennedinto the RAC cluster.
    • 2012,Robert Charles Wilson,Bios,→ISBN:
      The Turing factories on Isis's small moon had fallen short of productivity goals, though another two factory units had beengenned.

Noun

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gen(pluralgens)

  1. (slang)Agenerator(device that converts mechanical to electrical energy).
    Synonym:genny

Etymology 4

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Shortened fromgenetic engineering

Verb

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gen(third-person singular simple presentgens,present participlegenning,simple past and past participlegenned)

  1. (science fiction)Togeneticallyengineer.
    • 2008,Bart Dahmer,Primal Screams,→ISBN,page36:
      Samples could be taken from the original, and plans could be made, butgenningcould not be initiated until death had occurred.
    • 2011,Karen Sandler,Tankborn,→ISBN,page28:
      Her nurturer ears,gennedto be hyper-sensitive, had to be hurting from the noise.

Etymology 5

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Etymology unknown. Possibilities include:

Noun

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gen(pluralgens)

  1. (obsolete,UK,slang)Ashilling.
    • 1851,Henry Mayhew,“Gambling of Costermongers”, inLondon Labour and the London Poor[1],volume 1, page17:
      The betting also began to shift. "Sixpence Ned wins!" cried three or four; "Sixpence he loses!" answered another; "Done!" and up went the halfpence. "Half-a-crown Joe loses!" — "Here you are," answered Joe, but he lost again. "I'll try you a 'gen'"(shilling) said a coster;" And a 'rouf yenap' "(fourpence), added the other." Say a 'exes' "(sixpence).—" Done! "and the betting continued, till the ground was spotted with silver and halfpence.
    • 1978,Rose Ayers,The Street Sparrows:
      "Give me twogen,then, and take the whole bloody tol. I've walked me teef orf afore rouf this mornin', and wot 'ave I got? Two bloody yenneps! I ask yer. "

Etymology 6

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Clippingofgeneration.

Noun

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gen(pluralgens)

  1. (informal)Ageneration(group of people born in a specific range of years).
    • 2022June 28, “Wimbledon tennis: Fans react to Kristina Mladenovic's eye-catching outfit”, inThe New Zealand Herald[2]:
      "Mladenovic playing in what the younggenis calling a crop top, but what mygenis calling a bra, "Bouchard tweeted." Sign of the times that Wimbledon has no issue with that. Still can remember the year some had troubles because of 'too short' skirts lol. "
    • 2022July 4, Ben Schott, “Is There Anything That Gen Z Won’t Drink?”, inThe Washington Post[3]:
      It’s anyone’s guess whether such attitudes will persist into adulthood, but if Gen Z (and thegensto come) do prove more alco-skeptic than their forbears then the above twelve steps are deftly primed to cash in.
  2. (informal)Aspecificversionof something in achronologicalsequence.
    • 2004,Sally Bishai, “Courtship, Marriage and the Ubiquitous ‘Dating Thing’”, inMid-East Meets West: On Being and Becoming a Modern Arab American,Lincoln, Neb.:iUniverse,→ISBN,page57:
      For my fellow first-gens,get ready to hide a smirk, because your life story is likely hidden somewhere in this chapter. For the uninitiated—that is, the person who's never had a thing to do with the Arab way of doing things (namely dating)—I advise you to buckle up.
    • 2016,Dwight Lang, “Witnessing Social Class in the Academy”, in Allison L. Hurst, Sandi Kawecka Nenga, editors,Working in Class: Recognizing How Social Class Shapes Our Academic Work,Lanham, Md.:Rowman & Littlefield,→ISBN,part 2 (Teaching),page102:
      []I witness firsthand the difficult "downstream" outcomes (Grusky 2014) of social class stratification in a university setting where approximately 3,400 undergraduates (13% of the undergraduate population) are first in their families to attend and/or graduate from college (first-gens). Most of these students are low income and nearly 1,200 first-genshave grown up in poverty.
    • 2017,Temple Fennell, “SCIE: Sustainable Cycle of Investing Engagement”, in Kirby Rosplock,The Complete Direct Investing Handbook: A Guide for Family Offices, Qualified Purchasers, and Accredited Investors(BloombergFinancial Series), Hoboken, N.J.:John Wiley & Sons,→ISBN,page242:
      TheFamily ValuesandFraming Strategysteps address soft issues as what is the purpose of the new investment strategy, is there a desire to engage and train the next generation (NextGens), and is there building buy-in and engagement across the family members important to strengthen family unity.
Derived terms
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Anagrams

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Catalan

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CatalanWikipediahas an article on:
Wikipediaca

Etymology

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BorrowedfromGermanGen.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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genm(pluralgens)

  1. gene
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Further reading

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Czech

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Etymology

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BorrowedfromGermanGen.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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genminan

  1. gene

Declension

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Further reading

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  • gen”,inPříruční slovník jazyka českého(in Czech),1935–1957
  • gen”,inSlovník spisovného jazyka českého(in Czech),1960–1971, 1989

Danish

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Etymology 1

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FromGermanGen,fromAncient Greekγενεά(geneá,generation, descent),from the aorist infinitive ofγίγνομαι(gígnomai,I come into being).Coined by the Danish biologistWilhelm Ludvig Johannsenin a German-language publication.

