Acat(1)clone with syntax highlighting and Git integration.
Key Features•
How To Use•
Installation•
Customization•
Project goals, alternatives
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bat
supports syntax highlighting for a large number of programming and markup
languages:
bat
communicates withgit
to show modifications with respect to the index
(see left side bar):
You can use the-A
/--show-all
option to show and highlight non-printable
characters:
By default,bat
pipes its own output to a pager (e.g.less
) if the output is too large for one screen.
If you would ratherbat
work likecat
all the time (never page output), you can set--paging=never
as an option, either on the command line or in your configuration file.
If you intend to aliascat
tobat
in your shell configuration, you can usealias cat='bat --paging=never'
to preserve the default behavior.
Even with a pager set, you can still usebat
to concatenate files 😉.
Wheneverbat
detects a non-interactive terminal (i.e. when you pipe into another process or into a file),bat
will act as a drop-in replacement forcat
and fall back to printing the plain file contents, regardless of the--pager
option's value.
Display a single file on the terminal
>bat README.md
Display multiple files at once
>bat src/*.rs
Read from stdin, determine the syntax automatically (note, highlighting will
only work if the syntax can be determined from the first line of the file,
usually through a shebang such as#!/bin/sh
)
>curl -s https://sh.rustup.rs|bat
Read from stdin, specify the language explicitly
>yaml2json.travis.yml|json_pp|bat -l json
Show and highlight non-printable characters:
>bat -A /etc/hosts
Use it as acat
replacement:
bat>note.md#quickly create a new file
bat header.md content.md footer.md>document.md
bat -n main.rs#show line numbers (only)
bat f - g#output 'f', then stdin, then 'g'.
You can usebat
as a previewer forfzf
.To do this,
usebat
s--color=always
option to force colorized output. You can also use--line-range
option to restrict the load times for long files:
fzf --preview"bat --color=always --style=numbers --line-range=:500 {}"
For more information, seefzf
'sREADME
.
You can use the-exec
option offind
to preview all search results withbat
:
find… -exec bat {} +
If you happen to usefd
,you can use the-X
/--exec-batch
option to do the same:
fd… -X bat
Withbatgrep
,bat
can be used as the printer forripgrep
search results.
batgrep needle src/
bat
can be combined withtail -f
to continuously monitor a given file with syntax highlighting.
tail -f /var/log/pacman.log|bat --paging=never -l log
Note that we have to switch off paging in order for this to work. We have also specified the syntax
explicitly (-l log
), as it can not be auto-detected in this case.
You can combinebat
withgit show
to view an older version of a given file with proper syntax
highlighting:
git show v0.6.0:src/main.rs|bat -l rs
You can combinebat
withgit diff
to view lines around code changes with proper syntax
highlighting:
batdiff() {
git diff --name-only --relative --diff-filter=d|xargs bat --diff
}
If you prefer to use this as a separate tool, check outbatdiff
inbat-extras
.
If you are looking for more support for git and diff operations, check outdelta
.
The line numbers and Git modification markers in the output ofbat
can make it hard to copy
the contents of a file. To prevent this, you can callbat
with the-p
/--plain
option or
simply pipe the output intoxclip
:
bat main.cpp|xclip
bat
will detect that the output is being redirected and print the plain file contents.
bat
can be used as a colorizing pager forman
,by setting the
MANPAGER
environment variable:
exportMANPAGER="sh -c 'col -bx | bat -l man -p'"
man 2select
(replacebat
withbatcat
if you are on Debian or Ubuntu)
It might also be necessary to setMANROFFOPT= "-c"
if you experience
formatting problems.
If you prefer to have this bundled in a new command, you can also usebatman
.
Note that theManpage syntaxis developed in this repository and still needs some work.
Also, note that this willnot workwith Mandocsman
implementation.
Theprettybat
script is a wrapper that will format code and print it withbat
.
You can usebat
to colorize help text:$ cp --help | bat -plhelp
You can also use a wrapper around this:
#in your.bashrc/.zshrc/*rc
aliasbathelp='bat --plain --language=help'
help() {
"$@"--help2>&1|bathelp
}
Then you can do$ help cp
or$ help git commit
.
