Harshen Misira

Harshen Misira
r n km.t — 𓂋𓏤𓈖𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖
Dangin harshen	Afroasiatic(en) Egyptian(en) Harshen Misira
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Egyptian hieroglyphs(en),Egyptian hieratic(en),Egyptian Demotic(en)daCoptic script(en)
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-2	egy
ISO 639-3	egy
Glottolog	egyp1246

Harshen Masarko kumatsohuwar Masarawa(r n km.t)ɓataccenharshe ne na Afro-Asiaticwanda aka yi magana atsohuwar Masar.An san shi a yau daga babbangawawwakinmatani masu rai waɗanda aka yi amfani da su zuwa duniyar zamani biyo bayanrarrabuwar tsoffin rubutun Masarawaa farkonƙarni na 19.Harsunan Masari ɗaya ne daga cikinfarkon rubutattun harsuna,an fara rubuta su a cikinrubutun hiroglyphica ƙarshenkarni na 4 BC.

Rabewa

Harshen Masari na dangin harshen Afroasiatic ne.Daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan Masari waɗanda galibi Afroasiatic ne su ne fusional morphology, ilimin halittar jiki mara daidaituwa, jerin baƙaƙe masu ƙarfafawa, tsarin wasali uku/a i u/</link>, ƙaranci na mata *-at,m-maras sani, siffa *-īda haƙiƙa na fi'ili na sirri.Daga cikin sauran rassan Afroasiatic, masana ilimin harshe sun ba da shawara daban-daban cewa harshen Masar yana da alaƙa mafi girma tare daBerberda Semiticharsuna, musammanLarabci(wanda har yanzu ana magana a Misira a yau) da kumaIbrananci.Duk da haka, wasu masana sun yi iƙirarin cewa harshen Masar yana da alaƙar kuɗaɗen harshe da yankunan arewa maso gabashin Afirka.

Akwai ra'ayoyi guda biyu waɗanda ke neman kafa tsarin haɗin kai tsakanin Masarawa da Afroasiatic, ka'idar gargajiya da neuere Komparatistik, wanda Semiticist Otto Rössler ya kafa. A cewarneuere Komparatistik</link>, a cikin Masar, Proto-Afroasiatic ya bayyana baƙaƙe*/d z ð/</link> ya zama pharyngeal ⟨ ꜥ ⟩/ʕ/</link>: Misiraꜥr.t'portal', Semiticdalt'kofa'. Ka'idar gargajiya a maimakon haka ta yi jayayya da ƙimar daneuere Komparatistikya ba wa waɗannan baƙaƙe</link>, maimakon haɗa ⟨ ꜥ ⟩ tare da Semitic/ʕ/</link> kuma/ɣ/</link>. Duk makarantun biyu sun yarda cewa Afroasiatic*/l/</link> hade da Misira ⟨ ⟩, ⟨ ⟩, ⟨ ꜣ ⟩, da ⟨ ⟩ a yaren da aka gina rubutun yare a kai, amma an kiyaye shi a wasu nau'ikan Masarawa. Sun kuma yarda cewa ainihin*/k g ḳ/</link> palatalise zuwa ⟨ ṯ j ḏ ⟩ a wasu muhallin kuma ana kiyaye shi azaman ⟨ kgq ⟩ a wasu.

Harshen Masar yana da tushen biradical da yawa kuma wataƙila tushen su ɗaya ne, sabanin fifikon Semitic don tushen triradical. Mai yiwuwa Masarawa ta fi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, kuma mai yiwuwa Semitic ya sami gyare-gyare na yau da kullun na canza tushen zuwa tsarin triradical.

Ko da yake Misira shine yaren Afroasiatic mafi dadewa da aka rubuta a rubuce a rubuce, fasalin halittarsa ya sha bamban da na sauran harsunan Afroasiatic gabaɗaya, musamman harsunan Semitic. Akwai dama da yawa: watakila Masarawa sun riga sun sami sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci daga Proto-Afroasiatic kafin a rubuta shi; ko kuma dangin Afroasiatic ya zuwa yanzu an yi nazari tare da tsarin Semito-centric wuce kima; ko, kamar yadda GW Tsereteli ya nuna, Afroasiatic shine allogenetic maimakon rukuni na harsuna.

Harshen Misira ana iya haɗa su kamar haka:

• Masari na farko, Tsohon Masari, ko Masarautar Na gargajiya
  • Tsohuwar Masarawa
    • Masari na Farko, Tsohon Masari na Farko, Tsohon Masarautar Archaic, Tsohon Masari, ko Masari na farko
    • misali Tsohon Misira
  • Masari ta tsakiya
• Daga baya Masar
  • Marigayi Masari
  • Demotic Misira
  • 'Yan Koftik