smags

Latvian

Etymology

FromProto-Baltic*smag-,fromProto-Indo-European*smog-(“such that it presses heavily; to work hard, to carry a heavy load”).The much broader range of meanings in theLithuaniancognate was apparently also once present in itsLatviancounterpart: remnants are still found in uses likesmagsgaiss“heavy air” = “stifling,” and, dialectally, also “fast, quick” or “intensely, a lot.” It would seem that the meaning of this word first broadened ( “heavy, hard(working)” > “(to hit) heavily, hard” > “strong” > “capable, competent” > “good, nice” ) and then was restricted again to “heavy.” (Alternatively, the other uses might result fromLithuanianinfluence.) Cognates includeLithuaniansmagùs(“good, nice, pleasant; joyful, cheerful; fast, quick; strong, agile, skillful; big, intensive; sonorous; rich, well-off; severe, angry, harsh; useful, handy; heavy; stifling”),smōgti(“to hit heavily, strongly; to throw”),Ancient Greekμογέω(mogéō,“I try, strive”),σμογερόν(smogerón,“difficult, painful”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):[smaks]

Adjective

smags(definitesmagais,comparativesmagāks,superlativevissmagākais,adverbsmagi)

1. heavy(such that it hasgreatweight,alargemass)

   smagsakmens―heavystone

   smagsspainis―heavybucket

   smagakrava―heavyload

   smagaviela―heavysubstance

   smagaaugsne―heavy(= thick, muddy) soil

   paceltsmagunastu―to lift aheavyburden

   lielais āmurs bija tiksmags,ka Juris to tikko ar vienu roku cēla―the big hammer was soheavythat Juris could barely lift it with one hand

2. (withnumericmeasurementin theaccusative)heavy

   vienu kilogramusmagsatsvars―a one-kilo (heavy) weight

   divas tonnassmagakrava―a two-ton (heavy) load

3. heavy(larger,moreimportant,morepowerfulthanothersof itskind)

   smagietanki―heavytanks

   smagieieroči―heavyweapons

   smagāartilērija―heavyartillery

   smagārūpniecība―heavyindustry

   smagieķīmiskie elementi―heavychemical elements

   smagiemetāli―heavymetals

   smagi,smagiejoni―heavyions

   smagaisūdens―heavywater (with deuterium instead of common hydrogen)

4. (of thesky,clouds)heavy(givingtheappearanceofgreaterweight,largermass)

   debesis sedzasmagimākoņi―heavyclouds covered the sky

   debesis bija zemas, pelēkas unsmagaska piens ar svinu―the sky was low, gray andheavylike milk with lead

5. (ofgases,fog,smoke,smells)heavy(concentrated,thick,dense,strong)

   migla bijasmagaun bieza un apēda daudz gaismas―the fog washeavyand thick and ate (= absorbed) a lot of light

   gaiss kļuvasmagsun spiedīgs, un drīz vien pārņēm nogurums―the air becameheavyand muggy, and soon the fatigue took over

   skurbinājasmagāsveķu smarža―theheavyresinous odor was intoxicating

6. (ofdarkness,night)heavy,dark

   smagatumsa―heavydarkness

   tumši,smagitoņi―dark,heavyhues, shades (of color)

   violetā irsmaga,nomācoša krāsa―violet is aheavy,depressing color

7. (offood)heavy(difficulttodigest)

   paēdissmagasvakariņas, Vītols atstāja ēdienu izgarojumiem, piesātinātās viesnīcas koptelpas―having eaten aheavydinner, Vītols left the hotel commons saturated (with) meal fumes

8. heavy,hard,tough,difficult(such that itneedsgreatphysicaleffortto becarried out)

   smagsdarbs―heavy,hard,difficultwork

   smagsnobrauciens no kalna―adifficultdescent from the mountain

   smagacīņa―hard,difficultstruggle

   dežūra bija pagadījusies smaga, pa visu nakti viņa netika aizvērusi ne acu―her shift had beenhard,she didn't close her eyes even once during the whole night

   ceļš būs smags; jātiek pāri kalnu pārejai―the road will beheavy(= difficult); (we) will have to go over the mountain pass

