Hausa Literature

Adabin Hausa
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Adabi (Litreture) na Hausashi ne duk wani tarin rubuce-rubuce na aiki a cikin harshen Hausaa yalwace, ya haɗa da ƙarin zane -zane kamarkirari,almara,waƙa,kiɗadawasan kwaikwayoa cikin al'adun Hausawa. Sauran nau'ikan adabin Hausa sun haɗa da: Adabin baka, wanda yawancinsu sun kasance ne a rubuce. Hanyar adabin Hausa ta ƙunshi hanyar yin rikodin da adanawa da yaɗa ilimi da kuma nishaɗi, musamman a cikin rawar zamantakewa, tunani, ruhaniya, ko siyasa.

Ainihin adabin Hausa tushe ne a kan waƙoƙi, karin magana ko wasan kwaikwayo, kuma ana rarrabe irin waɗannan ayyukan gwargwadon lokutan tarihi ko kuma riko da wasu fasalce-fasalce na ado ko salo.

Tarihin asali

jihad of Shehu Usman dan Fodio,were Hausa royalist and Emires engaged themselves more in literature, it was in this period time that Hausa people know much about Islamic literature and Arabic literature, royalist likeUsman dan Fodio,Muhammed Bello.

Adabin farko

An samo asalin adabin Hausa tun daga ƙarni na 14 zuwa ƙarni 15, da Hausawa suka rubuta mafi yawan rubuce -rubucen su a cikin nassosi, a wannan lokacin Hausawa na yin rubutun Larabci da ake kira "Ajami "ta ɗan asalin Hausa, amma a lokacin Hausawa ba su yin suna da wata hanya ta adana rubuce-rubucensu na tarihi a cikin rumbun adana bayanai, daya daga cikin mawakan farko ya hada da Ibn Al-Sabbagah da Muhammad Al-Barnawi. Sauran marubutan farko sun haɗa da Abdullahi Sikka da Sheikh Jibril Ibn Umar, waɗanda ayyukansu ba za a iya samun su a cikin waɗannan shekarun ba zuwa tarihi a cikin adabin Hausa, sai dai a ji su a cikin tarihi.

Adabin karni na 19

Akwai rubuce-rubucen addini da yawa daUsman dan Fodio,da kanensaAbdullahi dan Fodio,shima daya daga cikin 'yarsaNana Asmaʼuta rubuta wakokin addini da yawa, a cikin harsunan Larabci da Hausa da Fulatanci. amma arubutunLarabci da ake kirarubutun ajami,ana daukar Nana Asma'u ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mata marubuta a Arewacin Najeriya.

Adabin karni na 20

A lokacin samun 'yancin kai, litattafan farko da aka rubuta cikin harshen Hausa a farkon karni na 20 sakamakon gasar da Rupert East ya kafa a ƙarshen shekara ta 1933 a ƙarƙashin Ofishin Fassara na arewacin Najeriya. Da yawa daga cikin malamai da marubuta da masana suka tsunduma kansu cikin gasa,Abubakar Imamne ya lashe gasar tare da wani sabon labari mai suna: "Ruwan Bagaja" ma'ana Ruwan Magani, daga baya a waccan shekarar Ofishin Fassara ya sake buga wani littafi naMuhammadu Bello Kagaramai suna: "Ganɗoki",waɗannan littattafan suna ƙarfafa marubuta da masu karatu a duk Ƙasar Hausa, tare da littattafai masu yawa da suka biyo bayansu.

Adabin zamani

Adabin zamani ko rubutaccen adabi shi ma ya rabu gida uku kamar haka: Rubutacciyar waƙa da rubutaccen wasan kwaikwayo da kuma rubutun zube.

Marubutan Hausa

An kasafta marubutan Musulunci gwargwadon shekarar da suka rayu.

Ƙarni na 14 zuwa na 17

• Muhammadal-Maghiliya rubuta a kan wajibi na Sarakuna a Kano ga Muhammadu Rumfa a cikin ƙarni na 15 da ake buƙata. Al-Maghili ɗan gwari ne daga Arewacin Afirka wanda aka haifa a yankin da yanzu Aljeriya ce.
• Muhammadibn al-Sabbaghmalami ne kuma marubuci a ƙarni na 17 daga Katsina, Arewacin Najeriya. An yi bikin sa a lokacin kuma bayan lokacin sa ya rubuta waƙar yabo don nasarar Sarkin Borno a kan mutanen Jukun. Ya kuma rubuta waka yana yabon Sarkin Katsina Muhammad Uban Yari.
• MuhammadƊanMasaniɗalibin Muhammad ibn al Sabbagh kuma shima shahararren malami ne daga Katsina. Ya kuma samar da ayyuka cikin harshen Hausa a karni na 17. Ya rubuta ayyuka da yawa, ɗaya daga cikinsu fim ne a kan Yarbawa, Muhammad Bello ya ambaci wannan aikin wanda ya rayu bayan shekaru 200 a cikin littafinsa Infaq'l-Maysuur. Azhar al-ruba fi akhbar Yuruba yana ɗaya daga cikin rubuce-rubucen farko da aka rubuta kan cinikin bayi na teku ta wani dan asalin Afirka, wanda kuma ya lura cewa an kwaso musulmai masu 'yanci daga dukkan sassan kasar Hausa an sayar da su ga Kiristocin Turai. Ya kuma rubuta wa wani Malamin Fikihu a Yarbanci yana bayanin yadda ake tantance lokacin sallar faɗuwar rana (magariba). Aikinsa cikin harshen Hausa waka ce da ya ji daga wata mata a Katsina, mai suna "Waƙar Yakin Badar". Ya zuwa yanzu an san cewa ya rubuta littattafai goma.
• AbdullahiSukaya kasance masanin Kano na zuriyar Fulbe a ƙarni na 17 wanda aka ce ya rubuta mafi yawan adabi a cikin harshen Hausa tare da aikinsa na Ruwayar Annabi Musa. Ya kuma rubuta Al-Atiya li'l muti (Kyautar mai bayarwa) da wasu da yawa.
• SalihibnIsaqya rubuta labarin Birnin Garzargamu a shekara ta 1658, inda ya kwatanta babban birnin Borno a zamanin Mai Ali ibn Al Hajj Umar.
• SheikhJibril ibn Umarmalami ne kuma marubuci a karni na 18, a cikin aikinsa Shifa al-Ghalil ya kai hari kan Musulmai wadanda suka cakuɗa akidar asali da Musulunci. Admixture na Dabbobi da Addinin Musulunci yana daga cikin manyan dalilan da aka bayar na jihadin Uthman dan Fodio a ƙarni na 19.