When you are usingzsh
,you can also use global aliases to override-h
and--help
entirely:
alias-g -- -h='-h 2>&1 | bat --language=help --style=plain'
alias-g -- --help='--help 2>&1 | bat --language=help --style=plain'
This way, you can keep on usingcp --help
,but get colorized help pages.
Be aware that in some cases,-h
may not be a shorthand of--help
(for example withls
).
Please report any issues with the help syntax inthis repository.
... and other Debian-based Linux distributions.
bat
is available onUbuntu since 20.04 ( "Focal" )andDebian since August 2021 (Debian 11 - "Bullseye" ).
If your Ubuntu/Debian installation is new enough you can simply run:
sudo apt install bat
Important:If you installbat
this way, please note that the executable may be installed asbatcat
instead ofbat
(due toa name
clash with another package). You can set up abat -> batcat
symlink or alias to prevent any issues that may come up because of this and to be consistent with other distributions:
mkdir -p~/.local/bin
ln -s /usr/bin/batcat~/.local/bin/bat
... and other Debian-based Linux distributions.
If the package has not yet been promoted to your Ubuntu/Debian installation, or you want
the most recent release ofbat
,download the latest.deb
package from the
release pageand install it via:
sudo dpkg -i bat_0.18.3_amd64.deb#adapt version number and architecture
You can installthebat
package
from the official sources, provided you have the appropriate repository enabled:
apk add bat
You can installthebat
package
from the official sources:
pacman -S bat
You can installthebat
packagefrom the officialFedora Modularrepository.
dnf install bat
You can installthebat
packagefrom dev-kit.
emerge sys-apps/bat
You can installthebat
package
from the official sources:
emerge sys-apps/bat
You can installbat
via xbps-install:
xbps-install -S bat
You can installbat
via pkg:
pkg install bat
You can install a precompiledbat
packagewith pkg:
pkg install bat
or build it on your own from the FreeBSD ports:
cd/usr/ports/textproc/bat
make install
You can installbat
package usingpkg_add(1)
:
pkg_add bat
You can installbat
using thenix package manager:
nix-env -i bat
You can installbat
usingFlox
flox install bat
You can installbat
with zypper:
zypper install bat
There is currently no recommended snap package available. Existing packages may be available, but are not officially supported and may containissues.
You can installbat
withHomebrew:
brew install bat
Or installbat
withMacPorts:
port install bat
There are a few options to installbat
on Windows. Once you have installedbat
,
take a look at the"Usingbat
on Windows "section.
You will need to install theVisual C++ Redistributablepackage.
You can installbat
viaWinGet:
winget install sharkdp.bat
You can installbat
viaChocolatey:
choco install bat
You can installbat
viascoop:
scoop install bat
You can download prebuilt binaries from theRelease page,
You will need to install theVisual C++ Redistributablepackage.
Check out theRelease pagefor
prebuilt versions ofbat
for many different architectures. Statically-linked
binaries are also available: look for archives withmusl
in the file name.
If you want to buildbat
from source, you need Rust 1.70.0 or
higher. You can then usecargo
to build everything:
cargo install --locked bat
Note that additional files like the man page or shell completion
files can not be installed in this way. They will be generated bycargo
and should be available in the cargo target folder (underbuild
).
Usebat --list-themes
to get a list of all available themes for syntax
highlighting. To select theTwoDark
theme, callbat
with the
--theme=TwoDark
option or set theBAT_THEME
environment variable to
TwoDark
.Useexport BAT_THEME= "TwoDark"
in your shell's startup file to
make the change permanent. Alternatively, usebat
s
configuration file.
If you want to preview the different themes on a custom file, you can use
the following command (you needfzf
for this):
bat --list-themes|fzf --preview="bat --theme={} --color=always /path/to/file"
bat
looks good on a dark background by default. However, if your terminal uses a
light background, some themes likeGitHub
orOneHalfLight
will work better for you.
