Marsupiales
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 In senso horologic ab sinistre:Diprotodontia,Didelphimorphia,Peramelemorphia,MicrobiotheriaeDasyuromorphia
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| Marsupialia Illiger,1811 | ||||||||||
 Present-day distribution of marsupials (blue; excludes introduced presence)
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Marsupiales(Marsupialia) forma un del tres subdivisiones existente delmammiferos;le altere duo sonmonotremaseplacentarios.Le marsupiales se distingue de altere mammiferos principalmente in que le progenitura, un "larva marsupial" multo pauc disveloppate, se displacia post parto ad mammelas ubi illo es generalmente portate e protegite in unmarsupio(marsupial bursa) usque su maturitate.
Marsupiales actual includeopossumes,diablos de Tasmania,kangurus,koalas,wombates,wallabiesepandikokkusinter alteres; multe extincte species son cognoscite, comothylacino.
Circa 70% del 334speciesactual vive in leAustralian continente(includenteTasmania,Nove Guineae insulas proxime). Alteres species vive in America: principalmente inSud America,13 inCentral Americae un, leopossum de Virginia,inNord Americae nord deMexico.
Etymologia
[modificar|modificar fonte]Marsupialderiva del parola latinmarsupium,del ancian grecμάρσιπποςmársippos'bursa', utilisate inanatomiapro describer lor ventral bursa.
Classification
[modificar|modificar fonte]
Rango taxinomic
[modificar|modificar fonte]- infraclass
- cohorte
Supertaxones
[modificar|modificar fonte]Subtaxones
[modificar|modificar fonte]- OrderDidelphimorphia(93 species) – seelist of didelphimorphs
- FamilyDidelphidae:opossums
- OrderPaucituberculata(7 species)
- SuperorderAustralidelphia
- OrderMicrobiotheria:monitos del monte
- OrderYalkaparidontia† (incertae sedis)
- OrderDasyuromorphia(73 species)
- Family †Thylacinidae:thylacine
- FamilyDasyuridae:antechinuses,quolls,dunnarts,Tasmanian devile relatives
- FamilyMyrmecobiidae:numbat
- OrderNotoryctemorphia(2 species)
- FamilyNotoryctidae:marsupial talpas
- OrderPeramelemorphia(27 species)
- FamilyThylacomyidae:bilbies
- Family Chaeropodidae †
- FamilyPeramelidae:pandikokkuse relatives
- OrderDiprotodontia(136 species)
- SuborderVombatiformes
- FamilyVombatidae:wombates
- FamilyPhascolarctidae:koalas
- FamilyDiprotodontidae†:giant wombats
- FamilyPalorchestidae†:marsupial tapirs
- FamilyThylacoleonidae†:marsupial lions
- SuborderPhalangeriformes:
- FamilyAcrobatidae:feathertail gliderefeather-tailed possum
- FamilyBurramyidae:pygmeo possumes
- FamilyEktopodontidae†:sprite possumes
- FamilyPetauridae:striped possum,Leadbeater's possum,yellow-bellied glider,sugar glider,mahogany glider,squirrel glider
- FamilyPhalangeridae:brushtail possumsecuscuses
- FamilyPseudocheiridae:ringtailed possumse relatives
- FamilyTarsipedidae:honey possum
- SuborderMacropodiformes:
- FamilyMacropodidae:kangaroos,wallabiese relatives
- FamilyPotoroidae:potoroos,ratto kangurus,bettonges
- FamilyHypsiprymnodontidae:ratto kangurus
- FamilyBalbaridae†: basal quadrupede kangurus
- SuborderVombatiformes
Historia evolutive
[modificar|modificar fonte]Le ultime ancestre commun al insimile delmammiferosactual serea apparite 180Maretro. Illo poneva ovos.Therios,lepangruppodel marsupiales eplacentarioshaberea divergite 160 Ma retro[2].Depois, lecorona grupposdel marsupiales et delplacentarios(i.e. les clados Marsupiala e Placentalia, respectivemente) serea apparite verisimilemente durante leCretaceotardive, ante le extinction deldinosaurosnon-avee,ma lor expansion esseva multo importante postea, le placia essente libre.
Se pensa communmente que le modo de reproduction del marsupiales serea intermedie inter istos delmonotremase delplacentarios.Es false: le duo modos de reproduction son simplemente differente. De plus, un studio de 2023 considera que le Marsupiales son morphologicamente plus distante que le placentarios de lor ancestre commun.[2][3]
Referentias
[modificar fonte]- ↑2,02,1Les marsupiaux seraient les mammifères les plus évolués.Techno-Science.net (2023-05-30).
- ↑Heather E. White, Abigail S. Tucker, Vincent Fernandez, Roberto Portela Miguez, Lionel Hautier, Anthony Herrel, Daniel J. Urban, Karen E. Sears, Anjali Goswami (2023-04-28). "Pedomorphosis in the ancestry of marsupial mammals".Current Biology.doi:.
