kun

See also:Appendix:Variations of "kun"

English

Etymology

FromJapaneseHuấn đọc み(kun'yomi),literally "meaning reading" (i.e. pronunciation based on meaning).

Noun

kun(uncountable)

1. In the Japanese language, the pronunciation, or reading, of akanjicharacter as a native Japanese word that means what the character represents, contrasted withon.

   Most kanji have two kinds of reading, called "on" and "kun".

Related terms

• kun-yomi
• on

Anagrams

• unk.

Bikol Central

Alternative forms

• kung
• kon,kong

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈkun/ [ˈkun̪]

Conjunction

kun(Basahan spellingᜃᜓᜈ᜔)

1. if,unless

   Synonym:komo

   Kunmay dudumanon ka, maiba lugod ako saimo.

   Ifyou're going somewhere, I'll come with you then.

Preposition

kun(Basahan spellingᜃᜓᜈ᜔)

1. when;at(oras soon as) that time that;if

   Synonym:pag

   Kunmabanggi na, nagluluwas man an mga bituon.

   Whenthe night comes, the stars come out also.

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[ˈkun]
• Rhymes:-un

Noun

kun

1. genitivepluralofkuna

Danish

Etymology

Olderikkun,a contraction ofOld Danishækkeuten(“nothing but”),fromOld Norseekki(“not”)andútan(“without, except”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[ˈkʰɔn]

Adverb

kun

1. only

Synonyms

• blot,ikkun(obsolete)

Dutch

Alternative forms

• kan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/kʏn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ʏn

Verb

kun

1. (in case ofinversion)second-personsingularpresentindicativeofkunnen

   Kunjij iets doen voor mij?

   Canyou do something for me?

Usage notes

• As is usual in Dutch, the-tis dropped when the pronounjij / jefollows the verb:je kunt > kun je.The verbskunnenandzullenare unusual, however, insofar as the resulting form is not identical to the first-person singular. The formkanjeis in fact a common alternative, but it is more informal and may even be considered substandard by some.

Esperanto

Etymology

Ultimately fromLatincum.CompareItaliancon,Spanishcon,Portuguesecom.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[kun]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: kun

Preposition

kun

1. in the company of,with
2. in addition to
3. characteristic considered separately from the whole
   • 1961,L. L. Zamenhof,Proverbaro esperanta:

     Vorto dirita en ĝusta tempo estas kiel oraj pomojkunarĝentaj ŝeloj.

     A word said at the right time is like golden appleswithsilver skins.

Derived terms

• kun-(“together”)
• kune kun(“along with”)
• kunigi
• kuniĝi
• kunligi

Finnish

Etymology

The singular instructive case ofkuka.Originally a lesser used variant ofkuin;modern differences between the two were introduced when the language was standardized.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈkun/,[ˈkun]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-un
• Syllabification^(key):kun

Conjunction

kun

1. when,as,while(temporal: at the same time or instant that)

   Sain viestisi,kunolin jo matkalla lentokentälle.

   I got your messagewhenI was already on my way to the airport.

   Hän ilmestyi antamaan ohjeita,kunolin jo saanut työn valmiiksi.

   He showed up to give instructionswhenI had already finished the job.

2. as soon as,once;expresses that the event of the main clause takes place immediately after that of the subclause, often used with the clitic-han

   Tulen tapaamaan sinua,kun(han) saan tämän valmiiksi.

   I will come to see youas soon asI finish this job.

3. as,because,since(considering that)

   Hän menetti työpaikkansa,kuntuli aina myöhässä.

   She lost her jobbecauseshe was always late.

   En voi tulla huomenna, minullakunon aamuvuoro.

   I cannot come tomorrowasI have the morning shift.

4. Synonym ofkunpa

Derived terms

• ei kun
• kunhan
• kunpa
• silloin kun
• sitten kun
• vittuku
• voi kun

Related terms

• kuin
• kunnes

Pronoun

kun

1. (relative,colloquial)that,who,which,where

   Synonyms:joka,ken

   Täällä on eräs mies,kunhaluaisi tavata johtajaa. [standard: Täällä on eräs mies,jokahaluaisi tavata johtajaa.]

   There's a certain man herewho'd like to see the leader.

   Kuka se on,kunhuutaa? [standard: Kuka se on,kenhuutaa?]

   Who is thatwhois shouting?

Further reading

• “kun”,inKielitoimiston sanakirja[Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1](in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki:Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus(Institute for the Languages of Finland),2004–,retrieved2023-07-02

Hokkien

For pronunciation and definitions ofkun– seeQuân( “sovereign;monarch;ruler;chief;prince;lord;lord;etc.” ). (This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jīform ofQuân).

