Dosiero:View from Alcázar on Giralda (7077900543).jpg
Bildo en pli alta difino ((2 848 × 4 288 rastrumeroj, grandeco de dosiero: 7,89 MB, MIME-tipo: image/jpeg))
Jen dosiero de la Wikimedia-Komunejo. La priskribo en ties priskriba paĝo estas montrata suben.
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Resumo
PriskriboView from Alcázar on Giralda (7077900543).jpg |
The Giralda (Spanish: La Giralda) is a former minaret that was converted to a bell tower for the Cathedral of Seville in Seville. The tower is 104.5 m (343 ft) in height and it was one of the most important symbols in the medieval city. The tower was begun under the architect Ahmad Ben Baso in 1184. After Ben Baso's death, other architects continued work on the tower. The mathematician and astronomer Jabir ibn Aflah (or Geber) is also often credited with the tower's design. The tower was completed March 10, 1198 with the installation of copper spheres on the tower's top. Architects designed similar towers in what are now Spain and Morocco during this period. The tower of the Koutoubia Mosque in Marrakesh served as a model for the Giralda and its sister, the Hassan Tower in Rabat. The tower's first two-thirds is a former minaret from the Berber Almohad period of Seville, the upper third Spanish Renaissance architecture. After Seville was taken by the Christians (1248) in the Reconquista, the city's mosque was converted to a church. This structure was badly damaged in a 1356 earthquake, and by 1401 the city began building the current cathedral, one of the largest churches in the world and an outstanding example of the Gothic and Baroque architectural styles. The tower survived the earthquake, but the copper spheres that originally topped the tower fell during a 1365 earthquake, and the spheres were replaced with a cross and bell. The new cathedral incorporated the tower as a bell tower and eventually built it higher during the Renaissance under architect Hernán Ruiz, who was commissioned to work on the tower in 1568. This newer section of the tower contains a large inscription of Seville's motto, NO8DO, meaning "[Seville] has not abandoned me." Alfonso X of Castile gave the motto to the city when it continued to support his rule during an insurrection. Covering the top of the tower is the "Lily section" which surrounds the enclosure with the bell. The statue stands 4 m (13 feet) in height – 7 m (23 ft) with the pedestal – and sat on top of the tower from its installation in 1568 until 1997, when it was replaced with a copy. These towers, most notably those in Lebrija and Carmona, are popularly known as Giraldillas. Many towers have borrowed from the Giralda's design throughout history. Several church towers in the province of Seville also bear a resemblance to the tower, and may have been inspired by the Giralda. Numerous replicas of the Giralda have been built in the United States: one, now destroyed, in the second Madison Square Garden in New York City, designed by Stanford White, and another in Kansas City. The clock tower of the Ferry Building in San Francisco is also based on the Giralda. The clock tower at the University of Puerto Rico's Río Piedras campus was also inspired by the Giralda, as was the clock tower of the Railroad Depot in Minneapolis, destroyed by wind in 1941. The Biltmore Hotel in Miami, Florida, in the Coral Gables suburb, built in 1926, is a close replica of the Giralda. The Wrigley Building in Chicago is based on the tower as well. In popular literature, the Giralda plays a significant role in the 1998 Dan Brown novel Digital Fortress. Giralda. (2012, April 6). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22:36, April 14, 2012, from en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giralda&oldid=4859... |
Dato | |
Fonto | View from Alcázar on Giralda |
Aŭtoro | Michal Osmenda from Brussels, Belgium |
Pozicio de la fotilo | 37° 23′ 01,15″ No, 5° 59′ 29,22″ Ok | Tiu cxi bildo kaj pliaj sur OpenStreetMap | 37.383652; -5.991450 |
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Permesiloj:
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This image, originally posted to Flickr, was reviewed on 3 February 2013 by the administrator or reviewer File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske), who confirmed that it was available on Flickr under the stated license on that date. |
Eroj prezentitaj en ĉi tiu dosiero
montras
Iu valoro sen Vikidatumoj ero
37°23'1.147"N, 5°59'29.220"W
7 apr. 2012
captured with angla
Nikon D300 angla
ISO speed angla
100
0,0025 sekundo
f-number angla
10
50 milimetro
Dosierhistorio
Alklaku iun daton kaj horon por vidi kiel la dosiero tiam aspektis.
Dato/Horo | Bildeto | Grandecoj | Uzanto | Komento | |
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nun | 03:35, 3 feb. 2013 | 2 848 × 4 288 (7,89 MB) | File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske) | Transferred from Flickr by User:russavia |
Dosiera uzado
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Metadatumoj
Ĉi tiu dosiero entenas aldonan informon, probable aldonitan de la diĝita fotilo aŭ skanilo uzita por ĝin krei aŭ diĝitigi. Se la dosiero estas modifita disde sia originala stato, detaloj povas ne ĝuste priskribi tiun modifitan bildon.
Fabrikejo de fotilo | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Speco de fotilo | NIKON D300 |
Tempo de ekspono | 1/400 sek (0,0025) |
F-nombro | f/10 |
Dato kaj tempo de datuma generado | 13:27, 7 apr. 2012 |
Fokusa longo de lenso | 50 mm |
Horizontala distingivo | 240 dpi |
Vertikala distingivo | 240 dpi |
Programaro uzata | Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4.0 (Windows) |
Dato kaj tempo de dosiera ŝanĝo | 20:50, 14 apr. 2012 |
Kreinto | Michal Osmenda |
Posedanto de la aŭtorrajto |
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Ekspona programo | Normala programo |
ISO sentiveco | 100 |
Exif-versio | 2.3 |
Dato kaj tempo de ciferecigado | 13:27, 7 apr. 2012 |
APEX-Rapido de obturatoro | 8,643856 |
Aperturo | 6,643856 |
Ekspona emo | 0 |
Maksimuma pejzaĝa diafragmo | 3 APEX (f/2,83) |
Mezurila reĝimo | Skemo |
Fonto de lumo | Nekonata |
Fulmilo | Fulmilo ne ekbruliĝis |
DatoTempoOriginalaj subsekundoj | 84 |
DatoTempoCiferecigitaj subsekundoj | 84 |
Metodo de sensado | Sensilo de zono de unukromataj koloroj |
Dosiera fonto | Cifereca senmova fotilo |
Speco de sceno | Rekte fotita bildo |
Propra foto-rivelado | Norma proceso |
Ekspona reĝimo | Automata ekspono |
Blanka balanciĝo | Aŭtomata blank-egaleco |
Cifereca zumproporcio | 1 |
fokusa longo en 35-mm filmo | 75 mm |
Scenkapta speco | Norma |
Scena kontrolo | Neniu |
Kontrasto | Norma |
Saturado | Norma |
Akreco | Ordinara |
Subjekta distanco | Nekonata |
Seria numero de fotilo | 8017691 |
Lenso uzita | 17.0-55.0 mm f/2.8 |
Dato kiam metadatumoj estis laste modifitaj | 22:50, 14 apr. 2012 |
Unika identigo de originala dokumento | 469894290C095FDB832BCD898E097C74 |
Aŭtorrajta stato: | Sub aŭtorrajto |
Ŝlosilvortoj |
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Informo por mesaĝigi |
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Urbo montrita | Sevilla |
Provinco aŭ subŝtato montrita | Andalucía |
Lando montrita | Spain |
IIM-versio | 4 |