redress

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English

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WOTD – 30 January 2017

Etymology 1

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TheFirst Amendmentto theUnited States Constitutionengravedon thefacadeof theNewseuminWashington, D.C.In part, it reads: "Congress shall make no law[…]abridging[…]the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. "

FromMiddle Englishredressen,fromAnglo-Normanradresser,redrescer,redrescierandMiddle Frenchredresser(“tostand(someone or something) up; tostand upagain; torebuild,torepairsomethingdamaged,torectify,torestore;toobtainredress; tocure;(of hair) to stand on end; toreviseajudgment”)(modernFrenchredresser), fromOld Frenchredrecier(“to stand (someone or something) up; to stand up again”),fromOld Frenchre-(“prefix meaning ‘again,once more’”)(fromLatinre-,fromProto-Italic*wre(“again”);further etymology uncertain) +Old Frenchdrechier,drecier,dresser(“todress;to stand up”)(fromVulgar Latin*drēctiāre,a contracted form of*dirēctiāre,fromLatindīrectus(“straight”)).

CompareCatalanredreçar,Spanishredreçar(obsolete),Italianredreçare,redrezare,redricciare,ridirizzare(all obsolete),ridrizzare,Late Latinredressare(“torepair;tosetright”),Old Occitanredreisar,redresar.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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redress(third-person singular simple presentredresses,present participleredressing,simple past and past participleredressed)

  1. To put inorderagain; tosetright;torevise.
    • 1667,John Milton,Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books,London: Printed [bySamuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker under Creed Church neerAldgate;And by Robert Boulter at the Turks Head inBishopsgate-street;and Matthias Walker, underSt. Dunstons ChurchinFleet-street,OCLC767532218,book IX; republished as John Milton;Elijah Fenton;Samuel Johnson,Paradise Lost, by John Milton. To which are Prefixed, the Life of the Author, by Elijah Fenton; and a Criticism on the Poem, by Dr. Johnson,London: Printed for John Bumpus,Holborn-Bars,1821,OCLC563126389,page 256:
      Let us divide our labours; thou, where choice / Leads thee, or where most needs, whether to wind / The woodbine round this arbour, or direct / The clasping ivy where to climb; while I, / In yonder spring of roses intermixed / With myrtle, find what toredresstill noon:[…]
    • 1796May 10,Alexander Hamilton,letter toGeorge Washington;quoted in George Washington;Jared Sparks,compiler, “Washington's Farewell Address [Appendix, No. III]”, inThe Writings of George Washington; being His Correspondence, Addresses, Messages, and Other Papers, Official and Private, Selected and Published from the Original Manuscripts; with a Life of the Author, Notes, and Illustrations,volume XII (Part Fifth; Comprising Speeches and Messages to Congress, Proclamations, and Addresses), Boston, Mass.: American Stationers' Company; John B. Russell; Cambridge, Mass.: Folsom, Wells, and Thurston, 1837,OCLC29437768,page 391:
      Sir; When last in Philadelphia, you mentioned to me your wish that I shouldre-dressa certain paper, which you had prepared. As it is important, that a thing of this kind should be done with great care, and much at leisure, touched and retouched, I submit a wish, that, as soon as you have given it thebodyyou mean it to have, it may be sent to me.
  2. To setright(awrong); torepair,(aninjuryor damage); to makeamendsfor; toremedy;torelievefrom.
  3. To make amends orcompensationto; torelieveof anythingunjustoroppressive;tobestowreliefupon.
    • 1806,John Dryden,“Palamon and Arcite;or,The Knight's Tale.From[Geoffrey] Chaucer.”,inThomas Park,editor,Fables from Bocaccio and Chaucer:[...]In Two Volumes. Collated with the Best Editions:[...](The Works of the British Poets: Including Translations from the Greek and Roman Authors), volume I, London: Printed at the Stanhope Press, byCharles Whittingham,Union Buildings,Leather Lane;for John Sharpe, opposite York-House,Piccadilly,→OCLC,book I,page25:
      Nor envy we / Thy great reknown, nor grudge thy victory; / 'Tis thine, O king! the afflicted toredress,/ And fame has fill'd the world with thy success:[…]
    • 1812,Lord Byron,Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, a Romaunt: And Other Poems,4th edition, London: Printed byT[homas] Davison,Whitefriars,forJohn Murray,Fleet-Street;Edinburgh:William Blackwood,andJ. Ballantyne and Co.;Dublin: J. Cumming,→OCLC,canto II, stanza LXXV,page102:
      Hereditary bondsmen! know ye not / Who would be free themselves must strike the blow? / By their right arms the conquest must be wrought? / Will Gaul or Muscoviteredressye? no!
    • 1847,Augustin Thierry;William Hazlitt,transl., “The Anglo-Normans and the English by Race”, inHistory of the Conquest of England by the Normans: Its Causes, and Its Consequences, in England, Scotland, Ireland, and on the Continent[...]Translated from the 7th Paris edition by William Hazlitt,[...], volume II, London: D. Bogue,OCLC458279441;reprinted Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2011,→ISBN,pages=357–358, footnote:
      [Magna Charta] [I]f we, our justiciary, our bailiffs, or any of our officers, shall in any circumstance fail in the performance of them, towards any person, or shall break through any of these articles of peace and security, and the offence be notified to four barons chosen out of the five-and-twenty before mentioned, the said four barons shall repair to us, or our justiciary, if we are out of the realm, and laying open the grievance, shall petition to have itredressedwithout delay: and if it be notredressedby us, or if we should chance to be out of the realm, if it should not beredressedby our justiciary, within forty days,[…]the said five-and-twenty barons, together with the community of the whole kingdom, shall distrain and distress us all the ways possible, by seizing our castles, lands, possessions, and in other manner they can, till the grievance isredressedaccording to their pleasure;[…]
  4. (transitive,obsolete)To putuprightagain; torestore.
Derived terms
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Translations
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Noun

