with

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See also:wiþ,wið,with-,wiþ-,andwįð

English

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishwith,fromOld Englishwiþ(“against, opposite, toward, with”),fromProto-West Germanic*wiþi,a shortened form ofProto-Germanic*wiþrą(“against”).In Middle English, the word shifted to denote association rather than opposition, displacingMiddle Englishmid(“with”),fromOld Englishmid(“with”),fromProto-Germanic*midi;an earlier model of this meaning shift exists in cognateOld Norsevið;elsewhere, the converse meaning shift is exemplified byOld South Arabian𐩨𐩺𐩬(byn,“between, amid”)spawningOld South Arabian𐩨𐩬(bn,“against”)and even likewise frequent reverse meaning𐩨𐩬(bn,“from”).The adverb sense is probably asemantic loanfrom various other Germanic languages, such asNorwegianmed,Swedishmed,andGermanmit.[1]

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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preconsonantal, final
prevocalic

Preposition

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with

  1. Against.
    He picked a fightwiththe classbully.
    • 1621,John Smith,The Proceedings of the English Colony in Virginia‎[2]:
      Many hatchets, knives, & pieces of iron, & brass, we see, which they reported to have from the Sasquesahanocks a mighty people, and mortal enemieswiththe Massawomecks.
  2. In thecompanyof;alongside,close to; near to.
    He wentwithhis friends.
  3. Inadditionto; as anaccessoryto.
    She owns a motorcyclewithasidecar.
  4. Used to add supplemental information, especially to indicate simultaneous happening, or immediate succession or consequence.
    Jim was listening toBachwithhis eyes closed.
    The match result was 10-5,withJohn scoring three goals.
    Witha heavy sigh, she looked around the empty room.
    Four people were injured,withone of them in critical condition.
    Withtheir reputationon the line,they decided to fire their PR team.
    • 1590,SirPhilip Sidney,The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia:
      Withthat she told me that though she spake of her father, whom she named Chremes, she would hide no truth from me:[…]
    • 1697,Virgil,“Aeneid”,inJohn Dryden,transl.,The Works of Virgil:
      Withthis he pointed to his face, and show'd
      His hand and all his habit smear'd with blood.
    • 1861,Alexander Pope,“The Fourth Pastoral, or Daphne”, in The Rev. George Gilfillan, editor,The Poetical Works of Alexander Pope‎[3]:
      See where, on earth, the flowery glories lie,
      Withher they flourish'd, andwithher they die.
    • 1994,Stephen Fry,chapter 2, inThe Hippopotamus:
      Witha bolt of fright he remembered that there was no bathroom in the Hobhouse Room. He leapt along the corridor in a panic, stopping by the long-case clock at the end where he flattened himself against the wall.
    • 2013June 21,Oliver Burkeman,“The tao of tech”,inThe Guardian Weekly,volume189,number 2, page48:
      The dirty secret of the internet is that all this distraction and interruption is immensely profitable. Web companies like to boast about […], or offering services that let you "stay up to datewithwhat your friends are doing ",[…]and so on. But the real way to build a successful online business is to be better than your rivals at undermining people's control of their own attention.
  5. Insupportof.
    We arewithyouall the way.
  6. In regard to.
    There area number ofproblemswithyour plan.
    What on Earthis wrongwithmy keyboard?
    He waspleasedwiththe outcome.
    I’m upsetwithmy father.
    • 2013June 29, “A punch in the gut”,inThe Economist,volume407,number8842,pages72–3:
      Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial. It helpswithdigestion and enables people to extract a lot more calories from their food than would otherwise be possible. Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism.
  7. (obsolete)To denote the accomplishment of cause, means, instrument, etc; – sometimes equivalent toby.
    slainwithrobbers
    • c.1610–1611(date written),William Shakespeare,“The Winters Tale”,inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies[…](First Folio), London:[…]Isaac Iaggard,andEd[ward]Blount,published1623,→OCLC,[Act V, scene ii]:
      He was torn to / pieceswitha bear:
    • 1669,Nathaniel Morton,New England’s Memorial:
      He was sick and lame of the scurvy, so as he could but lie in the cabin-door, and give direction, and, it should seem, was badly assisted eitherwithmate or mariners
    • 1721,John Mortimer,The Whole Art of Husbandry,page61:
      But several sowing of Wheat at that time, because 'twas the usual time of doing of it, it lay in the Ground till Rain came, which was the latter end ofOctoberfirst, and then but part of it came up neither, because it was mustied and spoiledwithlying so long in the Ground[…]
  8. Using as an instrument;by means of.
    cutwitha knife
    Iwatermy plantswiththiswatering can.This is the watering can I water my plantswith.
    Find what you want instantlywithoursearch engine.
    They dismissed the meetingwitha wave of their hand.
    Speakwitha confident voice.
  9. (obsolete)Using as nourishment; more recently replaced byon.
  10. Having, owning.
    It was small and bumpy,witha tinge of orange.
  11. Affected by (a certain emotion or condition).
    Speakwithconfidence.
    He spokewithsadness in his voice.
    The sailors were infectedwithmalaria.
  12. Prompted by (a certain emotion).
    overcomewithhappiness
    greenwithenvy;flushedwithsuccess
  13. In theemploymentof.
    She waswithAcme for twenty years before retiring last fall.
  14. Considering;taking into account.
    Withyour kind of body size, you shouldn’t be eating pizza at all.
  15. Keeping up with;understanding;following along.
    That was a lot to explain; are you stillwithme?
    • 1983May, David E. Petzal, “The Lightweight Division”, inField & Stream‎[5]:
      Are you stillwithme? Good. I was worried, because you may not think you need a lightweight rifle.
Quotations
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Synonyms
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Antonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Adverb

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with(notcomparable)

  1. (regionalUS,chiefly Midwest and West,informal)Along,togetherwith others, in a group, etc.
    Do you want to comewith?

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishwithe,wiþþe,fromOld Englishwiþþe.More atwithe.

Noun

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with(pluralwiths)

  1. Alternative form ofwithe

References

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  1. ^Kaplan, Aidan (2015) “Come with” in theYale Grammatical Diversity Project: English in North America[1],accessed on 2024-05-08. Updated by Tom McCoy (2015) and Katie Martin (2018).
  2. ^Carol Genetti,How Languages Work: An Introduction to Language and Linguistics(2014)

Anagrams

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Middle English

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Preposition

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with

  1. Alternative form ofwiþ

Old Saxon

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Etymology

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A shortened form ofwithar(against),cognate withOld Englishwiþ(“against, opposite, toward”)andwiþer.

Preposition

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with

  1. against,with,toward
    Uuesat iu so uuara uuiðar thiu,uuiðiro fēcneon dādiun, sō man uuiðar fīundun scal
    Be careful against them,againsttheir dreadful actions, just like one must be (careful) against his enemies
    (Heliand, verse 1883)
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Southwestern Dinka

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Etymology

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Cognate withShilluknya weth.

Noun

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with(pluralwiɛth)

  1. arrow
  2. needle,pin,quill

References

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  • Dinka-English Dictionary‎[6],2005
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