9. heavy,hard,tough,difficult(such that itneedsgreatmentaloremotionaleffortfor itsrealization,understanding)

   smagamācību viela―hard,difficultlearning material

   smagaizvēle―hard,difficultchoice

   smagsjautājums―hard,difficultquestion

   smagaizskaidrošanās―difficultexplanation

   māte ir atnākusi atrunāt dēlu no brīvdomības: tas patiesībā irvissmagākaispārbaudījums―the mother came to dissuade her son from free thinking: this really is thehardest,toughestchallenge

   smagoklusumu primais pārtrauca mehāniķis Glūda; viņš ierunājās savā vecīgi mierīgajā balsī―the mechanic Glūas was the first to break theheavysilence; he began to speak in (his) old, calm voice

10. heavy,tough,hard,severe(relatingtodifficulty,hardships,misery,orembarrassment,concernwith somesituationorevent)

    smagidzīves apstākļi―difficult,toughliving conditions

    smaganelaime―severeunhappiness, misery

    smagajaunība―difficultyouth

    sevišķismagsbija pilsētnieku saimnieciskais stāvoklis... produktus nebija iespējams nopirkt―the economic situation of the townspeople was particularlydifficult:(they) could not (even) buy groceries

    šajāsmagajābrīdī viņam šķita, ka vienīgais dzīves atrisinājums ir pašnāvība―in thisdifficultmoment it seemed to him that the only solution to life was suicide

11. (offeelings,mentalstates)heavy,difficult,severe,gloomy(veryunpleasant;implying,expressingsuffering)

    smagasbēdas―severegrief, sadness

    smagsnoskaņojums―heavy,gloomymood

    smaganopūta―heavysigh

    smagasatmiņas―heavymemories

    cilvēki var pēkšņi nosirmotsmagupārdzīvojumu ietekmē―people can suddenly become gray(-haired) under the inluence of (= because of)heavy,difficultexperiences

    Līzbete atvēra durvis plaši vaļa un teicasmagāčukstā: “noliec to glāzi vienu brītiņu nost un iznāc laukā... tēvs ir nomiris”―Līzbete opened the door wide and said in aheavywhipster: “leave this glass for a moment and come outside... father is dead”

    Vērdiņš iet un domāsmagudomu... jau otro reizi savā mužā viņš nes mīļu biedru, kas kritis no vācieša lodes―Vērdiņš walks and thinksheavythoughts... for the second time in his life he is carrying a dear comrade who fell to the German bullets

12. heavy,serious,severe,dangerous(especiallydangerousorharmfulto others)

    smagslikuma pārkāpējs―adangerouscriminal (lit.heavylaw breaker)

    tīša slepkavība ir viens nosmagākajiemnoziegumiem―deliberate homicide is one of themost seriouscrimes

13. (ofjudgments,penalties)heavy,serious,strict,severe,merciless

    smagstiesas spriedums―severe,strictjudgment

    smagsnosodījums―heavypunishment, penalty

    smagipārmetumi―seriousaccusations

    vaigos sadzina asinis rupji,smagivārdi―the harsh,severewords made blood come to (his) cheeks

    sods nebijasmags,bet pietiekams, lai atskurbtu Kristaps―the punishment was notsevere,(it was) enough to sober up Kristaps

14. (ofpeople)difficult(with whom it isdifficulttocommunicatesuccessfully;quarrelsome)

    biedri to uzskatīja parsmaguun nebiedrisku cilvēku, jo viņš bija skarbs un mazrunīgs―his colleagues considered him adifficult,non-social person, because he was gruff and uncommunicative

    Viktorijas raksturā ir kaut kas neizprotams unsmags;Centim šķiet, ka viņai nevar uzticēties―in Viktorija's character there is something incomprehensible andhard(= difficult to get by); it seemed to Centis that she couldn't be trusted

