Taswirar duniya

Taswirar duniya
	type of map(en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	taswira
Depicts(en)	Earth's surface(en)
OpenStreetMap zoom level(en)	0

Taswirar duniya
	type of map(en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	taswira
Depicts(en)	Earth's surface(en)
OpenStreetMap zoom level(en)	0

Taswirar duniyataswirace ta mafi ko kusan dukaDuniya.Taswirorin duniya, saboda girmansu, dole ne su fuskanci matsalar tsinkaya. Taswirorin da aka yi su ta fuskoki biyu ta larura suna karkatar da nunin saman duniya mai fuska uku. Duk da yake wannan gaskiya ne ga kowace taswira, wannan birkita ta yi tsanani a taswirar duniya. An ƙirƙira dabaru da yawa don gabatar da taswirorin duniya waɗanda ke magance mabambantan teknikal manufofi da manufofin ado.

Tsara taswirar duniya yana buƙatar sanin duniya, tekunanta, da nahiyoyinta. Tun kafin-tarihi har zuwa tsakiyar zamani, samar da ingantacciyar taswirar duniya ba zai yuwu ba saboda ƙasa da rabin gaɓar tekun Duniya kuma kaɗan ne kawai daga cikin nahiyoyinta ya kasance sananne a kowace al'ada. Tare da binciken da ya fara a lokacin Farfaɗar Yurofa, ilimin doron ƙasa ya taru da sauri, ta yadda yawancin yankunan bakin tekunan duniya ya kasance taswirantacce, aƙalla sama-sama, a tsakiyar shekarun 1700 da kuma cikin nahiyoyi ta karni na ashirin.

Mafi akasari taswirorin duniya gabaɗaya suna mai da hankali ko dai kan fasalin siyasa ko kuma a kan siffofi na zahiri. Taswirorin siyasa suna jaddada iyakoki na yanki da matsugunnin mutane. Taswirori na zahiri suna nuna fasalinƙasakamar tsaunuka, nau'in ƙasa, koamfani da ƙasa.Taswirorin jogirafiyaba saman ƙasa kawai suke nunawa ba, amma characteristics ɗin dutsen da ke ƙasa, layukan kuskure, da subsurface structures. Taswirorin Choropleth suna amfani da launin hue da intensity don bambanta bambance-bambance tsakanin yankuna, kamar ƙididdigar alƙaluma ko tattalin arziki.

Tsinkayar taswira

Duk taswirorin duniya sun dogara ne akan ɗaya daga cikin tsinyar taswirori, ko hanyoyin wakiltar duniya akan shimfiɗa. Duk tsinkayoyi suna rikita da fasalinjogirafiya,nisassaki, da kwatance zuwa wani mataki. Tsinkayar taswirori daban-daban waɗanda aka haɓaka suna bayar da hanyoyi daban-daban na daidaita daidaito (accuracy) da kuma gurɓacewar da ba za a iya kauce ma wa ba wajen yin taswirorin duniya.

Wataƙila mafi sanannun tsinkaya ita ce Mercator Projection, wanda aka tsara shi da farko azaman <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_chart"rel=" mw:ExtLink "title=" Nautical chart "class=" cx-link "data-linkid=" 38 ">nautical chart</a> na ruwa.

Tsinkayen Mercator(82°S da 82°N)
Tsinkayen Mollweide
BJS Cahill Butterfly Map, 1909, daga ɗan littafin 1919
Waterman Butterfly Map, 1996 -->

Waterman Butterfly Map, 1996-->
Polarazimuthal daidaitaccen tsinkaya
Taswirarkudu zuwa sama
Taswirar tsakiyarPacific(wanda aka fi amfani dashi aGabashin Asiyada ƙasashenOceania)
Hasashen Gall–Peters,hasashen taswirar yanki daidai
Hasashen Robinson,wandaNational Geographic Societyke amfani dashi a da

Taswirorin jigogi

Tawirar jigo na nuna bayanan jogirafiya game da ɗaya ko wasu ƴan batutuwa da aka mayar da hankali a kai. Waɗannan taswirorin "suna iya kwatanta fizika, zamantakewa, siyasa, al'adu, tattalin arziki, sociological, noma, ko wani bangare na birni, jiha, yanki, ƙasa, ko nahiya".^[2]

Taswirar duniya mai dannawa(tare da rarrabuwar yanayi)
Taswirar siyasa mai sauƙi na duniya
Topographictaswirar duniya
Taswirar anthropogenic CO₂fitarwa ta ƙasa
Ƙididdigar ci gaban ɗan adam ta Majalisar DinkinDuniyata ƙasa har zuwa 2016
Taswirar duniya tana nunatsawon rayuwa
Yawan yawan jama'a na 2018 (mutane a kowace km²) ta ƙasa
Taswirar mai aman wuta
Taswirar duniya tana nuna nahiyoyin kusan shekaru miliyan 200 da suka gabata (Lokacin Triassic)
Hoton tauraron dan adamna Duniya da dare

Taswirorin tarihi

Taswirorin farko na duniya sun kama hotunan duniya tun daga zamanin ƙarfe zuwa zamanin ganowa da ɓullowarjogirafiyarzamani a farkon farkon zamani. Tsoffin taswirori suna ba da bayanai game da wuraren da aka san su a zamanin da, da kuma tushen falsafa da al'adu na taswirar, waɗanda galibi sun bambanta da cartography na zamani. Taswirori na ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da makimiyanta ke rarraba fikirorinsu da isar da su gatsararraki masu zuwa.

Duniya,Abraham Ortelius'sTypus Orbis Terrarum,wanda aka fara bugawa a 1564
Sake gina taswirar duniya naAnaximander(610-546 BC)
Taswirar duniya bisa gaPosidonius(150-130 BC), aka gina a 1628
Kyakkyawan sake ginataswirar T-da-O natsakiya (dagaMeyers Konversationslexikon,1895) (An nuna Asiya a hannun dama)
Tabula Rogerianataswirar duniya naMuhammad al-Idrisia shekara ta 1154 a kula arewa tana can kasa
Taswirar duniya a cikintsinkayar Octant(1514), daga takardun Windsor na Leonardo da Vinci
Taswirar duniya taGerardus Mercator(1569), taswirar farko a cikin sanannenhasashen Mercator
Kunyu Wanguo Quantu(daular Ming,1602)
1652 taswirar duniya byClaes Janszoon Visscher
Taswirar tarihin duniya taGerard van Schagen,1689

Duba kuma

Manazarta

↑Large-Scale Distortions in Map Projections,2007, David M. Goldberg &J. Richard GottIII, 2007, V42 N4.
↑Thematic Maps Archived2012-09-07 at theWayback MachineMap Collection & Cartographic Information Services Unit. University Library, University of Washington. Accessed 27 December 2009.

Ci gaba da karatu

Edson, Evelyn (2011).Taswirar Duniya, 1300-1492: Dagewar Al'ada da Sauyi.Jarida JHU.ISBN 1421404303
Harvey, PDA (2006).Taswirar duniya na Hereford: taswirar duniya na tsakiyar zamani da mahallin su.British Library.ISBN 0712347607

[1] Large-Scale Distortions in Map Projections,2007, David M. Goldberg &J. Richard GottIII, 2007, V42 N4.

[2] Thematic Maps Archived2012-09-07 at theWayback MachineMap Collection & Cartographic Information Services Unit. University Library, University of Washington. Accessed 27 December 2009.

[1]

[2]