Galles
Galles | |||
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Hymno: Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau | |||
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Nomine native | Cymru | ||
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Classe | constituent country of the United Kingdom[*], nation, region administrative[*], pais | ||
Pais | Regno de Anglaterra[*], Kingdom of Great Britain[*], United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland[*], Regno Unite, Galles | ||
Capital | Cardiff[*] | ||
Population | 3 113 000 | ||
Area | 21 218 km² ![]() |
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Situate in | Regno Unite, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland[*], Kingdom of Great Britain[*], Regno de Anglaterra[*] | ||
Coordinatas | 52°21'N, 3°38'W | ||
Linguas official | Lingua gallese, anglese | ||
Fuso horari | UTC±00:00, Europe/London[*] | ||
Valuta | libra sterling[*] | ||
Dominio de Internet | .wales[*], .cymru[*] | ||
ISO 3166-2 | GB-WLS | ||
Geonames ID | 2634895 | ||
Wikimedia Commons Category Wales |
Galles (etiam Pais del Galles, Cambria atque Cymbria, ex le nomine in lingua gallese: Cymru [ˈkəmrɨ]; e Vallia o Wallia, ex le nomine in lingua anglese: Wales [ˈweɪlz], ambes ad interlingua per origine latin classic) es un pais que forma parte del Regno Unite.[1] Illo confina con Anglaterra al est e le Mar Irlandese al west. Galles ha un population estimate verso tres milliones et es officialmente bilingue; le linguas gallese e anglese ha un stato equal, e signos bilingue son normal in tote le pais. Le decrescentia ancian del population cambrophone (i.e. de lingua gallese) ha cessate in le decennios recente; circa 20% del populo de Galles pote ora parlar gallese.[2][3]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Harlech_Castle_with_Snowdon.jpg/220px-Harlech_Castle_with_Snowdon.jpg)
Depois le Etate del Ferro, Galles es inhabitate per britones con radices linguistic celtic. Un identitate national gallese distincte emergeva post que le romanos abandonava Britannia in 407-410, e on considera Galles como un del nationes celta actual.[4][5][6] Llywelyn le Magne establiva le principato de Galles in 1216. In le seculo 13, le defaite del prince Llywelyn le Ultime per le rege anglese Edward I completava le conquesta anglonormanne de Galles e inaugurava plure seculos de occupation anglese (malgrado un ephemere restoration de independentia gallese per le prince Owain Glyndŵr al apertura del seculo 15[7][8]). Le heredes apparente al throno anglese e britannic son titulate «Prince de Galles» depois le era de Edward I. Galles esseva incorporate in le regno de Anglaterra per un serie de actos in 1535-1542; depois isto usque 1881, tote le leges facte pro Anglaterra se applicava equalmente a Galles.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Parc_and_Dare_Hall.jpg/220px-Parc_and_Dare_Hall.jpg)
Galles se industrialisava rapidemente in le seculo 19; le sector de minas de carbon, concentrate in le valleas de Galles del sud, esseva un del plus importante in le mundo. Plure characteristicas distinctive de Galles disveloppava in iste periodo: adherentia a «cappellas» (ecclesias protestante non anglican), rugby, canto choral, bandas a cupros, radicalismo politic (socialista, syndicalista revolutionari, communista etc). Galles es communmente designate le «terra del canto» (land of song) in consequentia de un potente fusion de traditiones pre-industrial del eisteddfod (festival de poesia e musica) e del canto de hymnos protestante.[9] Actores, cantatores e altere artistas son celebrate in Galles hodie, e attinge sovente successo international[10] (exemplos include Tom Jones, Bryn Terfel, Ivor Novello, Stuart Burrows, Mary Hopkin, Charlotte Church, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Richard Burton, Anthony Hopkins, Siân Phillips, Jonathan Pryce, Terry Jones...). Galles ha un tradition multo forte de rugby a 15; su equipa national es un del dece melior equipas in le mundo.[11] Malgrado le declino del minas e le sector industrial, duo tertios del population gallese continua a habitar le zono ex-industrial de Galles del sud (con un altere concentration in le nord-est). Altere partes del pais ha le reputation de esser "salvage [...] e pictoresc",[12][13] con un relievo multo montaniose.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Cardiff_Bay_with_the_Pierhead_Building_in_the_middle.jpg/220px-Cardiff_Bay_with_the_Pierhead_Building_in_the_middle.jpg)
Durante le seculo 20, plure institutiones distinctive gallese disveloppava. In recognition del predomination de denominationes christian «non-conformista» (methodista o altere), le ecclesia anglican perdeva in Galles su stato como le ecclesia establite in 1920 e deveniva un provincia anglican independente. Le plus grande urbe de Galles, Cardiff (Caerdydd in gallese) esseva designate como le capital national in 1955. In 1999, on creava le Assemblea National pro Galles. Dotate del poter de legiferar depois 2011, iste assemblea e le governamento que illo forma determina politicas gallese sur sanitate, education, cultura, agricultura, planification urban e altere matieras.
Linguas fonte
[modificar fonte]Lingua | Nomine |
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anglese (en) | Wales |
francese (fr) | Pays de Galles |
espaniol (es) | Gales |
portugese (pt) | País de Gales |
italiano (it) | Galles |
germano (de) | Wales |
russo (ru) | Уэльс |
latino (la) | Cambria |
Referentias
[modificar | modificar fonte]- ↑ The Countries of the UK statistics.gov.uk. Recuperate le 10 de octobre 2008. (anglese)
- ↑ Welsh Language Board - Number of speakers. Byig-wlb.org.uk. Archivo del original create le 2010-05-24. Recuperate le 2010-06-19. (anglese)
- ↑ Go Britannia! Guide to Wales - Welsh Language Guide. Britannia. Recuperate le 2010-06-19. (anglese)
- ↑ John Davies, A History of Wales, Penguin, 1994, "Welsh Origins", p. 54, ISBN 0-14-014581-8. (anglese)
- ↑ Welsh Assembly Government: Minister promotes Wales’ status as a Celtic nation. Welsh Assembly Government website. Welsh Assembly Government (2002-09-16). Recuperate le 2010-01-03. (anglese)
- ↑ Who were the Celts? ... Rhagor. Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales website. Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales (2007-05-04). Recuperate le 2009-10-14. (anglese)
- ↑ Gwynfor, Evans (1974). Land of my Fathers. Y Lolfa Cyf., Talybont, 240 & 241. ISBN 0 86243 265 0.
- ↑ Gwynfor, Evans (2000). The Fight for Welsh Freedom. Y Lolfa Cyf., Talybont, 87. ISBN 0 86243 515 32. (anglese)
- ↑ The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press 2008
- ↑ Why the Welsh voice is so musical, BBC News, 8 de junio 2006. Recuperate le 17 de maio 2008. (anglese)
- ↑ International Rugby Board - World Rankings: full world rankings Archived 2011-08-10 at the Wayback Machine. Recuperate le 12 de augusto 2010.
- ↑ The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales, Cardiff: University of Wales Press 2008. p.448. (anglese)
- ↑ Fast facts: Home: Visit Wales - the Welsh Assembly Government's tourism team. Industry.visitwales.co.uk (2005-06-30). Archivo del original create le 2006-10-08. Recuperate le 2010-06-19. (anglese)