Fyrimynd:Sfn
![]() | UsesLua: |
Theshortened footnote template{{sfn}} creates a shortauthor-date citationin a footnote. For use withShortened footnotes.
This template allows you to linkinline citationusingHarvard citations(a form ofshort citationsusing parenthetical references) to their corresponding full bibliographic citations.
How to use
[rætta wikitekst]In the body of the article:
{{sfn| last name(s) of author(s) | year | p=page number
orpp=page range
orloc=other location }}
If more than four authors, truncate the list to the first four.
In a section for citations, usually under the headingNotes:
{{reflist}}
In the references section (or in an earlier footnote):
{{cite book
orcite journal
,etc|ref=harv
|... other appropriate parameters...}}
or
Parameters
[rætta wikitekst]Up to four authors can be given as parameters. (If there are more than 4 authors only the first 4 should be listed. See#Large numbers of authors,below.) The last required parameter is the year of publication.
(All these examples have links which operate. Click on highlighted text.)
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2005|p=25}} |
Article text.[1]
|
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|Jones|2005| p=25}} |
Article text.[1]
|
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|Jones|Brown|2005| p=25}} |
Article text.[1]
|
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|Jones|Brown|Black|2005| p=25}} |
Article text.[1]
|
The optional parameters|p=
,|pp=
and|loc=
can be used to indicate the location in the source. All of the Harvard citation templates use the same parameters to indicate page numbers or other locations in the text.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
{{sfn|Smith|2005|p=25}} |
Article text.[1]
|
{{sfn|Smith|2005|loc=chpt. 3}} |
Article text.[1]
|
{{sfn|Smith|2005|loc=section 7}} |
Article text.[1]
|
The optional parameter|postscript=
or|ps=
can be used to change the text which appears at the end of the note in the reference list. (See#Additional comments or quotes,below.) The default is a period (full stop); to remove this use {{sfn|Smith|2005|p=25|ps=none}}. (See#No closing period,below.) The postscript is only effective the first time {{sfn}} is used for a particular author, year and location.
The optional parameter|ref=
is used to specify the reference value that links the short citation to the full citation. This parameter is usually not necessary and it is more common to use{{sfnRef}}
or{{harvid}}
in the reference section. If you specify|ref=none
no hyperlink is created. Note that, if one does not want the link, it is always possible to simply not use the template. (Not available in {{sfn}} and similar templates.)
Aliases
[rætta wikitekst]The parameters|page=
|pages=
and|Ref=
exist as aliases for|p=
|pp=
and|ref=
respectively.
Reference section
[rætta wikitekst]The links in the Harvard citation templates can find anchors inCitation Style 1,Citation Style 2and similar templates. To make the anchor, parameter|ref=harv
must be set. This is not necessary for {{citation}}, but is normally necessary for the others.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
==References== * {{citation | title = Smith's paper |... }} * {{cite web | title = Smith & Jones website |... | ref = harv }} * {{cite news | title = Article by Smith, Jones and Brown |... | ref = harv }} * {{cite journal | title= Smith, Jones, Brown and Black's Paper |... | ref = harv }} |
|
Author-date citation templates
[rætta wikitekst]There are several templates used to create in-text citations; they differ in the use and placement of parenthesis, in the separator before the page or location and in whether a terminal full stop (period) is present:
Templates | Aliases | Example |
---|---|---|
{{Harvard citation no brackets}} | {{harvnb}} | Smith 2006,p. 25 |
{{Harvard citation}} | {{harv}} | (Smith 2006,p. 25) |
{{Harvard citation text}} | {{harvtxt}} | Fyrimynd:Harvtxt |
{{Harvcoltxt}} | Fyrimynd:Harvcoltxt | |
{{Harvcol}} | (Smith 2006:25) | |
{{Harvcolnb}} | Fyrimynd:Harvcolnb | |
{{Harvard citations}} | ({{harvs}}) | Fyrimynd:Harvs(and many other forms). |
{{Harvp}} | Fyrimynd:Harvp | |
{{Shortened footnote template}} | {{sfn}} | Article text.[1]
|
{{Sfnp}} | Article text.[1]
| |
{{Sfnm}} | Article text.[1]
|
Full citations can be created manually or by templates:
- Citation Style 1templates
- {{citation}}
All of these templates have the same parameters and basic functionality. This page describes all of them except the parameters of{{sfnm}}
and{{harvs}}
;please see their documentation pages. Editors editing one of these templates are requested to make parallel changes to the other versions.