Noun

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genn(singular definitegenet,plural indefinitegener)

  1. (genetics)gene
Declension
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Etymology 2

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Verb

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gen

  1. imperativeofgenne

References

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Dutch

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Etymology

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FromGermanGen,fromAncient Greekγενεά(geneá,generation, descent),from the aorist infinitive ofγίγνομαι(gígnomai,I come into being).Coined by the Danish biologistWilhelm Ludvig Johannsenin a German-language publication.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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genn(pluralgenen)

  1. gene

Descendants

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  • Indonesian:gen

Anagrams

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German

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Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germangēn,gein,fromgegenwith elision of intervocalic-g-(compareGetreide,Maid).Doubletofgegen(against).Cognate withYiddishקיין(keyn).

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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gen[withaccusative]

  1. (literary,somewhatdated)in the direction;to;towards(a place or time)
    genNordento the north, northwards
    genAbendtowards the evening, in the late afternoon

Synonyms

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Further reading

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  • gen”inDudenonline
  • gen”inDigitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Haitian Creole

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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gen

  1. Contraction ofgenyen.

Icelandic

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Etymology

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FromGermanGen.

Noun

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genn(genitive singulargens,nominative pluralgen)

  1. gene

Declension

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Declension ofgen
n-s singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative gen genið gen genin
accusative gen genið gen genin
dative geni geninu genum genunum
genitive gens gensins gena genanna

Indonesian

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IndonesianWikipediahas an article on:
Wikipediaid

Etymology

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BorrowedfromDutchgen(gene),fromGermanGen(which coined by Danish biologistWilhelm Ludvig Johannsenin a German-language publication), fromAncient Greekγενεά(geneá,generation, descent),from the aorist infinitive ofγίγνομαι(gígnomai,I come into being).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gen(pluralgen-gen,first-person possessivegenku,second-person possessivegenmu,third-person possessivegennya)

  1. gene
    1. (genetics)a theoretical unit of heredity of living organisms; a gene may take several values and in principle predetermines a precise trait of an organism's form (phenotype), such as hair color.
    2. (molecular biology)locus:a segment of DNA or RNA from a cell's or an organism's genome, that may take several forms and thus parameterizes a phenomenon, in general the structure of a protein.

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Japanese

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Romanization

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gen

  1. Rōmajitranscription ofげん
  2. Rōmajitranscription ofゲン

Malay

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MalayWikipediahas an article on:
Wikipediams

Etymology

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BorrowedfromDutchgen(gene),fromGermanGen(which was coined by Danish biologistWilhelm Ludvig Johannsenin a German-language publication), fromAncient Greekγενεά(geneá,generation, descent),from the aorist infinitive ofγίγνομαι(gígnomai,I come into being).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gen(pluralgen-gen,informal 1st possessivegenku,2nd possessivegenmu,3rd possessivegennya)

  1. gene
    1. (genetics)a theoretical unit of heredity of living organisms; a gene may take several values and in principle predetermines a precise trait of an organism's form (phenotype), such as hair colour.
    2. (molecular biology)locus:a segment of DNA or RNA from a cell's or an organism's genome, that may take several forms and thus parameterizes a phenomenon, in general the structure of a protein.

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Mandarin

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Romanization

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gen

  1. Nonstandardspelling ofgēn.
  2. Nonstandardspelling ofgén.
  3. Nonstandardspelling ofgěn.
  4. Nonstandardspelling ofgèn.

Usage notes

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  • Transcriptionsof Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the criticaltonaldifferences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle English

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Preposition

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gen

  1. Alternative form ofgain(against)

Mwotlap

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Etymology

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FromProto-Torres-Banks*ɣani,fromProto-Oceanic*kani,fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*kaən,fromProto-Austronesian*kaən.Cognate withVurësgen.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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gen

  1. toeat(meat,vegetables)
  2. tosuffer(s.th. unpleasant)
  3. toacquire(an honorificrank)
  4. (transitive)(fire)toburns.th.
  5. (intransitive)(fire)toburn

Derived terms

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References

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François, Alexandre.2024.Online Mwotlap–English–French cultural dictionary.Electronic files. Paris: CNRS.(Pdf version)entrygen.