15. heavy,serious(implyingstrongphysical,mentaloremotionalpain,suffering;life-threatening)

    smagsievainojums―heavy,seriousinjury

    smagaslimība―seriousillness, disease

    smagasaindēšanas―heavypoisoning

    smagaoperācija―heavy,painfuloperation

    smagadepresija―heavy,seriousdepression

    smagsslimnieks―severlysick person (lit.heavypatient)

    pirmdienas vakarā mūsu slimnīcāsmagāsdzemdībās kādai jaunai sievietei piedzima bērns―on Monday evening in our hospital some woman gave birth to a child in aheavy,difficultdelivery

16. (ofbreath)heavy,difficult

    Ziemelis pēkšņi pieceļas, elpa viņam, nule pamanu, kļuvusi satraukta,smaga―Ziemelis suddenly stood up, (and) his breath, I notice, has become troubled,heavy

17. (ofsleep)heavy,difficult

    kad uzlēca saule, viņš gāja uz mājām un, nokritis dažas stundassmagā,murgu pilnā miegā, devās atkal uz skolu―when the sun rose, he went home and, after falling intoheavy,nightmare-filled sleep for a few hours, went back to school

18. (ofbodies,theirparts)heavy,tired,weak

    smagiplakstiņi―heavyeyelids

    ak, ciksmagas,nogurušas kājas! vai gan brīnums? ir jau tālu iets―oh, whatheavy,tired legs! is that a wonder? it has been, after all, a long way

19. (ofmotion,actions)heavy(characterizedbylackofagilityorgrace;slow,difficult)

    māte turpināja iet vienmuļā,smagāgaitā―mother continued to walk in a monotonous,heavygait

    Gundega dzirdēja, cik žēli čīkstēja kāpnes zem Ilmassmagajiemsoļiem; parasti Ilma skrēja lejup pa trepēm viegli un ātri―Gundega heard how sadly the stars crackd under Ilma'sheavysteps; usually Ilma ran upstairs easily and quickly

20. (oftexts,words,style)heavy(difficulttofolloworunderstand)

    smagsstils―heavy,difficultstyle

    smagateikuma konstrukcija―heavy,complexsentence construction

    viņa valoda ritējasmagaun gausa―his language flowedheavyand sluggish

21. (ofsounds)low,low-pitched,hollow

    smagspērkoa dārdiens―lowthunder rumblings

    smagasegļu šalkas―low,hollowrustling of spruce trees

    iedunējās baznīcas zvans; dobjas,smagasskaņas aizplūda pāri kalnam―the church bell began tolling; the hollow,heavysounds flowed over the hills

22. (ofweather)heavy(veryunpleasant;unpleasantlystrong)

    smagsnegaiss―heavystorm

    smags,mitrs vējš skrien pār sniega laukiem―aheavy,humid wind ran over the snowy countryside

    klimats Melvilas salāsmags:musoni, vasaras lietus gāzes un karstums―the climate on Melville island (is)heavy:monsoons, summer rainstorms and heat

Declension

indefinite declension(nenoteiktāgalotne)ofsmags

	masculine(vīriešudzimte)			feminine(sieviešudzimte)
	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)		singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative(nominatīvs)	smags	smagi		smaga	smagas
accusative(akuzatīvs)	smagu	smagus		smagu	smagas
genitive(ģenitīvs)	smaga	smagu		smagas	smagu
dative(datīvs)	smagam	smagiem		smagai	smagām
instrumental(instrumentālis)	smagu	smagiem		smagu	smagām
locative(lokatīvs)	smagā	smagos		smagā	smagās
vocative(vokatīvs)	—	—		—	—

Synonyms

• (of "heavy"):svarīgs(rare)
• (of "hard, difficult"):grūts,sarežģīts
• (of "heavy, difficult (breathing)"):smacīgs,spiedīgs
• (of sounds, "low", "hollow"):dobjš,zems

Antonyms

• viegls

Derived terms

• smagums