Applications
[rætta wikitekst]Harvard citation: {{harv}}
[rætta wikitekst]- See also:Fyrimynd:See section
Template {{harv}} creates aparenthetical referencewith a link to the full citation in the references section at the bottom of the article.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
Article text {{harv|Smith|2006|p=25}}. ==References== * {{cite book | ref = harv | last = Smith | first = John | title = Smith's book | year = 2006 }} |
Article text (Smith 2006,p. 25).
|
Shortened footnote: {{sfn}} or {{harvnb}}
[rætta wikitekst]- See also:Fyrimynd:See section
Template {{harvnb}} inside a<ref>
span can be used to create aShortened footnotesthat is linked to the full citation at the bottom of the article. Template {{sfn}} (without the use of<ref>
) has the same effect and it also combines identical footnotes automatically.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=25}} More article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=25}} Still more article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=26}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | ref = harv | last = Smith | first = John | year = 2007 | title = Smith's Book }} |
Article text.[1]
More article text.[1] Still more article text.[2] Fyrimynd:Fake notes and references
|
Article text.<ref name=Smith2008p25>{{harvnb|Smith|2008|p=25}}.</ref> More article text.<ref name=Smith2008p25/> Still more article text.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2008|p=26}}.</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | ref = harv | last = Smith | first = John | year = 2008 | title = Smith's Book }} |
Article text.[3]
More article text.[3] Still more article text.[4] Fyrimynd:Fake notes and references
|
In text attribution: {{harvtxt}}
[rætta wikitekst]- See alsoFyrimynd:See section
Template {{harvtxt}} can be used to link anin-text attributionto the full citation at the bottom of the page.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
According to {{harvtxt|Smith|2009|p=25}}... ==References== * {{citation | last = Smith | first = John | year = 2009 | title = Smith's Book }} |
According toFyrimynd:Harvtxt...
|
Bundled citation: {{harvnb}} or {{sfnm}}
[rætta wikitekst]- See also:Fyrimynd:See section
Template {{harvnb}} can be used tobundle citations.{{sfnm}}
also produces bundled citations.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
Article text ({{harvnb|Smith|2010|p=25}}; {{harvnb|Jones|2010}}). |
Article text (Smith 2010,p. 25;Jones 2010). |
Article text.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2010|p=25}}; {{harvnb|Jones|2010}}</ref> |
Article text.[5]
|
Article text.{{sfnm|la1=Smith|y1=2010|p1=25|la2=Jones|y2=2010}} |
Article text.[1]
|
==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith... Smith's book }} * {{cite book | last = Jones... Jones' book }} |
|
Note that {{sfn}} is inappropriate for bundled citations; use {{harvnb}} or {{sfnm}}.
More exotic Harvard citations {{harvid}} or {{harvs}}
[rætta wikitekst]- Høvuðsgrein:Template:Harvard citations
More exotic Harvard citations can be constructed using the {{harvs}} template, such as multiple papers by the same author, using both the first and last names, links to articles about the author, and others. Any kind of unusual link can also be constructed using the idiom[[#{{harvid|
parameters}}|
link name]]
.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
The theory was developed by {{harvs|txt|first=F. J.|last=Murray|author1-link=F. J. Murray|first2=J.|last2=von Neumann|author2-link=John von Neumann|year=1936|year2=1937|year3=1943}}. |
The theory was developed byFyrimynd:Harvs. |
The theory was developed by [[F. J. Murray]] and [[John von Neumann|J. von Neumann]] ([[#{{harvid|Murray|von Neumann|1936}}|1936]],[[#{{harvid|Murray|von Neumann|1937}}|1937]],[[#{{harvid|Murray|von Neumann|1943}}|1943]]). |
The theory was developed byF. J. MurrayandJ. von Neumann(1936,1937,1943). |
== References == * {{citation | last1=Murray | year = 1936 |...}} * {{citation | last1=Murray | year = 1937 |...}} * {{citation | last1=Murray | year = 1943 |...}} |
|
Some articles use this idiom[[#CITEREF
id|link name]]
.See notes onimplementation detailsbelow.