You can also use a custom theme by following the
'Adding new themes' section below.
bat
has three themes that always use8-bit colors,
even when truecolor support is available:
ansi
looks decent on any terminal. It uses 3-bit colors: black, red, green, yellow, blue, magenta, cyan, and white.base16
is designed forbase16terminal themes. It uses 4-bit colors (3-bit colors plus bright variants) in accordance with the base16 styling guidelines.base16-256
is designed forbase16-shell. It replaces certain bright colors with 8-bit colors from 16 to 21.Do notuse this simply because you have a 256-color terminal but are not using base16-shell.
Although these themes are more restricted, they have three advantages over truecolor themes. They:
- Enjoy maximum compatibility. Some terminal utilities do not support more than 3-bit colors.
- Adapt to terminal theme changes. Even for already printed output.
- Visually harmonize better with other terminal software.
You can use the--style
option to control the appearance ofbat
s output.
You can use--style=numbers,changes
,for example, to show only Git changes
and line numbers but no grid and no file header. Set theBAT_STYLE
environment
variable to make these changes permanent or usebat
s
configuration file.
Tip
If you specify a default style inbat
's config file, you can change which components
are displayed during a single run ofbat
using the--style
command-line argument.
By prefi xing a component with+
or-
,it can be added or removed from the current style.
For example, if your config contains--style=full,-snip
,you can run bat with
--style=-grid,+snip
to remove the grid and add back thesnip
component.
Or, if you want to override the styles completely, you use--style=numbers
to
only show the line numbers.
Should you find that a particular syntax is not available withinbat
,you can follow these
instructions to easily add new syntaxes to your currentbat
installation.
bat
uses the excellentsyntect
library for syntax highlighting.syntect
can read any
Sublime Text.sublime-syntax
file
and theme.
A good resource for finding Sublime Syntax packages isPackage Control.Once you found a syntax:
-
Create a folder with syntax definition files:
mkdir -p"$(bat --config-dir)/syntaxes" cd"$(bat --config-dir)/syntaxes" #Put new '.sublime-syntax' language definition files #in this folder (or its subdirectories), for example: git clone https://github /tellnobody1/sublime-purescript-syntax
-
Now use the following command to parse these files into a binary cache:
bat cache --build
-
Finally, use
bat --list-languages
to check if the new languages are available.If you ever want to go back to the default settings, call:
bat cache --clear
-
If you think that a specific syntax should be included in
bat
by default, please consider opening a "syntax request" ticket after reading the policies and instructionshere:Open Syntax Request.
This works very similar to how we add new syntax definitions.
First, create a folder with the new syntax highlighting themes:
mkdir -p"$(bat --config-dir)/themes"
cd"$(bat --config-dir)/themes"
#Download a theme in '.tmTheme' format, for example:
git clone https://github /greggb/sublime-snazzy
#Update the binary cache
bat cache --build
Finally, usebat --list-themes
to check if the new themes are available.
You can add new (or change existing) file name patterns using the--map-syntax
command line option. The option takes an argument of the formpattern:syntax
where
pattern
is a glob pattern that is matched against the file name and
the absolute file path. Thesyntax
part is the full name of a supported language
(usebat --list-languages
for an overview).
Note:You probably want to use this option asan entry inbat
's configuration file
for persistence instead of passing it on the command line as a one-off. Generally
you'd just use-l
if you want to manually specify a language for a file.
Example: To use "INI" syntax highlighting for all files with a.conf
file extension, use
--map-syntax='*.conf:INI'
Example: To open all files called.ignore
(exact match) with the "Git Ignore" syntax, use:
--map-syntax='.ignore:Git Ignore'
Example: To open all.conf
files in subfolders of/etc/apache2
with the "Apache Conf"
syntax, use (this mapping is already built in):
--map-syntax='/etc/apache2/**/*.conf:Apache Conf'
bat
uses the pager that is specified in thePAGER
environment variable. If this variable is not
set,less
is used by default. If you want to use a different pager, you can either modify the
PAGER
variable or set theBAT_PAGER
environment variable to override what is specified in
PAGER
.