Norwegian Bokmål

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Norwegian BokmålWikipediahas an article on:
Wikipedianb

Noun

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genn(definite singulargenet,indefinite pluralgener,definite pluralgenaorgenene)

  1. (biology)agene

Usage notes

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  • Prior to a revision in 2020, this noun was also considered grammatically masculine.[1]The formgenenwas then made obsolete.

References

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  1. ^Language Council of Norway,Spelling decisions since 2012(in Norwegian, retrieved 12.21.20)

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Norwegian NynorskWikipediahas an article on:
Wikipediann

Noun

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genn(definite singulargenet,indefinite pluralgen,definite pluralgena)

  1. (biology)agene

Usage notes

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  • Prior to a revision in 2020, this noun was also considered grammatically masculine.[1]The formsgenen,genar,andgenanewere then made obsolete.

References

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  1. ^Language Council of Norway,Spelling decisions since 2012(in Norwegian, retrieved 12.21.20)

Old English

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Etymology

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FromProto-Germanic*ju.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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ġēn

  1. still,yet
  2. again,further

Old High German

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Etymology

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The formgēnappears early on inBavarian,later spreading to eastern and southernFranconianand to the newly developingEast Central German.Its origins are unknown. One theory invokes the original paradigm ofProto-West Germanic*gān,which had*aiin the 2nd and 3rd persons singular of the present; compareMiddle Low Germangân> he geit,modernColognianjonn> hä jeiht,etc. The Old High Germanēmight thus be explained as a compromise vowel betweenāandei.What lends credence to this theory is the fact that Old High Germanēcannot have developed regularly in the given position, as it only occurs beforeh, r, w,and word-finally.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key):/ɡeːn/,(early)[ɡɛːn]

Verb

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gēn

  1. Alternative form ofgān(to go)

Descendants

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See also

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Old Irish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Celtic*gʷenom.

Noun

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gennorf

  1. smile,laugh
  2. sport,levity
Inflection
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TheDictionary of the Irish Languagebelieves that this was a u-stem, while Matasović disputes this classification since*giunwould be expected from such a stem due to raising and u-infection; he declares it an o-stem.[1]All forms except the nominative are unattested.

Neuter o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative genN genN genL,gena
Vocative genN genN genL,gena
Accusative genN genN genL,gena
Genitive ginL gen genN
Dative giunL genaib genaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H= triggers aspiration
  • L= triggers lenition
  • N= triggers nasalization
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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(Thisetymologyis missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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genf

  1. sword
Inflection
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Feminine ā-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative genL ginL genaH
Vocative genL ginL genaH
Accusative ginN ginL genaH
Genitive gineH genL genN
Dative ginL genaib genaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H= triggers aspiration
  • L= triggers lenition
  • N= triggers nasalization

Mutation

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Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
gen gen
pronounced with/ɣ(ʲ)-/
ngen
Note:Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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  1. ^Matasović, Ranko(2009)Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden:Brill,→ISBN,page146

Old Occitan

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Adjective

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The templateTemplate:pro-adjdoes not use the parameter(s):
fpl=gentas
Please seeModule:checkparamsfor help with this warning.

genm(feminine singulargenta,masculine pluralgens,feminine pluralgentas)

  1. attractive;pleasing;nice;fair;pleasant
    • 12th century,Bernard de Ventadour(Wikisource)
      Logenstems de pascor
      The pleasant time of Easter

References

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Polish

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PolishWikipediahas an article on:
Wikipediapl

Etymology

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Internationalism;compareEnglishgene,Frenchgène,GermanGen,ultimately fromAncient Greekγενεᾱ́(geneā́).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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genminan(related adjectivegenowy)

  1. (genetics)gene(theoretical unit of heredity of living organisms; it may take several values and, in principle, predetermines a precise trait of an organism's form (phenotype), such as hair color)
  2. (literary)gene(trait inherited from ancestors)

Declension

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adverbs
nouns

Further reading

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  • geninWielki słownik języka polskiego,Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • genin Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • genin PWN's encyclopedia

Romanian

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Etymology

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BorrowedfromLatingenus.The particle sense is likely to be acalqueofEnglishlike.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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genn(pluralgenuri)

  1. type,sort,kind
    Synonyms:fel,soi,tip
    ceva degenul(informal)something of thesort
  2. (dated)way of being,manner,attitude
  3. genre
  4. (grammar)gender
  5. (sociology)gender
  6. (taxonomy)genus

Declension

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Particle

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gen(colloquial)

  1. Filler word:like.
  2. Precedes a quotation or description:like.

Derived terms

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References

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Spanish

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Etymology

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BorrowedfromGermanGen.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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genm(pluralgenes)

  1. gene

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Swedish

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Norsegegn(straight, direct).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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gen(comparativegenare,superlativegenast)

  1. gain;short, direct
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Etymology 2

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FromGermanGen.

