para-

See also:Appendix:Variations of "para"

English

Etymology 1

FromAncient Greekπαρα-(para-,“beside, next to”).

Prefix

para-

1. beside,alongside

   parasite(feed beside),parallel(beside one another),paracapsular(alongside a capsule)

   1. parallel

      paraconformity(parallel conformity),paraxial(parallel to the axis)

2. between

   paracellular(between cells),paraconule(A conule located between a paracone and a metacone),paradiploid(intermediate between diploid and polyploid)

3. around,surrounding

   paracortex(surrounding the cortex),paradiapophysis(covering the diapophysis)

   1. covering

      paracolpitis((outer) covering of inflamed vagina)

4. adjacent,next to

   paracentral(adjacent to the center),paracaval(adjacent to the vena cava)

5. near

   paranal(near the anus),parepididymis((body part) near the epididymis),parethmoid(near the ethmoid bone)

6. oppositeof,on the far sideof

   paracavernous(On the far side of the cavernous sinus)

7. above,over

   paraductal(above the duct),paracoronoid(above the coronoid process),paracondylar(over the condyle)

8. across,through,throughout

   paracotylar([extending] across the cotyle),paraesophageal(across the esophagus),paracloacal(through the cloaca),paracostal(through the ribs),paracerebral(throughout the brain)

9. beyond

   paradox(beyond expectation),paranormal(beyond normal)paraclival(beyond the clivus)

10. abnormal

    paralgesia(abnormal sensitivity to pain)

11. incorrect
12. false

    paradiorthosis(false correction)

13. resembling

    paramilitary(resembling a military),paramylum(resembling amylum (starch))

14. unrecognized,unauthorized,orunsanctioned

    parastate(an unrecognized state),parabaptism(unauthorized baptism)

15. avoidingoravoidant

    parenteral(avoiding the intestines),paraconsistent(avoiding consistency)

16. (organic chemistry)Inisomericbenzenederivatives,having the twosubstituentsinopposite(1,4) positions (compareortho-andmeta-)

    Synonym:p-

17. relatedorpertainingto

    paraclinical(relating to things not purely clinical),parabigeminal(related to a pair of organs),parabicanonical(pertaining to a linear system of divisors equivalent to a bicanonical divisor),paracomplex(pertaining to all metric spaces and all CW-complexes)

18. affectingorconcerninglower body

    paranesthesia(affecting both sides of the lower body),paraballism(ballism affecting both legs)

Synonyms

• (between):inter-,dia-
• (around):peri-,circum-
• (adjacent):juxta-
• (near):juxta-,peri-
• (on the far side of):trans-
• (above):epi-,super-,supra-,hyper-
• (across):trans-,dia-,per-
• (beyond):trans-,hyper-,ultra-,out-,extra-,preter-
• (incorrect):mis-,mal-
• (false):pseudo-,mis-
• (resembling):quasi-,-oid,-form/-iform,-esque,-ish,-ly,-some,-y,(restricted to casual registers)-ass,(forms adjectives from nouns only)-like

Derived terms

Related terms

terms derived fromπαρά(beside, abnormal, resembling, chem.)

• P-
• parabola
• paradigm
• paradox
• parallel
• parallelogram
• paramedic
• paramilitary
• parasite
• paratext
• paravirtualization

terms derived fromπαρά(above, beyond)

• parabiology
• paranormal
• parapsychology

Translations

above, beyond

• Greek:παρα-(el)(para-)
• Japanese:Siêu(ja)(ちょう, chō)
• Korean:초( siêu )(cho-)
• Persian:پیرا(phát)(pirâ-)
• Spanish:para-(es)

having substituents on benzene rings on opposite carbon atoms

• Czech:para-
• Danish:para-

Etymology 2

FromFrenchpara-,fromItalianpara-,frompara,imperative ofparare(“to defend, shield, shroud”),fromLatinparō(“I prepare”).

Prefix

para-

1. (obsolete,not productive)toguardagainst, toavert,toshieldfrom; to provideprotectionagainst,defencefrom

Derived terms

• para-bore(jest,nonce word),protection againstbores
• paragrandine
• paravane

Related terms

terms related topara-,but not formed in English

• parachute
• parados
• paragrele
• parapet
• parasol
• paravent

Etymology 3

Fromparachute.