Variations
[rætta wikitekst]Using colon format: {{harvcol}}, {{harvcolnb}}, {{harvcoltxt}}
[rætta wikitekst]Templates {{harvcol}}, {{harvcolnb}}, {{harvcoltxt}} use a colon to indicate the page number(s) or location.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
{{harvcol|Smith|2011|p=25}} |
(Smith 2011:25) |
{{harvcolnb|Smith|2011|p=25}} |
Fyrimynd:Harvcolnb |
{{harvcoltxt|Smith|2011|p=25}} |
Fyrimynd:Harvcoltxt |
{{harvcol|Smith|2011|p=25–26}} |
(Smith 2011:25–26) |
{{harvcol|Smith|2011|loc=chpt. 3}} |
(Smith 2011:chpt. 3) |
Parenthesis around the year: {{sfnp}} and {{harvp}}
[rætta wikitekst]Template{{sfnp}}
puts parenthesis around the year. Compare the two examples.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
Article text.{{sfnp|Smith|2011}} == Notes == {{reflist}} |
Article text.[1]
|
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2011}} == Notes == {{reflist}} |
Article text.[1] |
Similarly, in order to mimicCitation Style 1citations, template{{harvp}}
puts parenthesis around the year.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
{{harvp|Smith|2011|p=25}} |
Fyrimynd:Harvp |
Additional comments or quotes:|ps=
[rætta wikitekst]Paramater|ps=
can be used to add quotes or additional comments. Note that this effect can also be achieved using{{harvnb}}
,if done as shown in the last example. The postscript is only effective the first time {{sfn}} is used for a particular author, year and location.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
Some information.{{sfn|Smith|2011|p=2|ps=: "A quote verifying the information." }} == Notes == {{reflist}} |
Some information.[1]
|
"A quote in a secondary source." {{sfn|Smith|2011|p=2|ps=, quoted in {{harvtxt|Jones|2010|p=343}}}} == Notes == {{reflist}} |
"A quote in a secondary source."[1]
|
Some information.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2011|p=2}}: "A quote verifying the information." </ref> == Notes == {{reflist}} |
Some information.[1]
|
No closing period:|ps=none
[rætta wikitekst]Using|ps=none
in{{sfn}}
removes the final period. Compare the two examples. Suppressing the default period (full stop) ensures consistency withCitation style 2,as produced by {{Citation}}, which does not use a trailing period (full stop) in notes. The postscript is only effective the first time {{sfn}} is used for a particular author, year and location.|ps=
will also suppress terminal punctuation. Follow-on editors who encounter 'empty' parameters can't know if a previous editor intended to leave that parameter blank. Using the keyword none is a positive indication of the previous editor's intent.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2011|ps=none}} == Notes == {{reflist}} |
Article text.[1]
|
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2011}} == Notes == {{reflist}} |
Article text.[1] |
Adding a URL for the page or location
[rætta wikitekst]If a specific link to the page or section is available, aURLcan be added to the location or page number.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
{{harv|Smith|2011|loc=[http://en.wikipedia.org chpt 3]}} |
(Smith 2011,chpt 3) |
{{harv|Smith|2011|loc=[http://en.wikipedia.org §7]}} |
(Smith 2011,§7) |
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2011|p=[http://en.wikipedia.org 3]}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | year = 2011 | title = Smith's other book }} |
Fyrimynd:Fake notes and references |
Possible issues
[rætta wikitekst]Wikilink to citation does not work
[rætta wikitekst]If an article is using this template, and nothing happens when you click on the highlightedwikilinkfrom a Harvard style citation to a full citation at the bottom of the page, there are several possible solutions. If:
- The correct citation doesnotappear at the bottom of the article.Solution:Find the source (it may be copied from an article on a similar subject), and check that it verifies the text. If the source can't be found, tag the citation with {{citation not found}}.