Note
IfPAGER
ismore
ormost
,bat
will silently useless
instead to ensure support for colors.
If you want to pass command-line arguments to the pager, you can also set them via the
PAGER
/BAT_PAGER
variables:
exportBAT_PAGER="less -RF"
Instead of using environment variables, you can also usebat
sconfiguration fileto configure the pager (--pager
option).
When usingless
as a pager,bat
will automatically pass extra options along toless
to improve the experience. Specifically,-R
/--RAW-CONTROL-CHARS
,-F
/--quit-if-one-screen
,
and under certain conditions,-X
/--no-init
and/or-S
/--chop-long-lines
.
Important
These options will not be added if:
- The pager is not named
less
. - The
--pager
argument contains any command-line arguments (e.g.--pager= "less -R"
). - The
BAT_PAGER
environment variable contains any command-line arguments (e.g.export BAT_PAGER= "less -R"
)
The--quit-if-one-screen
option will not be added when:
- The
--paging=always
argument is used. - The
BAT_PAGING
environment is set toalways
.
The-R
option is needed to interpret ANSI colors correctly.
The-F
option instructsless
to exit immediately if the output size is smaller than
the vertical size of the terminal. This is convenient for small files because you do not
have to pressq
to quit the pager.
The-X
option is needed to fix a bug with the--quit-if-one-screen
feature in versions
ofless
older than version 530. Unfortunately, it also breaks mouse-wheel support inless
.
If you want to enable mouse-wheel scrolling on older versions ofless
and do not mind losing
the quit-if-one-screen feature, you can set the pager (via--pager
orBAT_PAGER
) toless -R
.
Forless
530 or newer, it should work out of the box.
The-S
option is added whenbat
's-S
/--chop-long-lines
option is used. This tellsless
to truncate any lines larger than the terminal width.
bat
expands tabs to 4 spaces by itself, not relying on the pager. To change this, simply add the
--tabs
argument with the number of spaces you want to be displayed.
Note:Defining tab stops for the pager (via the--pager
argument bybat
,or via theLESS
environment variable forless
) won't be taken into account because the pager will already get
expanded spaces instead of tabs. This behaviour is added to avoid indentation issues caused by the
sidebar. Callingbat
with--tabs=0
will override it and let tabs be consumed by the pager.
If you make use of the dark mode feature in macOS, you might want to configurebat
to use a different
theme based on the OS theme. The following snippet uses thedefault
theme when in thedark mode
and theGitHub
theme when in thelight mode.
aliascat="bat --theme=\$(defaults read -globalDomain AppleInterfaceStyle &> /dev/null && echo default || echo GitHub)"
bat
can also be customized with a configuration file. The location of the file is dependent
on your operating system. To get the default path for your system, call
bat --config-file
Alternatively, you can use theBAT_CONFIG_PATH
environment variable to pointbat
to a
non-default location of the configuration file:
exportBAT_CONFIG_PATH="/path/to/bat.conf"
A default configuration file can be created with the--generate-config-file
option.
bat --generate-config-file
There is also now a systemwide configuration file, which is located under/etc/bat/config
on
Linux and Mac OS andC:\ProgramData\bat\config
on windows. If the system wide configuration
file is present, the content of the user configuration will simply be appended to it.
The configuration file is a simple list of command line arguments. Usebat --help
to see a full list of possible options and values. In addition, you can add comments by prepending a line with the#
character.
Example configuration file:
#Set the theme to "TwoDark"
--theme="TwoDark"
#Show line numbers, Git modifications and file header (but no grid)
--style="numbers,changes,header"
#Use italic text on the terminal (not supported on all terminals)
--italic-text=always
#Use C++ syntax for Arduino.ino files
--map-syntax"*.ino:C++"
bat
mostly works out-of-the-box on Windows, but a few features may need extra configuration.
You will need to install theVisual C++ Redistributablepackage.
Windows only includes a very limited pager in the form ofmore
.You can download a Windows binary
forless
from its homepageorthrough
Chocolatey.To use it, place the binary in a directory in
yourPATH
ordefine an environment variable.TheChocolatey packageinstallsless
automatically.