Prefix

para-

1. parachute

Derived terms

terms derived from para- (parachute)

• parabrake
• paracord
• paradiver
• paradoctor
• paradrop
• parafoil
• parafrag bomb
• paraglider
• parajump
• parajute
• parakiting
• parapants
• paraplane
• parasheet
• paraski
• paraspotter
• paratrooper

Etymology 4

FromParalympic.

Prefix

para-

1. disability sport

Derived terms

Paralympic sport

• para-archery
• para-athlete/parathlete
• paracanoe/para-canoe
• paracycling/para-cycling
• Paralympian/Paralympiad/Paralympics/Paralympic Games
• paraskiing/para nordic skiing
• parasport/parasports/para-sport/para-sports
• paratriathlon

See also

English terms prefixed with para-

paracetaldehyde

paracmastic

paraconic acid

paracrostic

paradamite

paraesthesia

paræsthesia

paraesthesis

paræsthesis

paralbumin

paralgesia

para-alpine

para alpine skiing

paraminophenol

paramnesia

paraamyloidosis

paramylum

paranal

paranesthesia

paranthelion

paranthracene

paraaortal

paraaortic

parapophysis

pararabin

para-archery

pararsenolamprite

paraarterial

paraarticular

para-astronaut

para-athlete

para-athletics

parautochthonous

paraxial

para-badminton

paraballism

parabaptism

parabaptist

parabaptization

parabasal

parabasisphenoid

parabenzoquinone

parabicanonical

parabigeminal

parabiologist

parabiology

parabiont

parabiosis

parabiotic

parabiotically

parablast

parabomb

parabombing

paraboson

parabosonic

parabotanist

parabotulism

parabrachial

parabrake

parabranchia

parabranchial

parabrandtite

parabronchial

parabronchitis

parabronchium

parabronchus

parabuccal

parabulbar

parabullary

parabutlerite

paracaecal

paracalcarine

paracallosal

paracancerous

paracanoe

paracanonical

paracapsular

paracarcinoma

paracarcinomatous

paracardiac

paracardial

paracarmine

paracarpel

paracasein

paracaseinate

paracaspase

paracaval

paracavernous

paracavitary

paracellular

paracelsian

paracentesis

paracentral

paracentrally

paracentric

paracentromeric

paracerebellar

paracerebral

paracervical

paracervix

paracharmonium

parachloralose

parachlorophenylalanine

parachoanal

parachordal

parachromatism

parachromatopsia

parachronic

parachronistic

parachrysotile

parachurch

paracicatricial

paracingulate

paracingulin

paraclade

paracleavage

paraclimactic

paraclimax

paraclinical

paraclinically

paraclinoid

paraclival

paracloacal

paraclone

paracoccygeal

paracodeine

paracolic

paracolonial

paracolonialism

paracolpitis

paracommissural

para-communism

paracompact

paracomplex

paracomposition

paraconal

paraconductivity

paracondylar

paracone

paraconformable

paraconformity

paraconglomerate

paraconid

paraconine

paraconsistency

paraconsistent

paracontact

paracontrast

paracontrolled

paraconule

paracoprid

paracopulatory

paracoquimbite

paracord

paracorolla

paracoronoid

paracorporeal

paracortex

paracortical

paracosm

paracosmos

paracostal

paracotylar

paracoxite

paracranial

paracranially

paracranium

paracresol

paracristid

paracrocodylomorph

paracrystal

paracrystalline

paracrystallinity

paracyanogen

paracycling

paracyclist

cycloparaphenylene

paracyclophane

paracymbium

paracymene

paracyst

paracystitis

paracytic

paradactylum

paradata

paradental

paradentary

paradermal

paradiapause

paradiapophyseal

paradiapophysis

paradichlorobenzene

paradifferential

paradiorthosis

paradiploid

paradiplomatic

paradiver

paradoctor

paradormancy

paradormant

Anagrams

• paar,Raap,ARPA,apar,ARAP,Rapa,AARP,Paar,APAR

Bikol Central

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/paɾa/ [pa.ɾa]
• Hyphenation:pa‧ra

Prefix

para-(Basahan spellingᜉᜍ)

1. used in naming any professions

Finnish

Etymology

Internationalism,ultimately fromAncient Greekπαρα-(para-,“beside, next to”).