- The correct citation appears at the bottom of the article, and
- The Harvard citation uses a template (such as {{sfn}} or {{harv}}):
- The citation uses a template from the list atCitation Style 1:
- The name is spelled or capitalized differently here than the citation.Solution:check the source for the correct spelling.
- The year is different here than the citation.Solution:check the source for the correct year.
- The citation template requires
|ref=harv
(not needed for {{citation}}, but is needed for most otherCitation Style 1templates).Solution:Add|ref=harv
. - The template has a
|date=
field and no|year=
field, but the format of the|date=
field is unusual.Solution:Try to fix the date. If the link still does not work, add|year=
to the citation template. (It's okay if it has both.) - The citation does not have an author's last name.Solution:check that
|ref={{harvid}}
is set correctly (see below).
- The citation uses aCitation Style Vancouvertemplate.Solution:check that
|harvid=
is set correctly (see below). - The citation uses a template that does not support
|ref=
(SeeWikipedia:Citation templates and reference anchors).Solution:An anchor can be created using{{wikicite|id={{harvid|args}}|reference={{citation}}}}
. - The citation does not use a template:
- It has no wikicode to create an anchor.Solution:IfFyrimynd:Cite *citation templates are used liberally throughout the article, then reformat the citation with the appropriateFyrimynd:Cite *template and set the
|ref=
appropriately. Otherwise consult with local editors on the talk page about how to proceed. Either addFyrimynd:Cite *templates and {{harv}} templates, or remove all templates, depending on what local editors prefer. A few articles use {{wikicite}} to create an anchor as an alternative to standard templates. - Uses a
span to create an anchor.Solution:remove the cite span (these are deprecated) and proceed as with the previous.<cite>
- Uses {{wikicite}}.Solution:Check that
|id={{harvid}}
matches.
- It has no wikicode to create an anchor.Solution:IfFyrimynd:Cite *citation templates are used liberally throughout the article, then reformat the citation with the appropriateFyrimynd:Cite *template and set the
- The citation uses a template from the list atCitation Style 1:
- If the Harvard citation uses a handwritten wikilink, such as
[[#Reference-Smith2006|Smith (2006)]]
- The citation uses a citation template which supports
|ref=
(SeeWikipedia:Citation templates and reference anchors).Solution:Check that|ref=
is set to a matching id. - Otherwise, check that the reference has
{{wikicite|ref=id|reference=citation}}
with a matching id.
- The citation uses a citation template which supports
- The Harvard citation uses a template (such as {{sfn}} or {{harv}}):
Templates that have brokenwikilinksusing these templates are added to the categoryBólkur:All articles with broken links to citations.
More than one work in a year
[rætta wikitekst]{{sfn|Smith|2006a}}
and{{sfn|Smith|2006b}}
).
Templates that use Module:Citation/CS1
[rætta wikitekst]When{{sfn}}is used with{{citation}}
orCitation Style 1templates, a year-suffix letter may be added to|date=
for all accepted date formats except year initial numeric (YYYY-MM-DD). It is not necessary to include both|year=
and|date=
.If both are included,|year=
is used for theCITEREF
anchor to be compliant with legacy citations.
