rook

See also:Rookandröök

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ɹʊk/
• (sometimes in Northern England; otherwise obsolete)IPA^(key):/ɹuːk/
• (Scotland,Northern Ireland)IPA^(key):/ɹʉk/

• Audio(US):

  (file)

• Homophone:ruck(most accentswithout thefoot-strutsplit)
• Rhymes:-ʊk

Etymology 1

A rook (bird)

• InheritedfromMiddle Englishrok,roke,fromOld Englishhrōc,fromProto-West Germanic*hrōk,fromProto-Germanic*hrōkaz(compareOld Norsehrókr,Saterland FrisianRouk,Dutchroek,obsoleteGermanRuch), fromProto-Indo-European*kerk-(“crow, raven”)(compareOld Irishcerc(“hen”),Old Prussiankerko(“loon, diver”),dialectalBulgarianкро́кон(krókon,“raven”),Ancient Greekκόραξ(kórax,“crow”),Old Armenianագռաւ(agṙaw),Avestan𐬐𐬀𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬀𐬝(kahrkatat̰,“rooster”),Sanskritकृकर(kṛkara,“rooster”)),Ukrainianкрук(kruk,“raven”).
• (parson):Probably from the resemblance in plumage to a parson's garments.

Noun

rook(countableanduncountable,pluralrooks)

1. A Europeanbird,Corvus frugilegus,of thecrowfamily.
   • 1768,Thomas Pennant,British Zoology,page168:

     But what distinguishes therookfrom the crow is the bill; the nostrils, chin, and sides of that and the mouth being in old birds white and bared of feathers, by often thrusting the bill into the ground in search of the erucæ of the Dor-beetle*; the rook then, instead of being proscribed, should be treated as the farmer's friend; as it clears his ground from caterpillars, that do incredible damage by eating the roots of the corn.

   • 1850,[Alfred, Lord Tennyson],In Memoriam,London:Edward Moxon,[…],→OCLC,Canto XV,page24:

     To-night the winds begin to rise
     ⁠And roar from yonder dropping day:
     ⁠The last red leaf is whirl’d away,
     Therooksare blown about the skies; […]

2. Acheatorswindler;someone whobetrays.

   Synonyms:seeThesaurus:deceiver,Thesaurus:fraudster

   • 7 April1705,William Wycherley, Letter to Alexander Pope inThe Works of Alexander Pope36:

     So I am (like an oldrook,who is ruined by gaming) forced to live on the good fortune of the pushing young men, whose fancies are so vigorous that they ensure their success in their adventures with Muses, by their strength and imagination.

3. A bad deal; arip-off.
4. (British)A type offirecrackerused by farmers to scare birds of the same name.
5. (uncountable)A trick-taking game, usually played with a specialized deck of cards.
   • 2007,Malcolm Bull, Keith Lockhart,Seeking a Sanctuary: Seventh-day Adventism and the American Dream,page174:

     Adventists still do not really know how to play cards, apart from the sanitized version of bridge,Rook.

6. (slang,archaic)Aparson.

Derived terms

• Johnny rook
• rook and rabbit rifle
• rookery
• rook rifle

Translations

bird

• Aragonese:grallaf
• Armenian:սերմնագռավ(hy)(sermnagṙav)
• Asturian:graya(ast)f,grayu(ast)m
• Azerbaijani:zağca(az)
• Basque:ipar-bele
• Belarusian:гракm(hrak)
• Bulgarian:посе́вна вра́наf(posévna vrána),по́лска вра́наf(pólska vrána)(lit.: field crow)
• Catalan:graula(ca)f
• Chechen:къиг(qʼig)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin:Trọc mũi quạ／Trọc mũi quạ(zh)(tūbíyā),Bạch miệng quạ／Bạch miệng quạ(zh)(báizuǐyā)