For pronunciation and definitions ofkun– seeQuân( “armed forces;army;troops;corps;army;etc.” ). (This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jīform ofQuân).

For pronunciation and definitions ofkun– seeĐều( “equal;uniform;fair;all;etc.” ). (This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jīform ofĐều).

For pronunciation and definitions ofkun– seeKhăn( “asquareitemofcloth;towel;kerchief;pieceofclothingwornon theheadinChina”). (This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jīform ofKhăn).

For pronunciation and definitions ofkun– seeCân( “catty,a unit ofweight;axe;hatchet;etc.” ). (This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jīform ofCân).

For pronunciation and definitions ofkun– seeCăn( “root;base;basis;foundation;etc.” ). (This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jīform ofCăn).

For pronunciation and definitions ofkun– seeGân( “tendon;sinew;muscle;etc.” ). (This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jīform ofGân).

For pronunciation and definitions ofkun– seeCùng( “heel;tofollow;etc.” ). (This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jīform ofCùng).

For pronunciation and definitions ofkun– seeQuân( “ancientunitofmeasureequivalentto 30cattiesor 15kilograms;etc.” ). (This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jīform ofQuân).

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[ˈkun]
• Hyphenation:kun
• Rhymes:-un

Noun

kun(pluralkunok)

1. Cuman(member of a nomadic Turkic people of central Asia)

Declension

Inflection (stem in-o-,back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	kun	kunok
accusative	kunt	kunokat
dative	kunnak	kunoknak
instrumental	kunnal	kunokkal
causal-final	kunért	kunokért
translative	kunná	kunokká
terminative	kunig	kunokig
essive-formal	kunként	kunokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	kunban	kunokban
superessive	kunon	kunokon
adessive	kunnál	kunoknál
illative	kunba	kunokba
sublative	kunra	kunokra
allative	kunhoz	kunokhoz
elative	kunból	kunokból
delative	kunról	kunokról
ablative	kuntól	kunoktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	kuné	kunoké
non-attributive possessive - plural	kunéi	kunokéi

Possessive formsofkun
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	kunom	kunjaim
2nd person sing.	kunod	kunjaid
3rd person sing.	kunja	kunjai
1st person plural	kununk	kunjaink
2nd person plural	kunotok	kunjaitok
3rd person plural	kunjuk	kunjaik

Further reading

• kuninBárczi, GézaandLászló Országh.A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára( “The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.:ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN

Ido

Preposition

kun

1. with

   Ilu iriskunelu a la parko.

   He wentwithher to the park.

Japanese

Romanization

kun

1. Rōmajitranscription ofくん

Kavalan

Etymology

Borrowed fromHokkienVáy(kûn,“skirt”).

Noun

kun

1. pants;trousers
2. skirt;sarong

Linngithigh

Adverb

kun

1. now

Maltese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/kuːn/

Verb

kun

1. second-personsingularimperativeofkien

Mandarin

Romanization

kun

1. Nonstandardspelling ofkūn.
2. Nonstandardspelling ofkǔn.
3. Nonstandardspelling ofkùn.

Usage notes

• Transcriptionsof Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the criticaltonaldifferences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle English

Noun

kun

1. Alternative form ofkyn

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

FromDanishkun.

Adverb

kun

1. only,merely

Synonyms

• bare

Nupe

Etymology

Cognate withGbariknu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/kũ̄/

Verb

kun

1. to beenough;to besufficient

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈkun/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-un
• Syllabification:kun

Noun

kunf

1. genitivepluralofkuna

Somali

Etymology

FromProto-Cushitic*kum-.

Numeral

kun

1. thousand

References

• “kun” In: Abdullah Umar Mansur (1985)Qaamuska Afsoomaliga.

Southeastern Tepehuan

Etymology

FromProto-Uto-Aztecan*kuna.