|date=2013a
}} – simple year only dates|date=Jan 2013b
or|date=Winter 2013b
– month or season and year dates|date=9 November 2013b
or|date=November 9, 2013b
– full dates|date=June–July 2013c
or|date=Winter–Spring 2013c
– month or season ranges and year dates|date=c. 2013d
– circa year dates|date=2024–2025f
or|date=Summer 2024–25f
– year ranges|date=n.d.e
– no date (n.d.)– not supported, the template must use|date=2013x-11-09
|year=2013x
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
Article text.{{sfn |Smith|1993a| p=25}} More text.{{sfn |Smith|1993b| p=32}} ==Notes== {{reflist |close=1}} ==References== * {{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Karen |date=January 1993a |title=Smith's first paper |journal=Important Journal |ref=harv }} * {{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Karen |date=Spring–Summer 1993b |title=Smith's second paper |journal=Another Important Journal |ref =harv }} |
Fyrimynd:Fake notes and references |
More than one author with the same last name
[rætta wikitekst]The above solution to add a letter suffix after the year element also works for multiple authors with the same last name. For example, bothRichard BushmanandClaudia Lauper Bushmanpublished books in 2006. To differentiate between the two books, the first one is given the year "2006a" and the second one "2006b".
Large numbers of authors
[rætta wikitekst]Only the first four authors are required by the template. Listing more is not supported. It also possible to use the
|ref={{harvid}}
in the citation template, which allows a more concise citation in the article text.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
Article text {{harv |Smith|Jones|Brown|Black|1994| p=25}}. ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | last2 = Jones | last3 = Brown | last4 = Black | last5 = Davis | last6 = Martinez | last7 = Hsu | year= 1994 | title= Scientific paper written by dozens of scientists | journal = Important Journal | ref = harv }} |
Article text (Smith et al. 1994,p. 25).
|
Article text {{harv |Smith et al.|1995| p=25}}. ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | last2 = Jones | last3 = Brown | last4 = Black | last5 = Davis | last6 = Martinez | last7 = Hsu | year= 1995 | title= Another paper by even more scientists | journal = Important Journal | ref = {{harvid|Smith et al.|1995}} }} |
Article text (Smith et al. 1995,p. 25).
|
No author name in citation template
[rætta wikitekst]Some sources do not have a single author with a last name, such as a magazine article or a report from a government institution. There is no consensus (in Wikipedia or among citation styles) about how to format author-date citations to works that do not have a specific author. Several choices are:
- For a newspaper or periodical you may use the name of the paper and the date.
- For a publication by an institution, use either:
- The initials of the institution
- The name of the institution
- Alternatively, some style guides recommend using the title of the article.
- Other style guides recommend using "Anonymous" or "Anon."
An article should adopt one of these styles consistently. Using|ref={{harvid}}
in the citation template can handle these cases.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
Article text.{{sfn |BGI|1996|p=429}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | title = Important Book | year = 1996 | publisher = Big Government Institution | ref = {{harvid|BGI|1996}} }} |
Fyrimynd:Fake notes and references |
Article text.{{sfn |''Popular Magazine''|1996|p=29}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite magazine | magazine = Popular Magazine | title = An Article by an Anonymous Author | year = 1996 | ref = {{harvid|Popular Magazine|1996}} }} |
Fyrimynd:Fake notes and references |
Citation has|date=
and no|year=
[rætta wikitekst]Either the|year=
or|date=
of a citation template can be matched – the template logic can extract the year from a full date. If the date parameter is not a full date, then the extraction will fail. If the link does not seem to work, it also possible to set both|date=
and|year=
parameters. The template will display the date and use the year for the anchor. If only the year is known the|year=
field must be used in the citation for the link to work correctly (i.e.|date=2005
may not work correctly). These two examples show a year being successfully extracted from full date.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1997|p=101}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | first = Karen | date = 11 May 1997 | title = Smith's 1997 paper | journal= Important Journal | ref = harv }} |
Fyrimynd:Fake notes and references |
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=101}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | first = Karen | date = May 1998 | title = Smith's 1998 paper | journal= Important Journal | ref = harv }} |
