Shaye-shaye
Shaye-shaye | |
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Description(en)![]() | |
Iri |
alcohol abuse(en)![]() ![]() substance use disorder(en) ![]() |
Specialty(en)![]() |
psychiatry(en)![]() ![]() ![]() narcology(en) ![]() |
Sanadi |
alcohol consumption(en)![]() |
Effect(en)![]() |
Marchiafava-Bignami disease(en)![]() ![]() Gazawar zuciya |
Identifier(en)![]() | |
ICD-10 | F10 |
ICD-9 | 303 |
OMIM | 103780 |
DiseasesDB | alcoholism |
MedlinePlus | 000944 |
eMedicine | 000944 |
MeSH | D000437 |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Cheroot_Smoking_%28edited%29.jpg/220px-Cheroot_Smoking_%28edited%29.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Spier_21_Gables.jpg/220px-Spier_21_Gables.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Drug_addict.jpg/220px-Drug_addict.jpg)
Shaye-shaye,wanda kuma aka sani darashin amfani da barasa(AUD),[1]shine, gabadaya, duk shan wani abu wanda ke haifar da matsalolin tunani ko na jiki.[2][3][4]A baya an raba cutar zuwa nau'i biyu: shan barasa da kuma kwayoyi.[3][5]A cikin yanayin likita, an ce shaye-shaye yana wanzuwa lokacin da abubuwa biyu ko fiye da haka sun kasance: mutum yana shan barasa mai yawa na tsawon lokaci, yana da wahalar yankewa, samun da shan barasa yana daukar lokaci mai yawa. Barasa yana da karfi sosai, sakamakon amfani da rashin cika nauyin nauyi, sakamakon amfani da shi a cikin matsalolin zamantakewa, sakamakon amfani da matsalolin kiwon lafiya, sakamakon amfani da shi a cikin yanayi mai hadari, janyewa yana faruwa a lokacin tsayawa, kuma hakurin barasa ya faru tare da amfani.[3]Yin amfani da barasa na iya shafar dukkan sassan jiki, amma yana shafar kwakwalwa,zuciya, hanta, pancreas da tsarin rigakafi.[4][6]Shaye-shaye na iya haifar da tabin hankali, delirium tremens, ciwo na Wernicke-Korsakoff, bugun zuciya na yau da kullun, rashin amsawar rigakafi, hanta cirrhosis da hadaka hadarin kansa.[4][6][7]Sha a lokacin daukar ciki na iya haifar da rashin lafiyar barasa na tayin.[8]Gabadaya mata sun fi maza kula da illolin barasa, da farko saboda karancin nauyin jikinsu, karancin ƙarfin sarrafa barasa, da yawan kitsen jiki.[9]
Abubuwan muhalli da kwayoyin halitta abubuwa biyu ne da ke da alaqa da shaye-shaye, tare da kusan rabin hadarin da aka danganta ga kowane.[4]Wanda ke da iyaye ko dan'uwa mai shaye-shaye ya fi sau uku zuwa hudu damar zama mashawarcin da kansa.[4]Abubuwan muhalli sun hada da tasirin zamantakewa, al'adu da halaye.[10]Babban matakan damuwa da damuwa, da kuma farashin barasa mara tsada da sauki mai sauki, yana ƙara haɗarin.[4][11]Mutane na iya ci gaba da sha don hana ko inganta alamun janyewar.[4]Bayan mutum ya daina shan barasa, za su iya samun ƙarancin janyewar da zai yi na tsawon watanni.[4]A likitance, ana daukar shaye-shaye duka cuta ce ta jiki da ta kwakwalwa.[12][13]Tambayoyi da wasu gwaje-gwajen jini na iya gano yiwuwar shan giya.[4][14]Sannan ana tattara ƙarin bayani don tabbatar da ganewar asali.[4]
Ana iya kokarin rigakafin shaye-shaye ta hanyar tsarawa da iyakance siyar da barasa, sanya harajin barasa don kara farashinsa, da ba da magani mara tsada.[15]Maganin shaye-shaye na iya ɗaukar nau'i da yawa.[16]Saboda matsalolin likita da zasu iya faruwa a lokacin janyewa, ya kamata a kula da tsabtace barasa a hankali.[16]Wata hanyar gama gari ta haɗa da amfani da magungunan benzodiazepine, kamar diazepam.[16]Ana iya ba da waɗannan ko dai yayin shigar da su a cibiyar kiwon lafiya ko kuma wani lokaci yayin da mutum ya kasance a cikin al'umma tare da kulawa sosai.[16]Ciwon hauka ko wasu abubuwan maye na iya dagula magani.[17]Bayan cirewa, ana amfani da magungunan rukuni ko ƙungiyoyin tallafi don taimakawa mutum ya dawo shan giya.[18][19]Wani nau'i na tallafi da aka saba amfani dashi shine ƙungiyar Alcoholics Anonymous.[20]Hakanan ana iya amfani da magungunan acamprosate, disulfiram ko naltrexone don taimakawa hana ci gaba da sha.[21]
