process

See also:Process

English

Etymology 1

FromMiddle Englishproces,fromOld Frenchprocés(“journey”),fromLatinprōcessus(“course, progression”),nominalization ofprōcēdō(“proceed, advance”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation)enPR:prōʹsĕs,IPA^(key):/ˈpɹəʊsɛs/

• Audio(UK):

  (file)

• (General American)enPR:prŏʹsĕs,IPA^(key):/ˈpɹɑsɛs/,/-əs/

• Audio(US):

  (file)

• (Canada,rarely US)enPR:prōʹsĕs,IPA^(key):/ˈpɹoʊsɛs/,/-əs/(noun only, the verb is pronounced as in the US)
• Hyphenation:pro‧cess

Noun

process(pluralprocesses)

2. A series of events leading to aresultorproduct.

   Thisproductof last month's quality standards committee is quite good, even though theprocesswas flawed.

   • 2011September 27, Alistair Magowan, “Bayern Munich 2-0 Man City”,inBBC Sport:

     But they came up against an impressive force in Bayern, who extended their run to 10 wins on the trot, having scored 28 goals in theprocessand conceding none.

   • 2013June 22, “T time”,inThe Economist,volume407,number8841,page68:

     Yet in “Through a Latte, Darkly”, a new study of how Starbucks has largely avoided paying tax in Britain, Edward Kleinbard[…]shows that current tax rules make it easy for all sorts of firms to generate what he calls “stateless income”:[…]In Starbucks’s case, the firm has in effect turned theprocessof making an expensive cup of coffee into intellectual property.

   • 2019October, John Glover, “Heathrow rail expansion”, inModern Railways,page73:

     For each of the schemes discussed, there is the four-stageprocessof planning, funding, delivery and operations, in which the various parties involved might be the lead, a partner or an influencer.

3. (manufacturing)Thesetofproceduresused in the manufacture of aproduct,especially in thefoodandchemicalindustries.
   • 1960,Mack Tyner,ProcessEngineering Calculations: Material and Energy Balances– Ordinarily aprocessplant will use a steam boiler to supply itsprocessheat requirements and to drive a steam-turbine generator.
   • 1987,J. R. Richards,Principles of control system designinModelling and control of fermentationprocesses– The wordsplantorprocessinfer generally any dynamic system, be it primarily mechanical, electrical, or chemicalprocessin nature, and may extend also to include social or economic systems.
4. A path or succession of states through which asystempasses.
   • 2012January, Robert L. Dorit, “Rereading Darwin”, inAmerican Scientist‎^[1],volume100,number 1, archived fromthe originalon14 November 2012,page23:

     We live our lives in three dimensions for our threescore and ten allotted years. Yet every branch of contemporary science, from statistics to cosmology, alludes toprocessesthat operate on scales outside of human experience: the millisecond and the nanometer, the eon and the light-year.

5. (biology)Successive physiological responses to keep or restore health.
6. (law)Documents issued by a court in the course of a lawsuit or action at law, such as asummons,mandate,orwrit.
   • 1711,John Spotiswood,The Form of Process‎^[2],section 39:

     But if either atCallingby the Clerk, after theSession Bell,or before the Ordinary by theRoll,anAdvocatcompears, and craves to beMarkedfor theDefender,and to see theProcess;TheClerkin the firstCase,and theJudgein the second, will allow him to see it

7. (anatomy)An outgrowth oftissuearising above a surface, such as might form part of ajointor the attachment point for amuscle.
9. (computing)Anexecutabletaskorprogram.
10. The centre mark that players aim at in the game ofsquails.

Hyponyms

• Augustin process
• Bell-Krupp process
• Bell process
• Bernoulli process
• Bessemer process
• Birkeland-Eyde process
• Breit-Wheeler process
• Chinese restaurant process
• Chorleywood process
• Downs' process
• Downs process
• Hawkes process
• jump process
• Lincoln County process
• Mannheim process
• Markov renewal process
• Pattinson process
• Poisson process
• probabilistic process
• probability process
• random process
• Unified Process
• Unified Software Development Process
• Ziervogel process

Derived terms

some are hyponyms (need moving!)