Fyrimynd:Fake notes and references |
Citation template does not support|ref=harv
[rætta wikitekst]TheFyrimynd:Vcitefamily of templates use parameter|ref=harvid
to create an anchor for the Harvard citation templates. This must be set to a concatenation of the parameters passed to the Harvard citation template.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1999|p=101}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{vcite book | last = Smith | first = Karen | year = 1999 | title = Smith's 1999 Book | harvid = Smith1999 }} |
Fyrimynd:Fake notes and references |
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2000|p=101}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite thesis | last = Smith | first = Karen | date = May 2000 | title = Smith's Thesis | ref = {{harvid|Smith|2000}} }} |
Fyrimynd:Fake notes and references |
Citation format does not support anchors: {{wikicite}}
[rætta wikitekst]In a few very rare cases, it may be impossible for the citation templates to create an anchor. Either (1) the citation is formatted with a template that does not support the|ref=
parameter or (2) the source can't be described using our citation templates at all. In these cases, it is possible to use {{wikicite}} to make the anchor. (As of November 2010, there are only approximately 100 articles that require this technique.) It is also possible that (3) local editors would prefer not to use citation templates. In this case, it is important to discuss what the local editors would like to do about the bad links. It is always possible to simply remove {{harv}} or {{sfn}}.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
Article text.{{sfn |Big Government Agency|1999}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{wikicite | reference = {{cite report | title=Important Government Report | publisher=Big Government Agency | year=1999 }} | ref = {{harvid|Big Government Agency|1999}} }} |
Fyrimynd:Fake notes and references |
Article text.{{sfn |A particularly unusual citation}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{wikicite | reference = A source that can't be described using our citation templates at all. | ref = {{harvid|A particularly unusual citation}} }} |
Fyrimynd:Fake notes and references |
It is also possible to use<cite>
to achieve the same effect, but this may not be compatible withHTML 5.
Citation has multiple authors and no date
[rætta wikitekst]The templates assume that the last field is the year. Where there are multiple authors and no year the template will form a correct link but will display the last author as if it were a year. To force the displayed text to show all authors as name, the following work around may be used:
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
Article text.<ref>[[#{{harvid|Lane|Singh}}|Lane & Singh]]</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{citation | last = Lane | first = Kieran | last2 = Singh | first2 = Karun | title = Richard Watts | work = Richard Watts Charities | url = http:// richardwatts.org.uk/richardwatts1.html | accessdate = 21 June 2012 }} |
Fyrimynd:Fake notes and references |
Recommended style
[rætta wikitekst]The recommended Harvard referencing style potentially uses all four templates. Each automatically generates a hypertext link based on the name(s) and date. Here is an example
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
Some works on gravitation are so massive they warp spacetime themselves {{Harv|Misner|Thorne|Wheeler|1973}}; yet {{Harvtxt|Einstein|1915}} presented essential equations with notable brevity. The essential ingredients are the curvature tensor and the stress-energy tensor ({{Harvnb|Einstein|1915|p=844}}; {{Harvnb|Misner|Thorne|Wheeler|1973|p=41}}). ==References== *{{Citation | last=Misner | first=Charles W. | last2=Thorne | first2=Kip S. | first3=John Archibald | last3=Wheeler | title=Gravitation | publisher=W. H. Freeman | location = San Francisco | date = September 1973 | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} *{{Citation | last =Einstein | first =Albert | title =Die Feldgleichungen der Gravitation (The Field Equations of Gravitation) | journal =Königlich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften | pages =844–847 | year =1915 }} |
Some works on gravitation are so massive they warp spacetime themselves (Misner, Thorne & Wheeler 1973); yetFyrimynd:Harvtxtpresented essential equations with notable brevity. The two ingredients are the curvature tensor and the stress-energy tensor (Einstein 1915,p. 844;Misner, Thorne & Wheeler 1973,p. 41).
|
In short:
- For a single work with no author in the text (the most common case), use {{Harv}}.
- For a single work with the author named in the text, use {{Harvtxt}}.
- For multiple works at the same point, use explicit parentheses and {{Harvnb}} separated by semicolons.
- For anything more complicated use {{Harvs}}.