• Czech:havran(cs)m
• Danish:råge(da)c
• Dutch:roek(nl)m
• Esperanto:frugilego,kampokorvo
• Faroese:felliskrákaf,hjaltakrákaf
• Finnish:mustavaris(fi)
• French:corbeau freux(fr)m,freux(fr)m
• Galician:grallom,gralla(gl)f
• Georgian:ჭილყვავი(č̣ilq̇vavi)
• German:Saatkrähe(de)f
• Greek:χαβαρόνι(el)n(chavaróni),σταροκόρακαςm(starokórakas)
• Hebrew:עורב מזרעm('orév mizrá')
• Hungarian:vetési varjú(hu)
• Icelandic:bláhrafn(is)m
• Irish:rúcachm
• Italian:corvo comunem
• Japanese:Núi sâu ô(ja)(みやまがらす, miyamagarasu),Núi sâu quạ(ja)(みやまがらす, miyamagarasu)
• Kumyk:жыргъыт(jırğıt)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish:قاژوو(qajû)

• Latvian:krauķism
• Lithuanian:paprastasis kovasm,kovas(lt)m,kovarnism
• Macedonian:врана гагецf(vrana gagec),полска вранаf(polska vrana)(lit.: Polish crow)
• Manx:troghm,troghanm,troghan doom
• Nanai:тораки(toraki)
• Northern Sami:bealdovuoraš
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål:kornkråkemorf,blåkråkemorf

  Nynorsk:kornkråkef,

• Old English:hrōcm
• Old Norse:hrókrm
• Ottoman Turkish:زاغ(zağ)
• Persian:زاغ(phát)(zâğ)
• Polish:gawron(pl)m
• Portuguese:gralha-calvaf,frouvaf,cornelhaf
• Romanian:cioară de semănăturăf
• Russian:грач(ru)m(grač)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic:гакушаf

  Roman:gakuša(sh)f

• Slovak:havran(sk)m
• Slovene:grakušaf,poljska vranaf(lit.: Polish crow)
• Spanish:grajaf,grajo(es)m
• Swedish:råka(sv)c
• Turkish:ekin kargası(tr)
• Ukrainian:грак(uk)m(hrak),га́йворонm(hájvoron)
• Welsh:ydfranf,brân bigwenf

swindler

• Bulgarian:измамник(bg)m(izmamnik),мошеник(bg)m(mošenik)
• Finnish:ketku(fi),petturi(fi),huijari(fi)
• German:Schwindler(de)m,Schwindlerin(de)f,Betrüger(de)m,Betrügerin(de)f,Gauner(de)m,Gaunerin(de)f
• Greek:απατεώνας(el)m(apateónas),αγύρτης(el)m(agýrtis),χαρτοκλέφτης(el)m(chartokléftis)
• Russian:жу́лик(ru)(žúlik),моше́нник(ru)(mošénnik),плут(ru)(plut),шу́лер(ru)(šúler),ше́льма(ru)morf(šélʹma),афери́ст(ru)m(aferíst)
• Turkish:dolandırıcı(tr)

card game

• Finnish:rook(fi),rook-korttipeli

See also

• squab

Verb

rook(third-person singular simple presentrooks,present participlerooking,simple past and past participlerooked)

1. (transitive)Tocheator swindle.
   • 1974,GB Edwards,The Book of Ebenezer Le Page,New York, published2007,page311:

     Some had spent a week in Jersey before coming to Guernsey; and, from what Paddy had heard, they really do know how torookthe visitors over there.

Synonyms

• (cheat):cheat,con,do,dupe,have,swindle,trick

Hyponyms

• (cheat):Greek(at cards)

Translations

cheat, swindle

• Bulgarian:мамя(bg)(mamja)
• Dutch:valsspelen(nl)
• Finnish:petkuttaa(fi),huiputtaa(fi),huijata(fi)
• French:rouler(fr)
• German:schwindeln(de),betrügen(de),übers Ohr hauen(de)(idiomatic),lügen(de),hintergehen(de),falsch spielen(idiomatic),hinters Licht führen(de)(idiomatic),ergaunern(de),abgaunern(de)
• Italian:imbrogliare(it)
• Polish:oszukać(pl)
• Portuguese:enganar(pt)
• Russian:обма́нывать(ru)(obmányvatʹ),мошенничать(ru)(mošenničatʹ),нечестно игра́ть(nečestno igrátʹ)(related to playing cards),выманивать де́ньги(vymanivatʹ dénʹgi),обдирать(ru)(obdiratʹ),обсчитывать(ru)(obsčityvatʹ)(related to buyer, client)

Etymology 2

A rook (chess)

InheritedfromMiddle Englishrook,rooke,roke,rok,fromOld Frenchroc,ultimately fromPersianرخ(rox),fromMiddle Persianlhw'(rox,“rook, castle (chess)”).Compareroc.