• abuse of process
• acrocoracoid process
• alveolar process
• ammonia process
• background process
• barrel process
• basic process
• batch process
• bodily process
• Bower-Barff process
• branching process
• carbon process
• Castner process
• cazo process
• ciliary process
• clinoid process
• cold rain process
• contact process
• coracoid process
• coronoid process
• cross-process
• cryo process
• cryo-process
• cumene process
• cyanide process
• Czochralski process
• Deacon's process
• Dongola process
• Dow process
• due process
• due process of law
• Dutch process
• ensiform process
• Fischer-Tropsch process
• Fourcault process
• Fowler process
• Frank-Caro process
• Frasch process
• frontal process
• full process
• Galton-Watson process
• Gayley process
• Haber process
• Hall-Héroult process
• Harvey process
• Hock process
• in-process
• interprocess
• inter-process communication
• in the process
• in the process of
• ironic process theory
• kraft process
• Krupp process
• lead chamber process
• Leblanc process
• legislative process
• LiBeB process
• lost-wax process
• Manhès process
• Markov jump process
• Markov process
• mastoid process
• Niepce's process
• odontoid process
• orbital process
• Oslo process
• out-process
• Paget process
• paramastoid process
• paraoccipital process
• Parkes process
• paroccipital process
• patio process
• Pattinson's process
• Payne's process
• peace process
• Penrose process
• pre-process
• process art
• process butter
• process color
• process colour
• process hot water
• process manufacturing
• process mining
• process of elimination
• process of green wax
• process oil
• process-oriented
• process plate
• process server
• process theology
• process time
• process tomography
• process upset
• process window index
• process worker
• pterygoid process
• quantum process tomography
• Raschig-Hooker process
• r-process
• semi-Markov process
• service of process
• Siemens-Martin process
• soda process
• Solvay process
• spinous process
• s-process
• stack process
• statistical process control
• stochastic process
• styloid process
• sulfate process
• Taylor-White process
• Thomas process
• Thomson process
• thought process
• thought-process
• transverse process
• Triger process
• trust the process
• uncinate process
• vaginal process
• Verneuil process
• Wacker process
• Washoe process
• Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen process
• Weldon process
• work in process
• xiphoid process
• zombie process
• zygomatic process

Related terms

• proceed
• procedure

Descendants

• →Japanese:プロセス(purosesu)

Translations

series of events to produce a result

• Afrikaans:proses(af)
• Albanian:proces(sq)m
• Arabic:عَمَلِيَّةf(ʕamaliyya)
• Armenian:պրոցես(hy)(procʻes),գործընթաց(hy)(gorcəntʻacʻ)
• Assamese:প্ৰক্ৰিয়া(prokria)
• Azerbaijani:proses,hadisə(az),sürəc(neologism)
• Basque:prozesu(eu)
• Belarusian:працэ́сm(pracés)
• Bengali:প্রক্রিয়া(bn)(prokriẏa)
• Bulgarian:проце́с(bg)m(procés)
• Burmese:ဖြစ်စဉ်(my)(hpraccany)
• Catalan:procés(ca)m
• Chinese:

  Cantonese:Quá trình／Quá trình(gwo³cing⁴)

  Mandarin:Quá trình／Quá trình(zh)(guòchéng)

• Czech:proces(cs)m
• Danish:procesc,forløb(da)n
• Dutch:proces(nl)n
• Estonian:protsess
• Finnish:prosessi(fi),menetelmä(fi),menettely(fi)
• French:procès(fr)m,processus(fr)m
• Galician:proceso(gl)m
• Georgian:პროცესი(ṗrocesi)
• German:Prozess(de)m,Verlauf(de)m
• Greek:διαδικασία(el)f(diadikasía)
• Hebrew:תַּהֲלִיךְ(he)m(tahalíkh)
• Hindi:प्रक्रिया(hi)f(prakriyā)
• Hungarian:folyamat(hu)
• Icelandic:ferlin
• Indonesian:proses(id)
• Irish:próiseas(ga)m
• Italian:processo(it)m,procedimento(it)m,procedura(it)f
• Japanese:Quá trình(ja)(かてい, katei),Công trình(ja)(こうてい, kōtei)
• Kazakh:процесс(prosess),барыс(barys)
• Khmer:ទំនង(km)(tumnɔɔng)
• Korean:프로세스(peuroseseu),과정( quá trình )(ko)(gwajeong)
• Kyrgyz:процесс(protsess)
• Lao:ຂະບວນການ(lo)(kha būan kān)
• Latvian:processm
• Lithuanian:procesas(lt)m
• Macedonian:процесm(proces)
• Malay:proses
• Maori:hātepe
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic:үйл явц(üjl javc),процесс(process)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål:prosess(no)m

  Nynorsk:prosessm

• Occitan:procès(oc)m
• Persian:

  Iranian Persian:فَرْآیَنْد(phát)(far'âyand),پْروسِه(phát)(prose),رَوَنْد(phát)(ravand)

• Polish:proces(pl)m
• Portuguese:processo(pt)m
• Romanian:proces(ro)n
• Russian:проце́сс(ru)m(procéss)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic:про̀цесm

  Roman:pròces(sh)m

• Slovak:proces(sk)m
• Slovene:procesm
• Spanish:proceso(es)m
• Swedish:process(sv)c,förlopp(sv)n
• Tagalog:proseso
• Tajik:раванд(ravand)
• Thai:กระบวนการ(th)(grà-buuan-gaan)
• Turkish:süreç(tr),proses(tr)
• Turkmen:proses
• Ukrainian:проце́с(uk)m(procés)
• Urdu:عَمَلِیَتf('amaliyat),عَمَلm('amal),طَرِیقَہm(tarīqa)
• Uzbek:protsess(uz)
• Vietnamese:qui trình(vi),quá trình(vi)
• Yiddish:פּראָצעסm(protses)

path of succession of states through which a system passes

• Afrikaans:proses(af)
• Arabic:عِلْمِيَّةf(ʕilmiyya),مُعَالَجَةf(muʕālaja)
• Bulgarian:ход(bg)m(hod),разви́тие(bg)n(razvítie)
• Catalan:procés(ca)m
• Chinese:

  Cantonese:Quá trình／Quá trình(gwo³cing⁴)

  Mandarin:Quá trình／Quá trình(zh)(guòchéng)

• Czech:děj(cs)m
• Finnish:prosessi(fi),kulku(fi),työnkulku
• French:processus(fr)m
• Greek:διεργασία(el)f(diergasía)
• Hindi:प्रगति(hi)(pragti),विकास(hi)(vikās)
• Hungarian:folyamat(hu)
• Irish:próiseas(ga)m
• Italian:processo(it)m,procedimento(it)m
• Japanese:プロセス(ja)(purosesu)
• Maori:hātepe
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic:явц(mn)(javc)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål:prosess(no)m

  Nynorsk:prosessm

• Occitan:procès(oc)m,procediment(oc)m
• Portuguese:processo(pt)m,procedimento(pt)m
• Russian:проце́сс(ru)m(procéss),ход(ru)m(xod),разви́тие(ru)n(razvítije)
• Spanish:proceso(es)m
• Swedish:process(sv)c
• Tagalog:proseso
• Turkish:işlem(tr)

successive physiological responses to keep or restore health

• Afrikaans:proses(af)
• Catalan:procés(ca)m
• Finnish:prosessi(fi),tapahtumasarja
• French:processus(fr)
• Italian:processo(it)
• Portuguese:processo(pt)
• Spanish:proceso(es)m,(anatomy)apéndice(es)m
• Tagalog:proseso

tissue that arises above a surface

• Finnish:uloke(fi),lisäke(fi)(anatomy)
• German:Fortsatz(de)m
• Irish:starrf
• Spanish:apófisis(es)f

(computing) an executable task or program

• Afrikaans:proses(af)
• Catalan:procés(ca)m,procediment(ca)m
• Czech:proces(cs)m
• Finnish:prosessi(fi),tehtävä(fi)
• Greek:διεργασία(el)f(diergasía)
• Italian:processo(it)m
• Maori:tukanga
• Polish:proces(pl)m
• Portuguese:processo(pt)m

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Dutch:^{(pleaseverify)}bewerken(nl),^{(pleaseverify)}bewerking(nl),^{(pleaseverify)}ontwikkelingsgang(nl),^{(pleaseverify)}proces(nl),^{(pleaseverify)}verloop(nl)
• Esperanto:^{(pleaseverify)}prilaboro,^{(pleaseverify)}procezo
• French:^{(pleaseverify)}recette(fr),^{(pleaseverify)}processus(fr)m,^{(pleaseverify)}procedé(fr),^{(pleaseverify)}proceder(fr)
• Galician:^{(pleaseverify)}proceso(gl)m
• Ido:^{(pleaseverify)}recepto(io)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish:^{(pleaseverify)}ھۆکار(hokar)

  Northern Kurdish:^{(pleaseverify)}prose(ku),^{(pleaseverify)}qonax(ku),^{(pleaseverify)}pêvajo(ku),^{(pleaseverify)}doman(ku),^{(pleaseverify)}derax(ku),^{(pleaseverify)}demajo(ku),^{(pleaseverify)}vetîre(ku)

• Telugu:^{(pleaseverify)}విధానం(te)(vidhānaṁ)

Verb

process(third-person singular simple presentprocesses,present participleprocessing,simple past and past participleprocessed)

1. (transitive)To perform a particular process on a thing.
2. (transitive)To retrieve, store, classify, manipulate, transmit etc. (data, signals, etc.), especially using computer techniques.

   We haveprocessedthe data using our proven techniques, and have come to the following conclusions.

   • 2006,Michael Grecco,Lighting and the Dramatic Portrait,Amphoto Books,→ISBN,page92:

     If youprocessyou own digital files, it's as time consuming, or maybe even more time consuming, than it is toprocessand print your own film.

3. (transitive,figurative)To think about a piece of information, or a concept, in order toassimilateit, and perhapsacceptit in a modified state.

   I didn't know she had a criminal record. That will take me a while toprocess.

4. (transitive,photography,film)Todevelopphotographic film.
5. (transitive,law)To take legal proceedings against.
   • 1845,Report from Her Majesty's Commissioners of inquiry into the state of the law and practice in respect to the occupation of land in Ireland:

     When I saw that he would not let me alone, Iprocessedhim for £12. My mother was with his brother John, and he allowed her six guineas for clothes; and if she did not want the money, he would allow it to me in the rent, and I made him pay that when he would not leave me alone.

Derived terms

• processed
• processor

Translations

to perform a particular process

• Arabic:جَهَّزَ(jahhaza)
• Armenian:please add this translation if you can
• Bulgarian:обработвам(bg)(obrabotvam)
• Catalan:processar(ca),tractar(ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin:please add this translation if you can

• Czech:^{(pleaseverify)}zpracovat(cs)
• Dutch:uitvoeren(nl),verwerken(nl)
• Esperanto:please add this translation if you can
• Finnish:käsitellä(fi)
• French:traiter(fr)
• Georgian:please add this translation if you can
• German:verarbeiten(de)
• Greek:επεξεργάζομαι(el)(epexergázomai)
• Hebrew:עיבד(ibéd)
• Italian:elaborare(it),processare(it)
• Japanese:please add this translation if you can
• Kazakh:өңдеу(öñdeu)
• Khmer:ដំណើរការ(dɑmnaə kaa)
• Maori:hātepe,tukatuka
• Mongolian:please add this translation if you can
• Polish:przetwarzać(pl)impf
• Portuguese:processar(pt),tratar(pt)
• Russian:обраба́тывать(ru)impf(obrabátyvatʹ),обрабо́тать(ru)pf(obrabótatʹ)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic:обра́дитиpf,обрађи́ватиimpf

  Roman:obráditi(sh)pf,obrađívati(sh)impf

• Spanish:procesar(es),tratar(es)
• Thai:please add this translation if you can
• Turkish:please add this translation if you can
• Ukrainian:обробля́тиimpf(obrobljáty),оброби́тиpf(obrobýty)
• Vietnamese:tiến hành(vi)
• Yiddish:פּראָצעסירן(protsesirn)

to think information over, and assimilate it

• Bulgarian:осмислям(bg)(osmisljam)
• Catalan:rumiar(ca),pair(ca)(informal)
• Dutch:verwerken(nl)
• Finnish:käsitellä(fi)
• French:digérer(fr)(informal)
• German:verdauen(de)(informal)
• Greek:επεξεργάζομαι(el)(epexergázomai)
• Hungarian:feldolgoz(hu)
• Italian:realizzare(it)
• Japanese:Sẽ đến する(ja)(えとくする, etoku suru)
• Polish:asymilowaćimpf,przyswajać(pl)impf
• Portuguese:digerir(pt),ruminar(pt)
• Spanish:procesar(es)
• Swedish:bearbeta(sv)
• Ukrainian:обробля́тиimpf(obrobljáty),оброби́тиpf(obrobýty)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Irish:^{(pleaseverify)}próiseáilf

Etymology 2

Back-formationfromprocession.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation,General American,Canada)enPR:prə-sĕsʹ,IPA^(key):/pɹəˈsɛs/
• Hyphenation:pro‧cess
• Rhymes:-ɛs

Verb

process(third-person singular simple presentprocesses,present participleprocessing,simple past and past participleprocessed)

1. To walk in aprocession,especially in aliturgicalcontext.
   • 2004,Robert S. Nelson, chapter 1, inHagia Sophia, 1850–1950: Holy Wisdom Modern Monument‎^[3],page13:

     Prayers completed and Psalms ending, patriarch, emperor, and their sumptuously clad entourages move past the open, silver-clad wings of the Imperial Door andprocessinto the crowded nave and continue to the sanctuary at the east.

Translations

to walk in a procession

• Catalan:anar de processó
• Italian:processionare

Anagrams

• Cospers,Crespos,corpses,scopers

Latvian

Etymology

FromLatinprōcessus(“progression, progress, process”),perfect passive participle ofprōcēdō(“I advance, proceed”),fromprō-+‎cēdō(“I go, move, proceed”).

Noun

processm(1st declension)

1. process

Declension

Declension ofprocess(1st declension)

	singular(vienskaitlis)	plural(daudzskaitlis)
nominative(nominatīvs)	process	procesi
accusative(akuzatīvs)	procesu	procesus
genitive(ģenitīvs)	procesa	procesu
dative(datīvs)	procesam	procesiem
instrumental(instrumentālis)	procesu	procesiem
locative(lokatīvs)	procesā	procesos
vocative(vokatīvs)	proces	procesi

Swedish

Etymology

FromLatinprocessus(“progression, progress, process”),perfect passive participle ofprōcēdō(“I advance, proceed”),fromprō-+‎cēdō(“I go, move, proceed”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/prʊˈsɛs/

• Audio;“en process”:

  (file)

Noun

processc

1. process
2. (law)litigation,proceedings

Declension

Declension ofprocess

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	process	process
	definite	processen	processens
plural	indefinite	processer	processers
	definite	processerna	processernas

Derived terms

• processa
• häxprocess
• skådeprocess

Related terms

• processuell

References

• processinSvenska Akademiens ordlista(SAOL)
• processinSvensk ordbok(SO)
• processinSvenska Akademiens ordbok(SAOB)