Implementation notes
[rætta wikitekst]These templates use two elements: awikilinkin the body of the article, and ananchorin the reference section of the article. Clicking on the wikilink repositions the page at the anchor.
Citation templateanchor
[rætta wikitekst]The most common citation templates areCitation Style 1orCitation Style 2.If|ref=harv
is set, thenModule:Citation/CS1and {{Citation/core}} create ananchor<a name= "CITEREF" >
followed by the concatenation of the following parameters:
- lastorlast1orsurnameorsurname1orauthororauthor1orauthors,
- last2orsurname2orauthor2,
- last3orsurname3orauthor3,
- last4orsurname4orauthor4,
- editor-lastoreditor-surnameoreditor1-lastoreditor1-surnameoreditororeditors,
- editor2-lastoreditor2-surname,
- editor3-lastoreditor3-surname,
- editor4-lastoreditor4-surname,
- year.
Template {{Citation}} sets|ref=harv
as the default.
This covers the most common templates. Information about all the templates is available atWikipedia:Citation templates and reference anchors.
Please note that the above list doesnotinclude the deprecatedcoauthorparameter, which is ignored in generating the citation's CITEREF anchor. It is recommended that, when used with the harv family templates, citation templates always use the numberedlastparameters instead ofcoauthorso that a more accurate CITEREF anchor may be generated. Ifcoauthoris used, it will not be possible to generate a Harvard citation that displays the authors' names correctly and that generates a link to the correct CITEREF anchor.
Use of thedateparameter in place of theyearparameter in citation templates is preferred when full dates are known.
Harvard citationwikilink
[rætta wikitekst]{{Harv|Smith|2006|p=25}}
produces the link#CITEREFSmith2006
and{{Citation|last=Smith|first=John|date=27 January 2006|title=My Life}}
produces the anchorCITEREFSmith2006
.
Using CITEREF directly
[rætta wikitekst]CITEREF
,either in place of the Harvard citation template (e.g.[[#CITEREFSmith2006|(2006)]]
) or as a value for|ref=
in the citation template.
Examples:
{{sfn|cite name|year}}
{{cite book|ref=CITEREFcite_nameyear}}
{{cite book|ref=
{{sfnref|cite name|year}}
}}
Wherecite_nameis a name such as the publisher.
{{sfn}}'sref name
[rætta wikitekst]FOOTNOTE
followed by a concatenation of the arguments to {{sfn}}. E.g.: this template call{{sfn|Smith|2006|p=26}}
should have exactly the same functionality as<ref name= "FOOTNOTESmith200626" >{{Harvnb|Smith|2006|p=26}}
</ref>
which, in turn, has the same functionality as<ref name= "FOOTNOTESmith200626" >[[#CITEREFSmith2006|Smith (2006)]], p. 26</ref>
The call to {{harvnb}} has beensubst'ed for quicker load times.
Fyrimynd:Wikipedia referencing
This template creates a short author-date citation in a footnote. It allows you to link inline citation using Harvard citations (a form of short citations using parenthetical references) to their corresponding full bibliographic citations.
Parameter | Description | Type | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | Last name of first (or only) author | Unknown | required |
2 | 2 | Year for citations with one author, or last name of second author for citations with two or more authors | Unknown | required |
3 | 3 | Year for citations with two authors, or last name of third author for citations with three or more authors | Unknown | optional |
4 | 4 | Year for citations with three authors, or last name of fourth author for citations with four authors | Unknown | optional |
5 | 5 | Year for citations with four authors | Unknown | optional |
p | p | Page number in source. | Unknown | suggested |
pp | pp | Page numbers in source. | Unknown | optional |
loc | loc | Location in source | Unknown | optional |
Dokumentatióninomanfyri ertikinfráFyrimynd:Sfn/doc.(rætta|søga) Editors can experiment in this template's sandkassi(upprætta|mirror)and testcases(upprætta)pages. Please add categories to the/docsubpage.Undirsíður til hesa/hetta fyrimyndina. |