Noun

rook(pluralrooks)

2. (chess)Apieceshaped like a castletower,that can be moved only up, down, left or right (but notdiagonally) or incastling.
3. (rare)Acastleor otherfortification.

Synonyms

• (chesspiece):castle
• (castle):castle,fortress

Derived terms

• rook lift
• rook polynomial
• wrong rook pawn

Translations

chesspiece

• Afrikaans:toring
• Albanian:kala(sq)f,torrëf,kullë(sq)f
• Arabic:قَلْعَةf(qalʕa),رُخّf(ruḵḵ),طَابِيَةf(ṭābiya)
• Armenian:նավակ(hy)(navak)
• Asturian:torre(ast)f
• Azerbaijani:top(az)
• Basque:gaztelu(eu)
• Belarusian:ладдзя́(be)f(laddzjá),ладзьдзя́f(ladzʹdzjá),ве́жаf(vjéža),тура́f(turá)
• Bengali:নৌকা(bn)(nōuka)
• Breton:tour(br)m
• Bulgarian:топ(bg)m(top)
• Burmese:ကျီးအ(my)(kyi:a.),ရထား(my)(ra.hta:)
• Catalan:torre(ca)f
• Chinese:

  Cantonese:Xe／Xe(geoi¹),Lâu đài(sing⁴bou²)

  Hokkien:Lâu đài(zh-min-nan)(siâⁿ-pó)

  Mandarin:Xe／Xe(zh)(jū),Lâu đài(zh)(chéngbǎo)

• Czech:věž(cs)f
• Danish:tårn(da)n
• Dutch:toren(nl)m
• Esperanto:turo
• Estonian:vanker,kahur(et)(archaic)
• Faroese:rókurm
• Finnish:torni(fi)
• French:tour(fr)f
• Galician:torre(gl)f
• Georgian:ეტლი(eṭli),როქი(roki)
• German:Turm(de)m
• Greek:πύργος(el)m(pýrgos)
• Gujarati:please add this translation if you can
• Hebrew:צַרִיחַ(he)m(ts'riyákh)
• Hindi:हाथी(hi)m(hāthī),रुख़m(rux),किश्ती(hi)f(kiśtī)
• Hungarian:bástya(hu),torony(hu)
• Icelandic:hrókur
• Indonesian:benteng(id)
• Irish:caisealm
• Italian:rocco(it)m,torre(it)f
• Japanese:ルーク(ja)(rūku)
• Javanese:bètèng(jv)
• Kazakh:ладья(ladä)
• Khmer:ទូក(km)(tuuk),ប្រាសាទ(km)(praasaat)
• Korean:룩(ruk)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish:keleh(ku)

• Kyrgyz:ладья(ladya)
• Lao:ເຮືອ(lo)(hư̄a)
• Latin:turris(la)f
• Latvian:tornism
• Lithuanian:bokštasm
• Macedonian:топm(top)
• Malay:benteng(ms),tir
• Malayalam:തേര്(ml)(tērŭ)
• Maltese:kastellm
• Manx:cashtalm
• Maori:pā tūwatawata
• Maranao:ti'ir
• Middle Persian:𐭬𐭠𐭲𐭢𐭣𐭠𐭫(mʾtgdʾl)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic:тэрэг(mn)(tereg)

• Navajo:kinyaaʼáhí
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål:tårn(no)n

  Nynorsk:tårnn

• Occitan:castel(oc)
• Ojibwe:chi-ogimaawigamig
• Old Norse:hrókr
• Persian:رخ(phát)(rox),قلعه(phát)(qal'e)
• Polish:wieża(pl)f
• Portuguese:torre(pt)f
• Romanian:turn(ro)n
• Romansch:turm
• Russian:ладья́(ru)f(ladʹjá),тура́(ru)f(turá)(informal)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic:топm,кулаf