Karni na 19

• Abdullahi dan Fodioyana cikin manyan marubutan karni na 19, ya rubuta littattafai da yawa a duniyar Musulunci dangane da harshen Hausa.
• Nana Asmaʼumarubuciya ce kuma mawaƙiya, tana ba da gudummawa tare da tasiri mai yawa a cikin ci gaban al'amuran mata da na addini a cikin mulkin Khalifancin Sakkwato, shin an rubuta litattafai da yawa waɗanda ke bayyana kyawawan halaye na mace aMusulunci?

Karni na 20

• Abubɗaya Imamyana daya daga cikin marubutan farko-farko a Arewacin Najeriya, galibi yana ba da gudummawa wajen rubuta litattafai.
• Muhammadu Bello Kagara
• Abubakar Tafawa Balewa

Labari

An fara gabatar da litattafan Hausa ga Hausawa a lokacin mulkin mallaka a Najeriya, lokacin da aka haɗa kan yankin Arewa da Kudancin Najeriya, kusan 1800 zuwa 1930. Duk Littattafan Hausa da rubuce -rubucen suna cikin rubutun Hausa da baƙaƙen Larabci wato (Ajami) saboda rikice -rikicen Islama, har zuwa zuwan Turawan Burtaniya. Turawan mulkin mallaka a shekara ta 1904, lokacin da turawan mulkin mallaka suka tilastawa Hausawa samun ilimin Yammacin Turai, kusan a shekara ta 1930 yawancin Hausawa sun saba da karatu da rubutu ta amfani da rubutun Latin, a cikin shekara ta 1933 Hukumar Fassara ta Ofishin Arewacin Najeriya ta shirya gasar rubutu a ƙarƙashin mulkin Rupert East, da yawa marubutan Hausa da malamai sun halarci gasar da ta fito da buga littafin Hausa na Arewacin Najeriya na farko da aka fi sani da "Ruwan Bagaja" naAbubakar Imam.Shekaru bayan haka Ofishin Fassara ya buga wani littafin Hausa naMuhammadu Bello Kagaramai suna "Ganɗoki",shekaru bayan haka wani LittafinMagana Jari Cena Abubakar Imam, tare da ƙarin littattafan Hausa da za a buga gaba.

Wasan kwaikwayo

Wasan kwaikwayo na al'adu

Wannan nau'in adabin Hausa da aka yi niyyar nuna wasan kwaikwayo yayin wani taro, an haɗa tsari a cikin adabin al'adun Hausa tare da kida da rawa a cikin "Dandali"da aka sani da opera, sabanin wasan opera na Ingilishi da Girkanci kamar kamannin gini.Dandali wurine kawai na buɗe kowa zai sami wurin da ya dace da kansa. Ana yin wasa da baki ta hanyar marubucin wasan kwaikwayo wanda aka yi niyyar aiwatarwa, ya ƙunshi babban tattaunawa tsakanin haruffa da marubucin wasan kwaikwayo.

Wasan kwaikwayo na zamani

Wasan kwaikwayo na zamani a cikin adabin Hausa an kafa shi ne a shekara ta 1999 tagidan sinima na harshen Hausa,tun daga wannan lokacin yawancin Hausawa mazauna ƙauyuka da garuruwa sun watsar da wasan kwaikwayo na al'adu saboda fasahar ƙwarewa a wasan kwaikwayo.

Duba kuma

• Usman dan Fodio
• Nana Asmaʼu
• Muhammadu Bello Kagara
• Abubakar Imam
• Magana Jari Ce
• Ruwan Bagaja

Littafin tarihin

• Furniss, Graham (1996). Waka, karin magana da al'adun da suka shahara a kasar Hausa. Cibiyar Afirka ta Duniya. Edinburgh: Jami'ar Edinburgh Press don Cibiyar Afirka ta Duniya. ISBN 978-1-4744-6829-9

Kara karantawa

• Mora, Abdurrahman (1989).Tarihin Abubakar Imam.NNPC. ISBN978 169 308 8.