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta yi kiyasin cewa ya zuwa shekarar 2010, akwai mutane miliyan 208 da ke da shaye-shaye a duk duniya (kashi 4.1 na yawan mutanen da suka haura shekaru 15).[9][22]Ya zuwa shekarar 2015 a Amurka, kusan miliyan 17 (7%) na manya da miliyan 0.7 (2.8%) na masu shekaru 12 zuwa 17 ne abin ya shafa.[23]Shaye-shaye ya fi zama ruwan dare a tsakanin maza da matasa, kuma ba a cika samunsa ba a tsakiyar da tsufa.[4]A geographically, ba shi da yawa a Afirka (1.1% na yawan jama'a) kuma yana da mafi girman kimar a Gabashin Turai (11%).[4]Shaye-shaye ya haifar da mutuwar 139,000 kai tsaye a cikin shekarar 2013, sama da 112,000 da suka mutu a 1990.[24]An yi imanin cewa jimlar mutuwar miliyan 3.3 (5.9% na duk mace-mace) ta kasance ta hanyar barasa.[23]Shaye-shaye na rage tsawon rayuwar mutum da kusan shekaru goma.[25]An yi amfani da kalmomin da yawa, wasu na zagi wasu kuma na yau da kullun, an yi amfani da su don yin nuni ga mutanen da shaye-shaye ya shafa; maganganun sun hada datippler,mashaya,dipsomaniacdasouse.[26]A shekara ta 1979, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta hana amfani da "shaye-shaye" saboda rashin ma'anarsa, ta fifita "ciwon dogara ga barasa".[27]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe|gyara masomin]- ↑"Alcoholism MeSH Descriptor Data 2020".meshb.nlm.nih.gov.Retrieved9 May2020.
- ↑Littrell, Jill (2014).Understanding and Treating Alcoholism Volume I: An Empirically Based Clinician's Handbook for the Treatment of Alcoholism: Volume Ii: Biological, Psychological, and Social Aspects of Alcohol Consumption and Abuse.Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 55.ISBN978-1-317-78314-5.Archivedfrom the original on 20 July 2017.
The World Health Organization defines alcoholism as any drinking which results in problems
- ↑3.03.13.2"Alcohol Use Disorder: A Comparison Between DSM–IV and DSM–5".November 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 18 May 2015.Retrieved9 May2015.
- ↑4.004.014.024.034.044.054.064.074.084.094.104.11Association, American Psychiatric (2013).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5(5 ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. pp.490–97.ISBN978-0-89042-554-1.
- ↑Hasin, Deborah (December 2003)."Classification of Alcohol Use Disorders".Alcohol Research & Health: The Journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.27(1): 5–17.PMC6676702.PMID15301396.Archivedfrom the original on 18 March 2015.Retrieved28 February2015.
- ↑6.06.1"Alcohol's Effects on the Body".14 September 2011.Archivedfrom the original on 3 June 2015.Retrieved9 May2015.
- ↑Romeo, Javier; Wärnberg, Julia; Nova, Esther; Díaz, Ligia E.; Gómez-Martinez, Sonia; Marcos, Ascensión (October 2007)."Moderate alcohol consumption and the immune system: a review".The British Journal of Nutrition.98 Suppl 1: S111–115.doi:10.1017/S0007114507838049.ISSN0007-1145.PMID17922947.
- ↑"Fetal Alcohol Exposure".14 September 2011.Archivedfrom the original on 4 April 2015.Retrieved9 May2015.