  Roman:top(sh)m,kula(sh)f

• Sicilian:turrif
• Slovak:veža(sk)f
• Slovene:trdnjava(sl)f
• Spanish:torre(es)f,roque(es)m
• Swahili:ngome(sw)
• Swedish:torn(sv)n
• Tajik:рух(rux)
• Tamil:கோட்டை(ta)(kōṭṭai)
• Telugu:ఏనుగు(te)(ēnugu)
• Thai:เรือ(th)(rʉʉa)
• Turkish:kale(tr)
• Turkmen:ruh
• Ukrainian:тура́(turá)
• Urdu:رخm(rux)
• Uyghur:توپ(top)
• Uzbek:rux(uz)
• Vietnamese:xe(vi)
• Volapük:cögatüm
• Welsh:castell(cy)
• West Frisian:stins
• Yiddish:טורעםm(turem)

fortification

• Armenian:ամրոց(hy)(amrocʻ)
• Dutch:vesting(nl)f,burcht(nl)f
• Finnish:linnoitus(fi)
• German:Festung(de)f,Burg(de)f
• Hungarian:bástya(hu)
• Italian:rocca(it)
• Japanese:Thành tắc(ja)(じょうさい, jōsai)
• Portuguese:fortificação(pt)f
• Russian:кре́пость(ru)f(krépostʹ)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic:тврђаваf,кулаf

  Roman:tvrđava(sh)f,kula(sh)f

• Spanish:baluarte(es)m,bastión(es)m
• Turkish:kale(tr)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Low German:^{(pleaseverify)}Saatkreihf
• Persian:^{(pleaseverify)}رخ(phát)(rox)(1, 2)
• Romanian:(1)^{(pleaseverify)}citadelă(ro)f,(2)^{(pleaseverify)}tură(ro)f

See also

• ♖,♜

Etymology 3

Fromrookie.

Noun

rook(pluralrooks)

1. (baseball,slang)Arookie.

Etymology 4

InheritedfromMiddle Englishroke,rock,rok(“mist; vapour; drizzle; smoke; fumes”),fromOld Norse*rauk,related toIcelandicrok,roka(“whirlwind; seafoam; seaspray”),Middle Dutchrooc,rok,ModernDutchrook(“smoke; fog”).

Noun

rook(uncountable)

1. mist;fog;roke

Etymology 5

Verb

rook(third-person singular simple presentrooks,present participlerooking,simple past and past participlerooked)

1. (obsolete)Tosquat;toruck.
   • c.1591–1592(date written),William Shakespeare,“The Third Part of Henry the Sixt,[…]”,inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies[…](First Folio), London:[…]Isaac Iaggard,andEd[ward]Blount,published1623,→OCLC,[Act V, scene vi]:

     The ravenrook'dher on the chimney's top

Etymology 6

Verb

rook(third-person singular simple presentrooks,present participlerooking,simple past and past participlerooked)

1. Pronunciation spellingoflook.(mimicking Asian speech)

Anagrams

• Koro,Kroo,okro,Orok,koro,kroo,roko

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/rʊə̯k/

Etymology 1

InheritedfromDutchrook(“smoke”),fromMiddle Dutchrôoc,fromOld Dutch*rōk,fromProto-Germanic*raukiz.

Noun

rook(uncountable)

1. smoke

Derived terms

• rookwolk

Etymology 2

InheritedfromDutchroken(“to smoke”).

Verb

rook(presentrook,present participlerokende,past participlegerook)

1. (intransitive,transitive)tosmoke(a tobacco product or surrogate)

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/roːk/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation:rook
• Rhymes:-oːk

Etymology 1

InheritedfromMiddle Dutchrôoc,fromOld Dutch*rōk,fromProto-Germanic*raukiz.

Noun

rookm(uncountable)

1. smoke

Derived terms

• onder de rook van
• pijprook
• roken
• rokerig
• rookalarm
• rookbom
• rookdetector
• rookgeur
• rookgordijn
• rooklucht
• rookmelder
• rookontwikkeling
• rookpluim
• rooksignaal
• rookwolk
• sigarenrook
• sigarettenrook

Descendants

• Afrikaans:rook
• Negerhollands:rook

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the correspondinglemmaform.

Verb

rook

1. inflection ofroken:
   1. first-personsingularpresentindicative
   2. (in case ofinversion)second-personsingularpresentindicative
   3. imperative

Verb

rook

1. singularpastindicativeofruiken
2. singularpastindicativeofrieken

Anagrams

• koor