Mahommad

**Mahommad**
Mahommad
	; "Mahommad, Çhaghter Yee" grainnit er giatynVosk y PhadeyraynsMedina
Ruggit	c. 21 or 26 April 570CE(53BH); Mecca,Hejaz, yn Arabaght
Hooar baase	8 Mean Souree 632 BNJ CE (11 AH; 61–62 vleeaney d'eash); Medina,Hejaz, yn Arabaght
Boayl oanluckee	Shamyr Chasherick y Phadeyr
Ynnyd beaghee	Mecca; Medina
Çhengey	Arabish
Keird	bochilley·consaineyr·marçhan·phadeyr·preaçhoor·politickeyr·toshiagh caggee
Sheshey	Khadija bint Khuwaylid(595 – 619); Sawda bint Zamʿa(619 – 632); Aisha(619 – 632); Hafsa bint Umar ibn Al-Khattab(624 – 632); Zaynab bint Khuzayma(625 – 627); Zaynab bint Jahsh(627 – 632); Juwayriyya bint al-Harith(628 – 632); Ramla bint Abi Sufyan(628 – 632); Rayhana bint Zayd ibn ʿAmr(629 – 631); Safiyya bint Huyayy(629 – 632); Umm Salama(629 – 632); Maria al-Qibtiyya(630 – 632); Maymunah bint al-Harith(630 – 632)
Paitçhyn	slane rolley Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad(en); Qasim ibn Muhammad(en); Ibrahim ibn Muhammad(en); Zainab bint Muhammad(en); Ruqayya bint Muhammad(en); Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad(en); Fatima(en);
Ayr	Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib
Moir	Aminah
Credjue	Hanifasyn Islam
Coorse caggee
Unnid	armee Vahommad
Faghtyssyn caggee	Expeditions of Muhammad(en); Battle of Badr(en); Battle of Uhud(en); Battle of the Trench(en); Battle of Khaybar(en); Battle of Hunayn(en); Battle of Tabouk(en)

She toshiagh crauee, sheshoil, as politickaghArabaghchammah as bunneyder ynIslam^[a]vaMahommad^[b](Arabish:مُحَمَّد;c.570 – 8 Mean Souree 632CE^[c]). Rere ynaaraue Islamagh,she phadeyr v'eh hooarbreeaghys jeeoildy phreaçheil as dy hickyraghey ny h-ynsaghynun-jeeaghveihAdaue,Abraham,Moses,Yeesey,as veihphadeyrynelley.^[2]^[3]^[4]Çheusthie jeh'n Islam, ta'd credjal dy nee eshynSeal ny Phadeyryn,as ta'nQuranmyrane lesh eynsaghynas echliaghtaghynjannoo bun y chredjue crauee Islamagh.

Va Mahommad ruggit mysh y vlein 570CE aynsMecca.^[1]She mac leshAbdullah ibn Abd al-MuttalibasAmina bint Wahbv'eh. Hooar e ayr echey, Abdullah, mac lesh y toshiaghQuraysheggyssaghAbd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim,baase mysh traa ruggyree Vahommad. Hooar e voir, Amina, baase tra v'eh shey bleeaney d'eash, red daag Mahommad ny hreoghan.^[5]^[6]V'eh troggit fo laueyn e hennayr, Abd al-Muttalib, as e naim ayroil,Abu Talib.^[7]Ayns ny bleeantyn ny s'anmey, hie eh keayrtyn ayns keiltynys ayns ooig slieau enmyssitHirafeie shiartanse d'oieghyn padjeragh. Tra v'eh 40 bleeaney d'eash, mysh y vlein 610CE, ren Mahommad fogrey dy renGabrielkeayrt er as eh 'syn ooig^[1]raad hooar ehe chied ashlishveih Jee. Ayns 613,^[8]hoshee Mahommadpreaçheilny h-ashlishyn shen er ard,^[9]fockley magh "dy nee Jee un Jee", dy nee slane "viallys" (islām) foJee(Allah) yn ymmyrkey bea kiart (dīn),^[10]as dy row eh ny phadeyr as ny haghtyer lesh Jee, gollrishphadeyryn elley 'syn Islam.^[3]^[11]^[12]