Noun

kun(third person singular possessionkunaaꞌn)

1. husband

Derived terms

• kuntaꞌ

References

• R. de Willett, Elizabeth, et al. (2016)Diccionario tepehuano de Santa María Ocotán, Durango(Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”;48)‎^[2](in Spanish), electronic edition,Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C.,page115

Sumerian

Romanization

kun

1. Romanization of𒆲(kun)

Tagalog

Alternative forms

• cun—obsolete,Spanish-based orthography

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)IPA^(key):/ˈkun/[ˈkun̪]
• Rhymes:-un
• Syllabification:kun

Conjunction

kun(Baybayin spellingᜃᜓᜈ᜔)

1. Obsoleteform ofkung.

Preposition

kun(Baybayin spellingᜃᜓᜈ᜔)

1. Obsoleteform ofkung.

Unami

Noun

kunanim

1. ice,snow(on the ground)

Derived terms

• kunapu
• kunu

References

• Rementer, Jim with Pearson, Bruce L. (2005) “kun”,in Leneaux, Grant, Whritenour, Raymond, editors,The Lenape Talking Dictionary,The Lenape Language Preservation Project

Uzbek

Other scripts
Yangi Imlo	كۇن
Cyrillic	кун‍
Latin	kun‍
Perso-Arabic (Afghanistan)	کون

Etymology

InheritedfromChagataiکون(kūn/⁠kün⁠/,“sun; day”),fromProto-Turkic*kün(“sun; day”).Cognate withUyghurكۈن/kün/күн;Turkmengün,Azerbaijaniگون/ҝүн/gün,Turkishgün;etc.

Pronunciation

• (Uzbekistani standard)IPA^(key):/kʊn/,[k̟ʰʏn]
• (Khorazm)IPA^(key):/ɡʊn/
• Hyphenation:kun

Noun

kun(pluralkunlar)

1. day
2. sun

Declension

Declension ofkun

	singular	plural
nominative	kun	kunlar
genitive	kunning	kunlarning
dative	kunga	kunlarga
definite accusative	kunni	kunlarni
locative	kunda	kunlarda
ablative	kundan	kunlardan
similative	kundek	kunlardek

Possessive forms ofkun

my	singular	plural
nominative	kunim	kunlarim
genitive	kunimning	kunlarimning
dative	kunimga	kunlarimga
definite accusative	kunimni	kunlarimni
locative	kunimda	kunlarimda
ablative	kunimdan	kunlarimdan
similative	kunimdek	kunlarimdek
your	singular	plural
nominative	kuning	kunlaring
genitive	kuningning	kunlaringning
dative	kuningga	kunlaringga
definite accusative	kuningni	kunlaringni
locative	kuningda	kunlaringda
ablative	kuningdan	kunlaringdan
similative	kuningdek	kunlaringdek
her/his/its	singular	plural
nominative	kuni	kunlari
genitive	kunining	kunlarining
dative	kuniga	kunlariga
definite accusative	kunini	kunlarini
locative	kunida	kunlarida
ablative	kunidan	kunlaridan
similative	kunidek	kunlaridek
our	singular	plural
nominative	kunimiz	kunlarimiz
genitive	kunimizning	kunlarimizning
dative	kunimizga	kunlarimizga
definite accusative	kunimizni	kunlarimizni
locative	kunimizda	kunlarimizda
ablative	kunimizdan	kunlarimizdan
similative	kunimizdek	kunlarimizdek
your	singular	plural
nominative	kuningiz	kunlaringiz
genitive	kuningizning	kunlaringizning
dative	kuningizga	kunlaringizga
definite accusative	kuningizni	kunlaringizni
locative	kuningizda	kunlaringizda
ablative	kuningizdan	kunlaringizdan
similative	kuningizdek	kunlaringizdek
their	singular	plural
nominative	kuni	kunlari
genitive	kunining	kunlarining
dative	kuniga	kunlariga
definite accusative	kunini	kunlarini
locative	kunida	kunlarida
ablative	kunidan	kunlaridan	similative	kunidek	kunlaridek

Volapük

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[kun]

Noun

kun(nominative pluralkuns)

1. cow
   • 1932,Arie de Jong,Leerboek der Wereldtaal,page19:

     Hifeilan at dalabom jevodis tel ekunisdeg.

     This farmer owns two horses and tencows.

Declension

declension ofkun

	singular	plural
nominative	kun	kuns
genitive	kuna	kunas
dative	kune	kunes
accusative	kuni	kunis
vocative1	okun!	okuns!
predicative2	kunu	kunus

• ¹status as a case is disputed
• ²in later, non-classical Volapük only

Synonyms

• jibub

Antonyms

• hibub
• tor

Derived terms

• kunül(“cow calf, female calf”)

Related terms

• bub
• veter

Wik-Mungkan

Noun

kun

1. excrement,faeces,shit

Synonyms

• kaka

Yámana

Noun

kun

1. oil

Yola

Etymology

BorrowedfromIrishcun(“stoutness, thickness”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/kʊn/

Noun

kun

1. Amasculine,forwardwoman, abrazenface.

References

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland,London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page51