- ↑9.09.1Global status report on alcohol and health 2014(PDF).World Health Organization. 2014. pp. 8, 51.ISBN978-92-4-069276-3.Archived(PDF)from the original on 13 April 2015.
- ↑Agarwal-Kozlowski, K; Agarwal, DP (April 2000). "[Genetic predisposition for alcoholism]".Ther Umsch.57(4): 179–84.doi:10.1024/0040-5930.57.4.179.PMID10804873.
- ↑Moonat, S; Pandey, SC (2012)."Stress, epigenetics, and alcoholism".Alcohol Research: Current Reviews.34(4): 495–505.PMC3860391.PMID23584115.
- ↑Mersy, DJ (1 April 2003). "Recognition of alcohol and substance abuse".American Family Physician.67(7): 1529–32.PMID12722853.
- ↑"Health and Ethics Policies of the AMA House of Delegates"(PDF).June 2008. p. 33.Archived(PDF)from the original on 20 March 2015.Retrieved10 May2015.
H-30.997 Dual Disease Classification of Alcoholism: The AMA reaffirms its policy endorsing the dual classification of alcoholism under both the psychiatric and medical sections of the International Classification of Diseases. (Res. 22, I-79; Reaffirmed: CLRPD Rep. B, I-89; Reaffirmed: CLRPD Rep. B, I-90; Reaffirmed by CSA Rep. 14, A-97; Reaffirmed: CSAPH Rep. 3, A-07)
- ↑Higgins-Biddle, John C.; Babor, Thomas F. (2018)."A Review of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), AUDIT-C, and USAUDIT for Screening in the United States: Past Issues and Future Directions".The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse.44(6): 578–586.doi:10.1080/00952990.2018.1456545.ISSN0095-2990.PMC6217805.PMID29723083.
- ↑World Health Organization (January 2015)."Alcohol".Archivedfrom the original on 23 May 2015.Retrieved10 May2015.
- ↑16.016.116.216.3Blondell, RD (February 2005). "Ambulatory detoxification of patients with alcohol dependence".Am Fam Physician.71(3): 495–502.PMID15712624.
- ↑DeVido, JJ; Weiss, RD (December 2012)."Treatment of the depressed alcoholic patient".Current Psychiatry Reports.14(6): 610–08.doi:10.1007/s11920-012-0314-7.PMC3712746.PMID22907336.
- ↑Morgan-Lopez, AA; Fals-Stewart, W (May 2006)."Analytic complexities associated with group therapy in substance abuse treatment research: problems, recommendations, and future directions".Exp Clin Psychopharmacol.14(2): 265–73.doi:10.1037/1064-1297.14.2.265.PMC4631029.PMID16756430.
- ↑Albanese, AP (November 2012). "Management of alcohol abuse".Clinics in Liver Disease.16(4): 737–62.doi:10.1016/j.cld.2012.08.006.PMID23101980.
- ↑Tusa, AL; Burgholzer, JA (2013). "Came to believe: spirituality as a mechanism of change in alcoholics anonymous: a review of the literature from 1992 to 2012".Journal of Addictions Nursing.24(4): 237–46.doi:10.1097/jan.0000000000000003.PMID24335771.
- ↑Testino, G; Leone, S; Borro, P (December 2014). "Treatment of alcohol dependence: recent progress and reduction of consumption".Minerva Medica.105(6): 447–66.PMID25392958.
- ↑"Global Population Estimates by Age, 1950–2050".30 January 2014.Archivedfrom the original on 10 May 2015.Retrieved10 May2015.
- ↑23.023.1"Alcohol Facts and Statistics".Archivedfrom the original on 18 May 2015.Retrieved9 May2015.
- ↑GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (17 December 2014)."Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013".Lancet.385(9963): 117–71.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2.PMC4340604.PMID25530442.
- ↑Schuckit, MA (27 November 2014)."Recognition and management of withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens)".The New England Journal of Medicine.371(22): 2109–13.doi:10.1056/NEJMra1407298.PMID25427113.
- ↑Chambers English Thesaurus.Allied Publishers. p. 175.ISBN978-81-86062-04-3.
- ↑WHO."Lexicon of alcohol and drug terms published by the World Health Organization".World Health Organization.Archivedfrom the original on 5 February 2013.