S'goan vaeiyrtyssee Vahommadhoshiaght, as hainknoidaght veih yl-jeeaghteyryn ass Meccafeie 13 bleeaney. As eh geearee shaghney yn tranlaase, chur ehshiartanse jeh ny h-eiyrtysee echeydys ynAbysseenayns 615, roish darree eh as e eiyrtyssee veih Mecca dysMedina(va enmyssit Yathrib ec y traa shen) ny s'anmey ayns 622. Ta'n taghyrt shoh, ynHijrah,ny hoshiaght jeh'neaillere Islamagh,ta enmyssit feaillere Hijrah chammah. Tra v'eh ayns Medina, ren Mahommad unnaneyssey ny h-eggyssyn foBunraght Medina.Ayns Mee ny Nollick 629, lurg hoght bleeaney dy chahyn anchinjagh lesh eggyssyn Mecca, haggil Mahommad armee er gathered an army of 10,000 noa-chredjaltee Voslymagh as ren ehmarçhal er ard-valley Mecca.Va'n varriaght begnagh neustreeuit, as ghow Mahommad yn ard-valley gyn monney guintee. Ayns 632, reggyryn dy veeghyn lurg haink eh er-ash veihPirgrinid yn Aagail,haink çhingys er as hooar eh baase. Roish laa e vaaish, va'n chooid smoo jehLieh-innys yn Arabaght er ny hyndaa dys yn Islam.^[13]^[14]

Ta ny h-ashlishyn (ayat) hooar Mahommad derrey e vaaish jannoo raneyn y Quran, coontit myr Moslymee myr "Fockle Yee" lettyragh as dy vel y chraueeaght bunnit orroo. Goaill magh y Quran, ta ynsaghyn as cliaghtaghyn Vahommad (sunnah), ta feddynit ayns coontyssyn ym-skeayllit (hadith) as ayns e hene-veashnys (sīrah), freaylt as ymmydit myrbunyleigh Islamagh.

Noteyn

↑RereWelch, Moussalli & Newby 2009,screeu daOxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World:"The Prophet of Islam was a religious, political, and social reformer who gave rise to one of the great civilizations of the world. From a modern, historical perspective, Muḥammad was the founder of Islam. From the perspective of the Islamic faith, he was God's Messenger (rasūl Allāh), called to be a "warner," first to the Arabs and then to all humankind. "
çhynd. She aachrootagh crauee, politickagh, as sheshoil va Phadeyr yn Islam hug rish nane jeh ny h-ard-veenidyn smoo 'sy theihll. Veih perspeghtaght noa-emshiragh, shenndeeagh, she bunneyder yn Islam va Mahommad. Veih perspeghtaght y chredjue Islamagh, she Çhaghter Yee (rasūl Allāh) v'eh, va gerrymit dy ve ny "raaueyder", hoshiaght dys ny h-Arabee as, eisht, dys y çheelnaue.
↑Shymmey enmys as ennym ta currit er, goaill stiaghMuhammad ibn Abd Allah,Çhaghter Yee,y Phadeyr Mahommad,Ostyl Yee,Phadeyr Jerrinagh yn Islam,as enmyn elley; shymmey caghlaa lettraghyn jeh Mahommad t'ayn, lheid asMuhammad,Mohamet,Mohammed,Mahamad,Muhamad,Mohamed,as enmyn elley.
↑TaGoldman 1995,dg. 63, toyrt 8 Mean Souree 632 CE, yn ard-tradishoon Islamagh. Ta ram tradishoonyn (neu-Islamagh er y chooid smoo) ny s'leah gra dy row eh foast bio ec traa ynvarriaght Voslymagh er y Phalasteen.

Imraaghyn

Symnaghyn

↑^a ^b ^cConrad 1987.
↑Welch, Moussalli & Newby 2009.
↑^a ^bEsposito 2002,dgn. 4–5.
↑Esposito 1998,dg. 9,12.
↑Rodinson 2021,dgn. 38, 41–3.
↑Rodgers 2012,dg. 22.
↑Watt 1974,dg. 7.
↑Howarth, Stephen.Knights Templar.1985.ISBN 978-0-8264-8034-7dg. 199.
↑Muhammad Mustafa Al-A'zami(2003),The History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments,dgn. 26–27. UK Islamic Academy.ISBN 978-1-872531-65-6.
↑Ahmad 2009.
↑Peters 2003,dg. 9.
↑Buhl & Welch 1993.
↑Holt, Lambton & Lewis 1977,dg. 57.
↑Lapidus 2002,dgn. 31–32.

