Hafnium,72 Hf ngoi-kôn
steel graySpectral line s of hafnium (400–700 nm) Kî-pún sin-sit Miàng,fù-ho
hafnium, Hf ngoi-hìn
steel gray Hafnium chhaichû-khì-péu ke vi-chi
ngièn-chṳ́ sì-sú
72 ngièn-chṳ́-liòng (±)
178.49(2)[ 1] ngièn-su lui-phe̍t
ko-thu kîm-su̍k Chhu̍k ,fûn-khî
4 chhu̍k ,d-block chû-khì
period 6 thien-chṳ́ phài-lie̍t
[Xe ] 4f14 5d2 6s2 per shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 vu̍t-lî sin-chṳt Siông
ku-thí yùng-tiám
2506K (2233 °C, 4051 °F) pui-tiám
4876 K (4603 °C, 8317 °F) Me̍t-thu nearSit-vûn
13.31 g·cm−3
12 g·cm−3 Yùng-fa-ngie̍t
27.2kJ·mol−1 Chîn-fat-ngie̍t
648 kJ·mol−1 Ngie̍t-yùng-liong
25.73 J·mol−1 ·K−1
chîn-hi-ap
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
chhai T (K)
2689
2954
3277
3679
4194
4876
Ngièn-chṳ́ sin-chṳt Yông-fa-su
4 ,3, 2, 1, −2 (anamphoteric oxide) Thien-fu-sin
Pauling scale: 1.3 Thien-lì-nèn
1st: 658.5 kJ·mol−1 2nd: 1440 kJ·mol−1 3rd: 2250 kJ·mol−1 Ngièn-chṳ́ pan-kang
empirical: 159pm Khiung-ka pan-kang
175±10 pm Miscellanea Chîn-thí keu-chho
hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Sâng-suk thin rod
3010 m·s−1 (at 20 °C) Ngie̍t-phàng-chong
5.9 µm·m−1 ·K−1 (at 25 °C) Ngie̍t-chhòn-thô-li̍t
23.0 W·m−1 ·K−1 Thien-chú-li̍t
331 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) Chhṳ̀-sin
paramagnetic [ 2] Young's modulus
78 GPa Shear modulus
30 GPa Bulk modulus
110 GPa Poisson ratio
0.37 Mohs hardness
5.5 Vickers hardness
1520–2060 MPa Brinell hardness
1450–2100 MPa CAS Registry Number
7440-58-6 Le̍k-sú Hí-miàng
afterHafnia .Latin for:Copenhagen ,where it was discovered Yi-chhet
Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) Hoat-kiàn kap siōng chá ê tông-ūi-sò͘
Dirk Coster andGeorge de Hevesy (1922) Chui vún-thin ke thùng-vi-su
Chú vùn-chông:hafnium ke thùng-vi-su
iso
NA
half-life
DM
DE (MeV )
DP
172 Hf
syn
1.87 y
ε
0.350
172 Lu
174 Hf
0.162%
2×1015 y
α
2.495
170 Yb
176 Hf
5.206%
–
(α)
2.2550
172 Yb
177 Hf
18.606%
–
(α)
2.2449
173 Yb
178 Hf
27.297%
–
(α)
2.0832
174 Yb
178m2 Hf
syn
31 y
IT
2.446
178 Hf
179 Hf
13.629%
–
(α)
1.8065
175 Yb
180 Hf
35.1%
–
(α)
1.2828
176 Yb
182 Hf
trace
8.9×106 y
β−
0.373
182 Ta
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
Hafnium (Hon-ngî :鉿 hā ) he yit-chúngfa-ho̍k ngièn-su ,fa-ho̍k fù-ho vìHf ,ngièn-chṳ́ su-muk he72 .