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redress(countableanduncountable,pluralredresses)

  1. The act of redressing; a makingright;amendment;correction;reformation.
  2. A setting right, as ofinjury,oppression,orwrong,such as the redress ofgrievances;hence,indemnification;relief;remedy;reparation.
    • 1791December 15 (adoption),First Amendmentof theUnited States Constitution:
      Congressshall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for aredressof grievances.
    • 1813January 27, [Jane Austen], chapter XVI, inPride and Prejudice:[…],volume I, London:[…][George Sidney]forT[homas]Egerton,[…],→OCLC,page181:
      "Good heavens!" cried Elizabeth; "but how couldthatbe?—How could his will be disregarded?—Why did you not seek legalredress?"
    • 1816?,Noah Worcester,A Solemn Review of War(no. XXXVI), Boston, Mass.:American Peace Society,→OCLC,page 3:
      It will be pleaded, thirdly, that no substitute for war can be devised, which will insure to a nature aredressof wrongs.—But is it common for a nation to obtain aredressof wrongs by war? As toredress,do not the wars of nations resemble bo xing at a tavern, when both the combatants receive a terrible bruising, then drink together, and make peace, each, however, bearing for a long time the marks of his folly and madness? Aredressof wrongs by war is so uncommon, that unless revenge isredress,and multiplied injuries satisfaction, we should suppose that none but madmen would run the hazard.
    • 2011,The Law Commission,The Scottish Law Commission,“The Structure of this Consultation Paper”, inConsumer Redress for Misleading and Aggressive Practices: A Joint Consultation Paper(Law Commission Consultation Paper; no. 199; Scottish Law Commission Discussion Paper; no. 149)‎[1],London:The Stationery Officeon behalf of the Controller ofHer Majesty's Stationery Office,→ISBN,archived fromthe originalon4 October 2015,page24, paragraph 1.25(1):
      Although the main sanction is a criminal prosecution, there is also the possibility of consumerredress,either through compensation orders or the new civil sanction pilots.
    • 2013,Stephanie Wolfe, “Redress and Reparation Movements (RRMs) Following the United States Internments”, inThe Politics of Reparations and Apologies(Springer Series in Transitional Justice; 7), New York, N.Y.:Springer,→DOI,→ISBN,page210:
      The offering ofredressand reparations to Japanese Americans was a significant step in the proliferation of aredressand reparation norm. As previously stated,redresshad previously been focused on transitional justice, providing criminal, legislative, and reparatory justice following a shift from an authoritarian regime to a democratic regime. Providingredressand reparation to a victimized group in a country that did not undergo a regime change, and in fact was a major world power, created a tipping point for reparation politics.
  3. Apossibilitytoset right,or a possibility to seek aremedy,for instance incourt
  4. One who, or that which, gives relief; aredresser.
Translations
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Etymology 2

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Fromre-+‎dress.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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redress(third-person singular simple presentredresses,present participleredressing,simple past and past participleredressed)

  1. Todressagain.
    • 1963,Albert J[ay] Solnit,Sally A. Provence, editors,Modern Perspectives in Child Development: In Honor of Milton J. E. Senn,New York, N.Y.:International Universities Press,→OCLC,page588:
      The teacher first undressed andredressedthe doll for the child, then showed her how to pull the snaps apart. No other activity interested the little girl, and after repeated demonstrations she was still trying unsuccessfully to undress the doll.
    • 2009,W[illiam]Brian Rowe, “Grinding Wheel Dressing”, inPrinciples of Modern Grinding Technology,Oxford, Burlington, Mass.: William Andrew,Elsevier,→ISBN,pages71–72:
      The position of the grinding wheel surface relative to the machine axis positions continually changes due to grinding wheel wear, thermal expansion of the machine tool, and thermal expansion or contraction of the grinding wheel.[…]The effect of this variability is that the wheel position stored in the CNC [computer numerical control] is inaccurate by the time it is necessary tore-dressthe grinding wheel. To overcome this problem, the machine user often specifies a large dressing in-feed to guarantee that the dressing tool will dress the grinding wheel.
    • 2009,John C. Barber,The Joy of Medical Practice: Forty Years of Interesting Patients,page22:
      I talked with her mother whenever she was in the room while Iredressedthe wound.
  2. (film)Toredecoratea previouslyexistingfilm setso that it candoublefor another set.
    • 1989,American Cinematographer,volume70,Hollywood, Calif.:ASC Holding Corp.,→ISSN,→OCLC,page90:
      Meanwhile the actors rearranged themselves into a different blocking, as the prop departmentredressedthe set.
    • 2004,Michael P. DiPaolo, “How to be a Guerrilla Filmmaker”, inThe Six Day Horror Movie: A No-Nonsense Guide to No-Budget Filmmaking,Jefferson, N.C.:McFarland & Company,→ISBN,page120:
      [Val] Lewtonwouldredressstanding sets, turning a church into an insane asylum or the staircase forOrson Welles'The Magnificent Ambersonsinto the staircase for the young girl's apartment inCat People.[…][Y]ou should be thinking about trying to reuse every location you have as another location, either by using another room or another angle orre-dressingwhat's already there.

Noun

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redress(pluralredresses)

  1. (film)Theredecorationof a previously existing film set so that it can double for another set.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Yola

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishredresse,fromOld Frenchredresse.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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redress

  1. redress
    • 1867,“CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY,number 1, page102:
      To fho shall ich maake meeredress?
      To whom shall I make myredress?

References

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  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland,London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page102
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