Farraneyn-fys

Ahmad, Anis(2009)."Dīn".Ayns John L. Esposito (rd.).The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World.Oxford: Oxford University Press. Er ny hashtey veih’n lhieggan bunneydagh er 5 Nollick 2017.{{cite kicklipaid}}:Check date values in:|archive-date=(cooney)CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
Buhl, F.;Welch, A.T.(1993)."Muḥammad".Encyclopaedia of Islam.Ym-l. 7 (2nd ln.). Brill. dgn. 360–376.ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2.
Conrad, Lawrence I. (1987). "Abraha and Muhammad: some observations apropos of chronology and literary topoi in the early Arabic historical tradition1".Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies.Ym-lioar 50 (2): 225–40.doi:10.1017/S0041977X00049016.
Esposito, John(1998).Islam: The Straight Path(3oo ln.).Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0-19-511234-4.
Esposito, John(2002).What Everyone Needs to Know About Islam.Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0-19-515713-0.
Goldman, Elizabeth(1995).Believers: spiritual leaders of the world.Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0-19-508240-1.
Holt, P. M.;Lambton, Ann K. S.;Lewis, Bernard(1977).The Cambridge History of Islam(paperback ln.). Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-521-29135-4.
Lapidus, Ira(2002).A History of Islamic Societies(2nd ln.). Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-521-77933-3.
Peters, Francis Edward(2003).Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians.Princeton University Press.ISBN 978-0-691-11553-5.
Rodgers, Russ (2012).The Generalship of Muhammad: Battles and Campaigns of the Prophet of Allah.University Press of Florida.ISBN 978-0-8130-3766-0.
Rodinson, Maxime(2 Mayrnt 2021).Muhammad.New York Review of Books.ISBN 978-1-68137-493-2.
Watt, W. Montgomery(1974).Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman.United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.ISBN 0-19-881078-4.
Welch, Alford T.;Moussalli, Ahmad S.; Newby, Gordon D. (2009)."Muḥammad".AynsJohn L. Esposito(rd.).The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World.Oxford: Oxford University Press. Er ny hashtey veih’n lhieggan bunneydagh er 11 Toshiaght Arree 2017.{{cite kicklipaid}}:CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

Kianglaghyn magh

MahommadecCurlie

[2] RereWelch, Moussalli & Newby 2009,screeu daOxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World:"The Prophet of Islam was a religious, political, and social reformer who gave rise to one of the great civilizations of the world. From a modern, historical perspective, Muḥammad was the founder of Islam. From the perspective of the Islamic faith, he was God's Messenger (rasūl Allāh), called to be a "warner," first to the Arabs and then to all humankind. "
çhynd. She aachrootagh crauee, politickagh, as sheshoil va Phadeyr yn Islam hug rish nane jeh ny h-ard-veenidyn smoo 'sy theihll. Veih perspeghtaght noa-emshiragh, shenndeeagh, she bunneyder yn Islam va Mahommad. Veih perspeghtaght y chredjue Islamagh, she Çhaghter Yee (rasūl Allāh) v'eh, va gerrymit dy ve ny "raaueyder", hoshiaght dys ny h-Arabee as, eisht, dys y çheelnaue.

[3] Shymmey enmys as ennym ta currit er, goaill stiaghMuhammad ibn Abd Allah,Çhaghter Yee,y Phadeyr Mahommad,Ostyl Yee,Phadeyr Jerrinagh yn Islam,as enmyn elley; shymmey caghlaa lettraghyn jeh Mahommad t'ayn, lheid asMuhammad,Mohamet,Mohammed,Mahamad,Muhamad,Mohamed,as enmyn elley.

[4] TaGoldman 1995,dg. 63, toyrt 8 Mean Souree 632 CE, yn ard-tradishoon Islamagh. Ta ram tradishoonyn (neu-Islamagh er y chooid smoo) ny s'leah gra dy row eh foast bio ec traa ynvarriaght Voslymagh er y Phalasteen.

[FOOTNOTEConrad1987-1] Conrad 1987.

[FOOTNOTEWelchMoussalliNewby2009-5] Welch, Moussalli & Newby 2009.

[FOOTNOTEEsposito20024–5-6] Esposito 2002,dgn. 4–5.

[FOOTNOTEEsposito19989,12-7] Esposito 1998,dg. 9,12.

[FOOTNOTERodinson202138,_41–3-8] Rodinson 2021,dgn. 38, 41–3.

[FOOTNOTERodgers201222-9] Rodgers 2012,dg. 22.

[FOOTNOTEWatt19747-10] Watt 1974,dg. 7.

[:2-11] Howarth, Stephen.Knights Templar.1985.ISBN 978-0-8264-8034-7dg. 199.

[Al-A'zami2-12] Muhammad Mustafa Al-A'zami(2003),The History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments,dgn. 26–27. UK Islamic Academy.ISBN 978-1-872531-65-6.

[FOOTNOTEAhmad2009-13] Ahmad 2009.

[FOOTNOTEPeters20039-14] Peters 2003,dg. 9.

[FOOTNOTEBuhlWelch1993-15] Buhl & Welch 1993.

[FOOTNOTEHoltLambtonLewis197757-16] Holt, Lambton & Lewis 1977,dg. 57.

[FOOTNOTELapidus200231–32-17] Lapidus 2002,dgn. 31–32.

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