Amedi

Amedi
	;
Wuri
	37°05′31″N 43°29′13″E / 37.0919°N 43.487°E
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Irak
Governorate of Iraq (en)	Duhok Governorate (en)
Babban birnin	Bahdinan (en)
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	11,000
Labarin ƙasa
Altitude (en)	1,200 m
Bayanan tarihi
Ƙirƙira	3 millennium "BCE" (<3000 "BCE")

Amedi ko Amadiye ( Kurdish </link> ; ^[1] Larabci: العمادية‎ </link> ; Lishanid Noshan </link> ) wani gari ne a cikin lardin Duhok na yankin Kurdistan na Iraki. ^[2] An gina shi a kan mesa a cikin babban kwarin kogin Zab mai faɗi. An san Amedi don bikin Newroz .

Asalin sunan

A cewar ibn al-Athir, sunan Larabci "'Amadiyya" yana da sunan Imad al-Din Zengi, wanda ya gina Kagara a shekara ta 1142 a wurin wani katanga na farko da ake kira āšib. ^[3] Wata ka'idar ita ce sunan sunan Imad al-Dawla, amma wannan ka'idar ba ta da wuya

A cewar Farfesa Jeffrey Szuchman, Amedi dan Hurrian ne ko kuma Urarti . ^[4]

Tarihi

Tun daga farkon zamanin Bronze har zuwa lokacin da ya koma karkashin ikon Mitanni a karni na 16 BC, yankin Amedi wani yanki ne na Kurda kuma gaba daya yankin Subartu ne ke zaune, wanda ba ya jin yaren Semitic. A lokacin mulkin Mittani, an san mazauna wannan yanki da sunan Zubariya. ^[5] ^[6]

Bayan faduwar Mittani, Ashurnasirpal I na Daular Assuriya ta Tsakiya ya ci Amedi a cikin karni na 11 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa bayan ya yi yaki da daular Mittani.

Bayan faduwar daular Assuriya, yankin Amedi ya zama ƙarƙashin mulkin Mediya . Lokacin da Xenophon ya ratsa yankin a cikin karni na 4 BC, ya kira mazaunanta a matsayin Mediya kuma ya bayyana yankin da ba a yawan zama a matsayin "lalacewar biranen Midiya". Daga baya an shigar da yankin Amedi cikin Daular Achaemenid da sunan Media Magna. Karkashin mulkin daular Parthian Amedi ya kasance wani yanki na gundumar Barchan (Barzan). Daga karshe ya zama wani bangare na daular Sasaniya a gundumar Adiabene har zuwa lokacin da musulmi suka mamaye ta a cikin shekaru 640, bayan da suka fatattaki Kurdawa a Tikrit, Mosul da Saharzor.

Bayan haka, tsawon karnoni da dama, bayan juyin juya halin Abbasiyya a karni na bakwai, wani amir daga daular Abbasiyawa ne ya yi mulkinsa, wanda ake kyautata zaton yana daya daga cikin iyalai mafi arziki a yankin. ^[7]

Amedi shine wurin haifuwar mai da'awar Almasihu David Alroy ( fl. 1160). A cikin 1163, in ji Joseph ha-Kohen 's Emeq ha-Baka, yawan Yahudawa ya kai kusan iyalai dubu kuma suna cinikin gall-nut . Alroy ya jagoranci tawaye a kan birnin amma an ci nasara da shi kuma aka kashe shi a cikin wannan tsari. ^[8] Masanin tarihin Bayahude dan kasar Spain Solomon ibn Verga (1450-1525) ya kwatanta al'ummar Yahudawa na Amedi a lokacin Alroy a matsayin masu arziki da wadatar zuci.

Amedi shi ne wurin zama na Bahdinan mai cin gashin kansa, wanda ya dade daga 1376 zuwa 1843. Akwai rugujewar makarantar Qubahan a garin Amedi wacce aka kafa ta a lokacin yankin Sultan Hussein Wali na Bahdinan (1534-1576) don nazarin ilimin addinin Musulunci. ^[9] ^[10] Akwai kuma rugujewar majami'a da kabari da aka danganta ga cocin Ezekiel a ƙaramin garin. Ɗaya daga cikin gumakan birnin shine Babban Masallacin Amedi, wanda ya samo asali tun karni na 12 kuma mafi tsufa kuma mafi girma a yankin.

A cikin 1760, Dominican Leopoldo Soldini ya kafa manufa don Kurdistan a Amedi, tare da abokin aikinsa Maurizio Garzoni. Garzoni ya zauna a wurin na tsawon shekaru goma sha hudu kuma ya hada kalmomi 4,600 na kamus na Italiyanci-Kurdanci da nahawu. Kamus muhimmin aiki ne domin yana wakiltar binciken farko na nahawu da harshe na Kurdawa; saboda wannan dalili, ana kiran Garzoni sau da yawa "uban Kurdology". ^[11] A cikin 1907, yawan jama'a ya kai 6,000, waɗanda 2,500 Kurdawa ne, Yahudawa 1,900 da Assuriyawa 1,600 na Kaldiyawa Katolika . ^[12]

Sharuɗɗa na Yarjejeniyar Sèvres don Kurdistan mai zaman kansa (a cikin 1920)

Geography

Yanayi

Amedi yana da yanayin zafi-lokacin rani na Bahar Rum ( Köppen weather classification : Csa ) tare da lokacin zafi da sanyi, lokacin sanyi. Da yake shi ne birni mafi arewa a Iraki, shi ne birni mafi ƙasƙanci a ƙasar. Dusar ƙanƙara tana faɗowa lokaci-lokaci a cikin hunturu.