Windows 10 natively supports colors in bothconhost.exe
(Command Prompt) and PowerShell since
v1511,as
well as in newer versions of bash. On earlier versions of Windows, you can use
Cmder,which includesConEmu.
Note:Old versions ofless
do not correctly interpret colors on Windows. To fix this, you can add the optional Unix tools to your PATH when installing Git. If you don’t have any other pagers installed, you can disable paging entirely by passing--paging=never
or by settingBAT_PAGER
to an empty string.
bat
on Windows does not natively support Cygwin's unix-style paths (/cygdrive/*
). When passed an absolute cygwin path as an argument,bat
will encounter the following error:The system cannot find the path specified. (os error 3)
This can be solved by creating a wrapper or adding the following function to your.bash_profile
file:
bat() {
localindex
localargs=("$@")
forindexin$(seq 0${#args[@]});do
case"${args[index]}"in
-*)continue;;
*) [-e"${args[index]}"]&&args[index]="$(cygpath --windows"${args[index]}")";;
esac
done
commandbat"${args[@]}"
}
If an input file contains color codes or other ANSI escape sequences or control characters,bat
will have problems
performing syntax highlighting and text wrapping, and thus the output can become garbled.
If your version ofbat
supports the--strip-ansi=auto
option, it can be used to remove such sequences
before syntax highlighting. Alternatively, you may disable both syntax highlighting and wrapping by
passing the--color=never --wrap=never
options tobat
.
Note
Theauto
option of--strip-ansi
avoids removing escape sequences when the syntax is plain text.
bat
handles terminalswithandwithouttruecolor support. However, the colors in most syntax
highlighting themes are not optimized for 8-bit colors. It is therefore strongly recommended
that you use a terminal with 24-bit truecolor support (terminator
,konsole
,iTerm2
,...),
or use one of the basic8-bit themesdesigned for a restricted set of colors.
Seethis articlefor more details and a full list of
terminals with truecolor support.
Make sure that your truecolor terminal sets theCOLORTERM
variable to eithertruecolor
or
24bit
.Otherwise,bat
will not be able to determine whether or not 24-bit escape sequences
are supported (and fall back to 8-bit colors).
Please try a different theme (seebat --list-themes
for a list). TheOneHalfDark
and
OneHalfLight
themes provide grid and line colors that are brighter.
bat
natively supports UTF-8 as well as UTF-16. For every other file encoding, you may need to
convert to UTF-8 first because the encodings can typically not be auto-detected. You caniconv
to do so.
Example: if you have a PHP file in Latin-1 (ISO-8859-1) encoding, you can call:
iconv -f ISO-8859-1 -t UTF-8 my-file.php|bat
Note: you might have to use the-l
/--language
option if the syntax can not be auto-detected
bybat
.
#Recursive clone to retrieve all submodules
git clone --recursive https://github /sharkdp/bat
#Build (debug version)
cdbat
cargo build --bins
#Run unit tests and integration tests
cargotest
#Install (release version)
cargo install --path.--locked
#Build a bat binary with modified syntaxes and themes
bash assets/create.sh
cargo install --path.--locked --force
If you want to build an application that usesbat
s pretty-printing
features as a library, check out thethe API documentation.
Note that you have to use eitherregex-onig
orregex-fancy
as a feature
when you depend onbat
as a library.
Take a look at theCONTRIBUTING.md
guide.
Please contactDavid Petervia email if you want to report a vulnerability inbat
.
bat
tries to achieve the following goals:
- Provide beautiful, advanced syntax highlighting
- Integrate with Git to show file modifications
- Be a drop-in replacement for (POSIX)
cat
- Offer a user-friendly command-line interface
There are a lot of alternatives, if you are looking for similar programs. See this documentfor a comparison.
Copyright (c) 2018-2023bat-developers.
bat
is made available under the terms of either the MIT License or the Apache License 2.0, at your option.
See theLICENSE-APACHEandLICENSE-MITfiles for license details.