Prefix

para-

1. para-

Derived terms

Finnish terms prefixed with para-

parainfluenssavirus

parajoukkue

parakieli

parakonsistentti

paralingvistiikka

paraoranssi

parasympaattinen

parasympatolyytti

parasympatomimeetti

paraurheilija

paravety

parayleisurheilu

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/pa.ʁa/

Etymology 1

FromAncient Greekπαρα-(para-,“beside”).

Prefix

para-

1. para-(all senses)

Derived terms

• para-hockey sur glace

Etymology 2

ViaItalianpara-,fromparare,fromLatinparō(“to shield”).

Prefix

para-

1. para-(“guarding against”)

Synonyms

• garde-(e.g.garde-boue,garde-bras)
• pare-(e.g.pare-chocs,pare-soleil)

Etymology 3

Fromparalympique(“Paralympic”).

Prefix

para-

1. para-(“disability sport”)

Derived terms

• paracyclisme
• paranatation

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed fromEnglishpara-,Frenchpara-,Italianpara-,Spanishpara-.Decision no.105, Progreso III.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈpara/

Prefix

para-

1. prefix denoting protection against, something to ward off

   ‎para-+ ‎pluvo(“rain”)→ ‎parapluvo(“umbrella”)

   ‎para-+ ‎moskito(“mosquito”)→ ‎paramoskito(“mosquito net”)

Derived terms

Ido terms prefixed with para-

parafalo

parapluvo

parasuno

References

• Progreso III(in Ido),1910–1911,page169,465

Irish

Alternative forms

• parai-(before a slender consonant)

Etymology

FromAncient Greekπαρα-(para-).

Prefix

para-

1. para-

Derived terms

Irish terms prefixed with para-

paraigineas

paramorfacht

parathagra

Mutation

Mutated formsofpara-

radical	lenition	eclipsis
para-	phara-	bpara-

Note:Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall(1977) “para(i)-”,inFoclóir Gaeilge–Béarla,Dublin: An Gúm,→ISBN

Italian

Etymology

FromAncient Greekπαρα-(para-).

Prefix

para-

1. para-(all senses)

Anagrams

• apar,apra,arpa,rapa

Polish

Etymology

Learned borrowingfromAncient Greekπαρα-(para-).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/pa.ra/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ara
• Syllabification:[please specify syllabification manually]
• Homophones:para,Para

Prefix

para-

1. para-(resembling)

Derived terms

Polish terms prefixed with para-

paradokument

paralotnia

paranormalny

Further reading

• para-in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

FromAncient Greekπαρα-(para-).

Prefix

para-(Cyrillic spellingпара-)

1. Para-.

   ‎para-+ ‎nàuka(“science”)→ ‎paranauka(“parascience”)

   ‎para-+ ‎nȍrmālno(“normally”)→ ‎paranormalno(“paranormal”)

Spanish

Etymology

BorrowedfromAncient Greekπαρα-(para-).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/paɾa/[pa.ɾa]
• Syllabification:pa‧ra-

Prefix

para-

1. para-

Derived terms

• Spanish terms prefixed with para-

  parabiosis

  paralenguaje

  paramagnético

  paramilitar

  paranasal

  paranormal

  paraolfatorio

  parapetrolero

  parapolicía

  parapolicial

  pararrenal

  parasimpático

  parasintético

  parasuicida

  parasuicidio

  paraterminal

  paratión

  paratraqueal

  paraumbilical

Further reading

• “para-”,inDiccionario de la lengua española[Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8,Royal Spanish Academy[Spanish:Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

Welsh

Etymology

SeeEnglishpara-,fromAncient Greekπαρα-(para-).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˌpara/

Prefix

para-

1. para-

   ‎para-+ ‎meddyg(“doctor”)→ ‎parafeddyg(“paramedic”)

   ‎para-+ ‎normal(“normal”)→ ‎paranormal(“paranormal”)

   ‎para-+ ‎ymatebol(“responsive, reactive”)→ ‎paraymatebol(“parasympathetic”)

Derived terms

Welsh terms prefixed with para-

parafeddyg

paraseicoleg

Mutation

Mutated formsofpara-

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
para-	bara-	mhara-	phara-

Note:Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “para-”,inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online(in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies