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Page categories
Translingual
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Modification of capital letterRby not closing the bottom of the loop but continuing into the leg to save a pen stroke, later shortening the right leg into a simple arc.
Alternative forms
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(upper caseR)
- The eighteenth letter of thebasic modern Latin Alpha bet.
See also
[edit]- (Latin script):AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSſsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz
- (Variations of letter R):ŔŕŘřṘṙŖŗȐȑȒȓṚṛṜṝṞṟɌɍⱤɽᵲᶉɼɾᵳƦʀRr
- (select symbols)®ℝɻr̃
- (other scripts)Cyrillicр(r)я(ja),Greekρ(r,“rho”),Hebrewר(r,“resh”),Hangeulㄹ(r,“rieul”)
- dog's letter
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronunciation of IPA[rɑː, ɑrrɑː]with the sound[r]: (file)
Symbol
[edit]r
- Abbreviationofronto-.
- (engineering,geometry)radius
- (IPA)(a) analveolartrill.
- (b)Used inbroad transcriptionfor any rhotic consonant, e.g. in English, French or Japanese where the⟨r⟩is not a trill[r].
- (c)(superscript⟨ʳ⟩)an[r]-trillrelease(of aplosive); a weak, fleeting or epenthetic[r].
- (d)(superscript,obsolete)a non-trilledrhoticcoloration oroffglideof avowel;arhotic vowel,now formed with⟨◌˞⟩or a more-precise transcription such as⟨ʴ⟩– see⟨ʳ⟩.
- (transcription)used in several romanization systems of non-Latin scripts to represent variousrhoticsounds:
- (chemistry)of a tactic diad, having structural units in opposition.
- (physics)relative.E.g.vrorvrfor relativevelocity.
Synonyms
[edit]- (Romanization ofרּ,“reish”, “resh”, “rēš ḥāzāq”):rr(in the Hebrew Academy (1953 and 2006) and ISO 259 transliteration schemes)
Gallery
[edit]-
Uppercase and lowercase versions ofR,in normal and italic type
-
Uppercase and lowercaseRinFraktur
See also
[edit]Other representations of R:
English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Old English lower case letterr,from 7th century replacement by Latin lower caserof the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letterᚱ.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (letter name):
- (phoneme):
Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR,pluralrsorr's)
- The eighteenthletterof the EnglishAlpha bet,calledarand written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)letter;Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz
Number
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- Theordinalnumbereighteenth,derived from thisletterof the EnglishAlpha bet,calledarand written in theLatin script.
Etymology 2
[edit]Fromareandour,pronounced like the name of the letterr.
Verb
[edit]r
- (Internetslang,text messaging)Abbreviationofare.
- Howru―Howareyou?
- 2018,Tommy Orange,“Jacquie Red Feather”, inThere There,New York, N.Y.:Vintage Books,→ISBN,page100:
- Whatru doing?Jacquie texted Opal. She put her phone on the bed and went to her suitcase to get her swimsuit.
Translations
[edit]Determiner
[edit]r
- (Internetslang,text messaging)Abbreviationofour.
- 2013,Jessica Burkhart,Home for Christmas(Canterwood Crest;Super Special), New York, NY:Aladdin M!X,→ISBN,page44:
- This was supposed 2 be a SURPRISE, but the girls got it out of me. ☺ I wanted all of us 2 spend Xmas 2gether. By all, I meanrhorses 2. Sooo... B, C, G, Z, & D, you have guests waiting @ BC. Zane, Valentino, Scout, Nero, & Polo r there! Now we can riderhorses when we r not volunteering & spend Xmas w them. ☺
Etymology 3
[edit]Abbreviations.
r
- (stenoscript)the sound sequence /ɑr/, including the verbare
- (stenoscript)Abbreviationofherand inflectionhers.
- (stenoscript)Abbreviationofour,inflectionours,and homophonehour.
See also
[edit]Azerbaijani
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]rlower case(upper caseR)
- The twenty-fourthletterof the AzerbaijaniAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)hərf;Aa,Bb,Cc,Çç,Dd,Ee,Əə,Ff,Gg,Ğğ,Hh,Xx,Iı,İi,Jj,Kk,Qq,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Öö,Pp,Rr,Ss,Şş,Tt,Uu,Üü,Vv,Yy,Zz
Basque
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- The nineteenthletterof the BasqueAlpha bet,callederreand written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)Aa,Bb,Cc(Çç),Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Ññ,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu(Üü),Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz
Central Mazahua
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(upper caseR)
- A letter of theMazahuaAlpha bet.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)Aa,Ⱥⱥ,A̱a̱,Bb,Cc,Cꞌcꞌ,Cjcj,Cucu,Cꞌucꞌu,Cjucju,Chch,Chꞌchꞌ,Chjchj,Dd,Dydy,Ee,Ɇɇ,E̱e̱,Gg,Gugu,Huhu,ꞌHuꞌhu,Ii,I̱i̱,Jj,Jꞌjꞌ,Jmjm,Jnjn,Jñjñ,Juju,Jyjy,Ll,Mm,Mꞌmꞌ,Nn,Nꞌnꞌ,Ññ,Ñꞌñꞌ,Oo,Øø,O̱o̱,Pp,Pjpj,Rr,Ss,Tt,Tꞌtꞌ,Tjtj,Tsts,Tsꞌtsꞌ,Tsjtsj,Uu,Ꞹꞹ,U̱u̱,Xx,Zz,Zhzh,ꞌ
Dutch
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- The eighteenthletterof the DutchAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]See also
[edit]Egyptian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]The actual reading of this word is uncertain, as it is always written as an ideogram, but evidence from Coptic suggests the original wasrꜣ.The extension in meaning to ‘part, piece, fraction’ might be either by way of a mouthful being used as a standard share in some distribution of food or goods,[1]or else extended from its meaning of ‘opening’ > ‘division’.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (reconstructed)IPA(key):/ɾaʀ/→/ɾaʀ/→/ɾaʔ/→/ɾaʔ/[2]
- (modern Egyptological)IPA(key):/ɛr/
- Conventional anglicization:er
- (modern Egyptological,as pronounced by Americans)IPA(key):/ɝ/
Noun
[edit]m
- mouth(of humans or animals)
- (figuratively,chiefly in titles)speaker,mouthpiece
- utterance,statement
- especially,ritualutterance,spell
- (rare)language,mannerofspeech
- opening,hole
- bodilyorifice,openingof thehumanbodyin general, includingeyes,ears,nostrils,thevulva,andopenwounds
- entranceto abuildingor otherenclosedstructure,doorway
- c.1401BCE,Amduat of Amenhotep II(tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, lines 8–9:
- jw hy n rꜥ rr(ꜣ)ꜥꜣwj tꜣ hnw n.k srq ꜣḫw ꜥq.k sbꜣ n(j) wrt
- May there be cries of joy for Ra at theopeningof the double doors of the earth, and acclaim for you who make theakh-spirits breathe when you enter the door of the Great (i.e. the afterworld).
- entranceto alandorplacein general
- mouthof ariver
- water’sedge,waterline
- (especially in compounds)placeorthingseen as anopeningfrom one point to another,passage,thoroughfare
- ameasureofvolumeequivalent to1⁄32of ahnwor1⁄320of aḥqꜣt(about15millilitres);mouthful
- part,piece,fraction
- (mathematics)used as a numerator of 1 in fractions, literally “piece of (the denominator)”.
- 12th Dynasty,Siut Tomb I, 285, published in Griffith, Francis Llewellyn,The inscriptions of Siûṭ and Dêr Rîfeh:
- r(ꜣ)ḫmtw-št sjsjw
- 1⁄360
- 12th Dynasty,Siut Tomb I, 285, published in Griffith, Francis Llewellyn,The inscriptions of Siûṭ and Dêr Rîfeh:
Usage notes
[edit]Inflection
[edit]In the sense of ‘mouth’ the plural is rare, as the singular is usually used even in reference to the mouths of multiple people.
Alternative forms
[edit]r | r | jr | r | |||||||||
[New Kingdom] | [21st Dynasty] | [Greco-Roman Period] | ||||||||||
rare | in hieratic |
The senses relating to ‘opening, doorway’ sometimes carry different determinatives:
r | r | ||||||
[Old and Middle Kingdoms and Greco-Roman Period] | [Old and Middle Kingdoms and Greco-Roman Period] | ||||||
in senses relating to ‘opening, doorway’ | in senses relating to ‘opening, doorway’ |
The sense ‘water’s edge’ is similarly sometimes found with a different determinative:
r |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Demotic:rꜣ
Etymology 2
[edit]Possibly cognate toHebrewאֶל(ʾel,“to, at”),Arabicإِلَى(ʔilā,“to, until, near”).[4]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (reconstructed)IPA(key):/jiɾ/→/jiʔ/→/ʔə/→/ʔə/
- (modern Egyptological)IPA(key):/ɛr/
- Conventional anglicization:er
- (modern Egyptological,US)IPA(key):/ɝ/
Preposition
[edit]- regarding,with respect to,concerning,according to
- in order to,for(the purpose of)
- (with following infinitive)forms theperiphrasticprospectiveof a verb
- (with verbs of motion,of places)to,towards
- (in adverbial sentences,of places, roles, or functions)headedfor,destinedfor,boundfor
- (of time)at,in,on
- against,inoppositionto
- from,apart from (ablative)
- (after an adjective or adverb,forming the comparative)than,bycomparisonto
- (generally in sentence-initial formjr)introduces theprotasisof aconditionalsentence;if,when,as
- (with a verb in theterminativeas object)until
Inflection
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Particle
[edit]enclitic
Usage notes
[edit]This usage is distinguished from the preposition by the fact that it occurs as the enclitic second element in a clause instead of at the end of a clause, as is otherwise the case with prepositional phrases.
Alternative forms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- “rʾ (lemma ID 92560)”,“r (lemma ID 91900)”,and “jr (lemma ID 28170)”,inThesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[1],Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig,2004–26 July 2023
- Erman, Adolf,Grapow, Hermann(1926)Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[2],volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag,→ISBN,pages103.6–103.9
- Erman, Adolf,Grapow, Hermann(1928)Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[3],volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag,→ISBN,pages386.6–388.10, 389.1–392.10
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver(1962)A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian,Oxford: Griffith Institute,→ISBN,pages145–146
- James P[eter] Allen(2010)Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs,2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,→ISBN,pages65, 71, 87, 118, 170, 179–180, 196, 410–411.
- Gardiner, Alan(1957)Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs,third edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute,→ISBN,page429
- Hoch, James (1997)Middle Egyptian Grammar,Mississauga: Benben Publications,→ISBN,page42
- ^Palma, Helena Lopez (2015) “Egyptian Fractional Numerals: The grammar of Egyptian NPs and statements with fractional number expressions” inLingua Aegyptia,volume 23, page 199
- ^Loprieno, Antonio (1995)Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,→ISBN,page58
- ^Sethe, Kurt (1916)Von Zahlen und Zahlworten bei den alten Ägyptern,page 82–83
- ^Hoch, James (1997)Middle Egyptian Grammar,Mississauga: Benben Publications,→ISBN,page15
Esperanto
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- The twenty-firstletterof the EsperantoAlpha bet,calledroand written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)litero;Aa,Bb,Cc,Ĉĉ,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Ĝĝ,Hh,Ĥĥ,Ii,Jj,Ĵĵ,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Rr,Ss,Ŝŝ,Tt,Uu,Ŭŭ,Vv,Zz
Estonian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- The eighteenthletterof the EstonianAlpha bet,callederrand written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)täht;Aa,Bb(Cc),Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp(Qq),Rr,Ss,Šš,Zz,Žž,Tt,Uu,Vv(Ww),Õõ,Ää,Öö,Üü(Xx,Yy)
Faroese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(upper caseR)
- The twentiethletterof the FaroeseAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)bókstavur;Aa,Áá,Bb,Dd,Ðð,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Íí,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Óó,Pp,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Úú,Vv,Yy,Ýý,Ææ,Øø
Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. Seethe Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information,andrfor information on the development of the glyph itself.
Pronunciation
[edit]Audio;“är,kärrynpyörä,särky,är”: (file)
Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- The eighteenthletterof the FinnishAlpha bet,calledärorerand written in theLatin script.
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)kirjain;Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss(Šš),Tt,Uu,Vv(Ww),Xx,Yy,Zz(Žž),Åå,Ää,Öö
French
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- The eighteenthletterof the FrenchAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.
Fula
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- Aletterof the FulaAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.
Usage notes
[edit]See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)karfeeje;',Aa,Bb,Mbmb,Ɓɓ,Cc,Dd,Ndnd,Ɗɗ,Ee,Ff,Gg,Ngng,Ɠɠ,Hh,Ii,Jj,Njnj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Ŋŋ,Ññ,Ɲɲ,Oo,Pp,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Ww,Yy,Ƴƴ
Gothic
[edit]Romanization
[edit]r
- Romanization of𐍂
Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- The twenty-ninthletterof the HungarianAlpha bet,callederrand written in theLatin script.
Declension
[edit]Inflection (stem in-e-,front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | r | r-ek |
accusative | r-et | r-eket |
dative | r-nek | r-eknek |
instrumental | r-rel | r-ekkel |
causal-final | r-ért | r-ekért |
translative | r-ré | r-ekké |
terminative | r-ig | r-ekig |
essive-formal | r-ként | r-ekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | r-ben | r-ekben |
superessive | r-en | r-eken |
adessive | r-nél | r-eknél |
illative | r-be | r-ekbe |
sublative | r-re | r-ekre |
allative | r-hez | r-ekhez |
elative | r-ből | r-ekből |
delative | r-ről | r-ekről |
ablative | r-től | r-ektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
r-é | r-eké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
r-éi | r-ekéi |
Possessive formsofr | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | r-em | r-jeim |
2nd person sing. | r-ed | r-jeid |
3rd person sing. | r-je | r-jei |
1st person plural | r-ünk | r-jeink |
2nd person plural | r-etek | r-jeitek |
3rd person plural | r-jük | r-jeik |
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)betű;Aa,Áá,Bb,Cc,Cscs,Dd,Dzdz,Dzsdzs,Ee,Éé,Ff,Gg,Gygy,Hh,Ii,Íí,Jj,Kk,Ll,Lyly,Mm,Nn,Nyny,Oo,Óó,Öö,Őő,Pp,Rr,Ss,Szsz,Tt,Tyty,Uu,Úú,Üü,Űű,Vv,Zz,Zszs.Only in the extended Alpha bet:QqWwXxYy.Commonly used:ch.Also defined:àë.In surnames (selection):äaaczdseéeöewoeoóthtsÿ.
Further reading
[edit]- rinBárczi, GézaandLászló Országh.A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára( “The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.:ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN
Icelandic
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(upper caseR)
- The twenty-firstletterof the IcelandicAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)bókstafur;Aa,Áá,Bb,Dd,Ðð,Ee,Éé,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Íí,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Óó,Pp,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Úú,Vv,Xx,Yy,Ýý,Þþ,Ææ,Öö
Ido
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(upper caseR)
- The eighteenthletterof the IdoAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)litero;Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz
Italian
[edit]Letter
[edit]rform(invariable,lower case,upper caseR)
- The sixteenthletterof the ItalianAlpha bet,callederreand written in theLatin script.
Kankanaey
[edit]Etymology
[edit]BorrowedfromTagalogr.Letter pronunciation is influenced byEnglishr.
Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- The twentiethletterof the KankanaeyAlpha bet,calledarand written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)letra;Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Ññ,Ngng,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz
References
[edit]- Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016)Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy[4](in Kankanaey and Tagalog),→ISBN,pages10-11
Kashubian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin Alpha bet. No earlier script is known. See theKashubian Alpha betarticle on Wikipedia for more, andrfor development of the glyph itself.
Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- The twenty-fifthletterof the KashubianAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)Aa,Ąą,Ãã,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Éé,Ëë,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Łł,Mm,Nn,Oo,Òò,Óó,Ôô,Pp,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Ùù,Ww,Yy,Zz,Żż
Latin
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- A letter in theLatin Alpha bet,representing the sound /r/
See also
[edit]
Latvian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed byK. Mīlenbahs,which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in GermanFraktur,and sporadically inCyrillic.
Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- The twenty-fifthletterof the LatvianAlpha bet,callederand written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]- Letters of the Latvian Alpha bet:
Livonian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(upper caseR)
- The twenty-ninthletterof the LivonianAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)kēratēd̦;Aa,Āā,Ää,Ǟǟ,Bb,Dd,D̦d̦,Ee,Ēē,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Īī,Jj,Kk,Ll,Ļļ,Mm,Nn,Ņņ,Oo,Ōō,Ȯȯ,Ȱȱ,Õõ,Ȭȭ,Pp,Rr,Ŗŗ,Ss,Šš,Tt,Țț,Uu,Ūū,Vv,Zz,Žž
Malay
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- The eighteenthletterof the MalayAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]Maltese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- The twenty-secondletterof the MalteseAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)ittra;Aa,Bb,Ċċ,Dd,Ee,Ff,Ġġ,Gg,Għgħ,Hh,Ħħ,Ii,Ieie,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Żż,Zz
Mandarin
[edit]Romanization
[edit]- Hanyu Pinyinreading ofNhi/Nhi
References
[edit]- Wenlin Pinyin dictionary
- erhuaon Wikipedia.Wikipedia
North Frisian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- Aletterof the North FrisianAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.
Usage notes
[edit]- In the syllablecoda,⟨r⟩ is vowelized to[ɐ̯],creating diphthongs (similarly to German and non-rhotic English). After ⟨ia, ua⟩, insofar as they have[ɐ̯]to begin with, it may be lost entirely.
- In Sylt and Föhr-Amrum Frisian, ⟨r⟩ before a voicelessstopis frequently not vowelized, but becomes[x]instead. This development is not related (or at least not directly so) to the use ofuvular R,since it happens equally in those speakers who say[r].
See also
[edit]Norwegian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r
- The eighteenthletterof the NorwegianAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.
Usage notes
[edit]- /ʁ/is the pronunciation of r usually found in southern and southeastern dialects of Norway. Bergen has the dialect best known for this sound. Said to come from Danish and/or German, originally from French.
- Dialects with/ʁ/do not have retroflex consonants.
- Silent before l in many dialects, such as [ˈdɔːlɪ] or [ˈdɔrlɪ] (dårlig/dårleg).
Nupe
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- The twentiethletterof the NupeAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)banki;Aa(Áá,Àà),Bb,Cc,Dd,Dzdz,Ee(Éé,Èè),Ff,Gg,Gbgb,Hh,Ii(Íí,Ìì),Jj,Kk,Kpkp,Ll,Mm(Ḿḿ,M̀m̀,M̄m̄),Nn(Ńń,Ǹǹ,N̄n̄),Oo(Óó,Òò),Pp,Rr,Ss,Shsh,Tt,Tsts,Uu(Úú,Ùù),Vv,Ww,Yy,Zz,Zhzh
Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]The Polish orthography is based on the Latin Alpha bet. No earlier script is known. See thehistory of Polish orthographyarticle on Wikipedia for more, andrfor development of the glyph itself.
Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(upper caseR,lower case)
- The twenty-thirdletterof the PolishAlpha bet,callederand written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)Aa,Ąą,Bb,Cc,Ćć,Dd,Ee,Ęę,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Łł,Mm,Nn,Ńń,Oo,Óó,Pp(Qq),Rr,Ss,Śś,Tt,Uu(Vv),Ww(Xx),Yy,Zz,Źź,Żż
Portuguese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- The eighteenthletterof the PortugueseAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)letra;Aa(Áá,Àà,Ââ,Ãã),Bb,Cc(Çç),Dd,Ee(Éé,Êê),Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii(Íí),Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo(Óó,Ôô,Õõ),Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu(Úú),Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz
Romani
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- (International Standard)The twenty-secondletterof the RomaniAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.
- (Pan-Vlax)The twenty-thirdletterof the RomaniAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Xx,Ii,Jj,Kk,Khkh,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Phph,Rr,Ss,Tt,Thth,Uu,Vv,ZzInternational Standard:(Àà,Ää,Ǎǎ),Ćć,Ćhćh,(Èè,Ëë,Ěě), (Ìì,Ïï,Ǐǐ), (Òò,Öö,Ǒǒ),Rrrr,Śś,(Ùù,Üü,Ǔǔ),Źź,Ʒʒ,Qq,Çç,ϴθ.Pan-Vlax:Čč,Čhčh,Dždž,(Dźdź),Řř,Šš,(Śś),Žž,(Źź).
References
[edit]- Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “R, r”, inニューエクスプレスプラス ロマ ( ジプシー ) ngữ(in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published2021,→ISBN,→OCLC,page14
Romanian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)Aa,Ăă,Ââ,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Îî,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Șș,Tt,Țț,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz
Scottish Gaelic
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- The fifteenthletterof the Scottish GaelicAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.It is preceded bypand followed bys.Its traditional name isruis(“elder”).
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)litir;Aa(Àà),Bb(Bhbh),Cc(Chch),Dd(Dhdh),Ee(Èè),Ff(Fhfh),Gg(Ghgh),Hh,Ii(Ìì),Ll,Mm(Mhmh),Nn,Oo(Òò),Pp(Phph),Rr,Ss(Shsh),Tt(Thth),Uu(Ùù)
- (diacritics)◌̀
- (obsolete vowels)ÁáÉéÓó
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- R(uppercase)
Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(Cyrillic spellingр)
Silesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin Alpha bet. No earlier script is known. See theSilesian languagearticle on Wikipedia for more, andrfor development of the glyph itself.
Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- The twenty-fifthletterof the SilesianAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)Aa,Ãã,Bb,Cc,Ćć,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Łł,Mm,Nn,Ńń,Oo,Ŏŏ,Ōō,Ôô,Õõ,Pp,Rr,Ss,Śś,Tt,Uu,Ww,Yy,Zz,Źź,Żż
Skolt Sami
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(upper caseR)
- The twenty-seventhletterof the Skolt SamiAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)bukva;Aa,Ââ,Bb,Cc,Čč,Ʒʒ,Ǯǯ,Dd,Đđ,Ee,Ff,Gg,Ǧǧ,Ǥǥ,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ǩǩ,Ll,Mm,Nn,Ŋŋ,Oo,Õõ,Pp,Rr,Ss,Šš,Tt,Uu,Vv,Zz,Žž,Åå,Ää,ʹ
Spanish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- The nineteenthletterof the SpanishAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)letra;Aa(Áá),Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee(Éé),Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii(Íí),Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Ññ,Oo(Óó),Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu(Úú,Üü),Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz
Swedish
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- The eighteenthletterof the SwedishAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)bokstav;Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz,Åå,Ää,Öö
Tagalog
[edit]Etymology
[edit]BorrowedfromSpanishr.Each pronunciation has a different source:
- Filipino Alpha bet pronunciation is influenced byEnglishr.
- Abakada Alpha bet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin characterᜇ(da/ra).
- Abecedario pronunciation is fromSpanishr.
Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR,Baybayin spellingᜀᜇ᜔)
- The twentiethletterof the TagalogAlpha bet(theFilipino Alpha bet), calledarand written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)titik;Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Ññ,Ngng,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz
Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR,Baybayin spellingᜇ)
- The fifteenthletterof the TagalogAlpha bet(theAbakada Alpha bet), calledraand written in theLatin script.
Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR,Baybayin spellingᜁᜇᜒ)
- (historical)The twenty-firstletterof the TagalogAlpha bet(theAbecedario), calledereand written in theLatin script.
Further reading
[edit]- “r”,inPambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph,Manila,2018
Turkish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- The twenty-firstletterof the TurkishAlpha bet,calledreand written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)harf;Aa(Ââ),Bb,Cc,Çç,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Ğğ,Hh,Iı,İi(Îî),Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Öö,Pp,Rr,Ss,Şş,Tt,Uu(Ûû),Üü,Vv,Yy,Zz
Turkmen
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(upper caseR)
- The twenty-firstletterof the TurkmenAlpha bet,callederand written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)harp;Aa,Bb,Çç,Dd,Ee,Ää,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Žž,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Ňň,Oo,Öö,Pp,Rr,Ss,Şş,Tt,Uu,Üü,Ww,Yy,Ýý,Zz
Welsh
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- The twenty-thirdletterof the WelshAlpha bet,callederand written in theLatin script.It is preceded byphand followed byrh.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)llythyren;Aa(Áá,Àà,Ââ,Ää),Bb,Cc,Chch,Dd,Dddd,Ee(Éé,Èè,Êê,Ëë),Ff,Ffff,Gg,Ngng,Hh,Ii(Íí,Ìì,Îî,Ïï),Jj,Ll,Llll,Mm,Nn,Oo(Óó,Òò,Ôô,Öö),Pp,Phph,Rr,Rhrh,Ss,Tt,Thth,Uu(Úú,Ùù,Ûû,Üü),Ww(Ẃẃ,Ẁẁ,Ŵŵ,Ẅẅ),Yy(Ýý,Ỳỳ,Ŷŷ,Ÿÿ)
Further reading
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “r”,inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online(in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Yoruba
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- The nineteenthletterof the YorubaAlpha bet,calledríand written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]- (Latin-scriptletters)lẹ́tà;Aa(Áá,Àà,Āā),Bb,Dd,Ee(Éé,Èè,Ēē),Ẹẹ(Ẹ́ẹ́,Ẹ̀ẹ̀,Ẹ̄ẹ̄),Ff,Gg,Gbgb,Hh,Ii(Íí,Ìì,Īī),Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm(Ḿḿ,M̀m̀,M̄m̄),Nn(Ńń,Ǹǹ,N̄n̄),Oo(Óó,Òò,Ōō),Ọọ(Ọ́ọ́,Ọ̀ọ̀,Ọ̄ọ̄),Pp,Rr,Ss,Ṣṣ,Tt,Uu(Úú,Ùù,Ūū),Ww,Yy
- (Benin)(Latin-scriptletters)lɛ́tà;Aa,Bb,Dd,Ee,Ɛɛ,Ff,Gg,Gbgb,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Kpkp,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Ɔɔ,Pp,Rr,Ss,Shsh,Tt,Uu,Ww,Yy
Zulu
[edit]Letter
[edit]r(lower case,upper caseR)
- The eighteenthletterof the ZuluAlpha bet,written in theLatin script.
See also
[edit]{{c:nb:Clocks}}
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