Noun

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genc

  1. gene
Declension
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References

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Anagrams

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Tok Pisin

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Etymology

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FromEnglishagain.

Adverb

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gen

  1. again
    • 1989,Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin,Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea,Jenesis2:21:
      Orait God, Bikpela i mekim man i slip i dai tru. Na taim man i slip yet, God i kisim wanpela bun long banis bilong man na i pasimgenskin bilong dispela hap.
      →New International Version translation

Turkish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromOttoman Turkishكیك(geñ),fromProto-Turkic*kēŋ(wide, broad).

Cognate with Yakutкиэҥ(kieñ,wide),Bashkirкиң(kiñ),Kazakhкең(keñ),etc.

Adjective

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gen

  1. (obsolete,dialectal)wide
    Synonym:geniş
    Antonym:dar
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Noun

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gen(definite accusativegeni,pluralgenler)

  1. (colloquial)Afieldthat wasn't plowed for several years.

Etymology 3

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Borrowed fromFrenchgene.

Noun

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gen(definite accusativegeni,pluralgenler)

  1. (biology)gene
Declension
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Inflection
Nominative gen
Definite accusative geni
Singular Plural
Nominative gen genler
Definite accusative geni genleri
Dative gene genlere
Locative gende genlerde
Ablative genden genlerden
Genitive genin genlerin
Possessive forms
Nominative
Singular Plural
1st singular genim genlerim
2nd singular genin genlerin
3rd singular geni genleri
1st plural genimiz genlerimiz
2nd plural geniniz genleriniz
3rd plural genleri genleri
Definite accusative
Singular Plural
1st singular genimi genlerimi
2nd singular genini genlerini
3rd singular genini genlerini
1st plural genimizi genlerimizi
2nd plural geninizi genlerinizi
3rd plural genlerini genlerini
Dative
Singular Plural
1st singular genime genlerime
2nd singular genine genlerine
3rd singular genine genlerine
1st plural genimize genlerimize
2nd plural geninize genlerinize
3rd plural genlerine genlerine
Locative
Singular Plural
1st singular genimde genlerimde
2nd singular geninde genlerinde
3rd singular geninde genlerinde
1st plural genimizde genlerimizde
2nd plural geninizde genlerinizde
3rd plural genlerinde genlerinde
Ablative
Singular Plural
1st singular genimden genlerimden
2nd singular geninden genlerinden
3rd singular geninden genlerinden
1st plural genimizden genlerimizden
2nd plural geninizden genlerinizden
3rd plural genlerinden genlerinden
Genitive
Singular Plural
1st singular genimin genlerimin
2nd singular geninin genlerinin
3rd singular geninin genlerinin
1st plural genimizin genlerimizin
2nd plural geninizin genlerinizin
3rd plural genlerinin genlerinin

Vietnamese

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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gen

  1. gene

Usage notes

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  • This is one of the rare cases in which a word's pronunciation differs from its spelling.

Derived terms

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Vurës

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Etymology

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FromProto-Torres-Banks*ɣani,fromProto-Oceanic*kani,fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*kaən,fromProto-Austronesian*kaən.[1]Cognate withMaorikai,Malaymakan.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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gen

  1. toeat(foodsother thanmeat)

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^Catriona Malau (September 2021) “gen”, inA Dictionary of Vurës, Vanuatu(Asia-Pacific Linguistics),Australian National University Press,→DOI,→ISBN,page75

Welsh

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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gen

  1. (colloquial)first-personsingularofgan
  2. (colloquial)second-personsingularofgan

Zhuang

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Etymology

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FromProto-Tai*qeːnᴬ(arm).Cognate withThaiแขน(kɛ̌ɛn),Northern Thaiᨡᩯ᩠ᨶ,Laoແຂນ(khǣn),ᦶᦃᧃ(ẋaen),Tai Damꪵꪄꪙ,Shanၶႅၼ်(khěn).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gen(1957–1982 spellinggen)

  1. (anatomy)arm

Zou

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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gen

  1. (transitive)tosay

References

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  • Lukram Himmat Singh (2013)A Descriptive Grammar of Zou,Canchipur: Manipur University, page41