Nella Larsen
Nella Larsen | |
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![]() Nella Larsen in 1928 | |
Lahir | Nellie Walker 13 April 1891 Chicago,Illinois |
Meninggal | 30 Maret 1964 Brooklyn,New York City | (umur 72)
Nama lain | Nellallitea Larsen, Nellye Larson, Nellie Larsen, Nella Larsen Imes |
Almamater | Fisk University,Lincoln Hospitalnursing school,NYPLLibrary School atColumbia University |
Pekerjaan | Novelist,librarian,nurse |
Tempat kerja | Tuskegee Institute,Lincoln Hospital, New York City Bureau of Public Health |
Karya terkenal | Quicksand(1928) andPassing(1929) |
Gerakan politik | Harlem Renaissance |
Suami/istri | Elmer Imes |
Orang tua | Peter Walker, anAfro-Caribbeanimmigrant from theDanish West Indiesand Marie Walker,néeHansen |
Penghargaan | Guggenheim Fellowship |
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Nellallitea "Nella" Larsenyang memiliki nama asliNellie Walker(13 April 1891 – 30 Maret 1964), adalahnovelisberkebangsaanAmerika SerikatdariHarlem Renaissance.Bekerja sebagai seorangperawatdanpustakawan,dia menerbitkannovelQuicksand(1928) danPassing(1929), serta beberapacerita pendek.Meskipun kurang produktif menerbitkan karya sastra, dia dikenal bahwa karyanyakontemporer.Sebuah kebangkitan atas ketertarikan minat di dunia penulisan telah mendorongnya sejak akhir abad ke-20, ketika isu rasial dan identitas seksual yang dipelajarinya. Dia telah berkarya melalui beberapa kajian akademik dan dia dipuji "tak hanya karena sebagai novelis dari Harlem Renaissance, tetapi juga sosok penting dalam modernismeAmerika Serikat."[1]
Latar belakang
[sunting|sunting sumber]Nella Larsen memiliki nama asliNellie Walkerlahir didistrikLeveeChicago,pada 13 April 1891, puteri dari Peter Walker, mungkin seorang imigran blasteran Afrika-Karibia dariHindia Barat Denmark.Ibunya adalah seorang penjahit dan pekerja domestik.[2]Ayahnya mungkin keturunan ras campuran Henry atau George Walker, pria kulit putih dariAlbania, New York,yang tinggal diHindia Barat Denmarksekitar tahun 1840.[3]Dalam masyarakatDenmark,garis keturunan lebih cair dan Walker tidak pernah teridentifikasi sebagai "Negro."[3][4]
Ibunya, Marie, menikah dengan Larsen, sesama imigran dari Denmark.[2]Nellie menggunakan nama aslinya dari nama ayah tirinya, kadang-kadang menggunakan versi dieja sebagai Nellye Larson, Nellie Larsen, dan akhirnya Nella Larsen.[5]Keluarga campuran ini pindah ke lingkungan yang mayoritas berkulit putih,imigranasalJermandanSkandinavia,tetapi justru menemui perlakuan diskriminasi. Ketika Nella berusia delapan tahun, mereka pindah beberpa blok ke timur.[6][7]
Larsen kembali keNew Yorkpada tahun 1933, ketika proses perceraiannya selesai. Dia hidup di bawah jaminanalimentasisampai bekas suaminya meninggal pada tahun 1942. Berjuang dalam tekanan, Larsen berhenti menulis. Setelah bekas suaminya meninggal, Larsen kembali menjadi perawat dan pegawai administrasi. Dia menghilang dari lingkaran kesusastraan Dia tinggal diLower East Sidedan tidak aktif lagi di Harlem.[8]
Banyak kenalannya berspekulasi bahwa dia, seperti karakter dalam fiksi, telah menyilang garis warna ke komunitas putih. PenulisbiografiGeorge Hutchinson telah mengulas pada karyanya terbitan 2006 bahwa dia masih berada di New York, bekerja sebagai perawat. Dia menolak dihubungi oleh kawan-kawan lamanya. Larsen meninggal di apartemenBrooklyntahun 1964, pada usia 72.[9][10]
Bibliografi
[sunting|sunting sumber]Sumber pustakamengenai Nella Larsen |
By Nella Larsen |
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Buku
[sunting|sunting sumber]Cerita pendek
[sunting|sunting sumber]- "Freedom" (1926)
- "The Wrong Man" (1926)
- "Playtime: Three Scandinavian Games,"The Brownies' Book,1 (June 1920): 191-192.
- "Playtime: Danish Fun,"The Brownies' Book,1 (July 1920): 219.
- "Correspondence,"Opportunity,4 (September 1926): 295.
- "Review of Black Spade,"Opportunity,7 (January 1929): 24.
- "Sanctuary,"Forum,83 (January 1930): 15-18.
- "The Author's Explanation",Forum,Supplement 4, 83 (April 1930): 41-42.[11]
Catatan
[sunting|sunting sumber]- ^Bone, Martyn (2011), "Nella Larsen" inThe Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century Fiction,Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 658-659.
- ^abPinckney, Darryl, "Shadows" ] (review ofIn Search of Nella Larsen: A Biography of the Color Line,by George Hutchinson),Nation283, no. 3 (July 17, 2006), pp. 26-28.
- ^abHutchinson, George (2006),In Search of Nella Larsen: A Biography of the Color Line,Harvard University Press, pp. 19-20.
- ^Hutchinson (2006), pp. 15-16.
- ^Sachi Nakachi,Mixed-Race Identity Politics in Nella Larsen and Winnifred Eaton (Onoto Watanna)Diarsipkan2007-09-30 diWayback Machine., (doctoral dissertation,Ohio University), p. 14. Accessed October 27, 2006.
- ^Hutchinson (2006), p. 35.
- ^Hutchinson (2006), p. 6.
- ^Pinckney, p. 30.
- ^McDonald, C. Ann (2000)."Nella Larsen (1891-1964)".Dalam Champion, Laurie.American Women Writers, 1900-1945: A Bio-Bibliographical Critical Sourcebook.Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. hlm. 182–191.ISBN0-313-30943-4.Diakses tanggalJuly 7,2010.
- ^Robert Aldrich; Garry Wotherspoon (2001).Who's who in Gay and Lesbian History: From Antiquity to World War II.Psychology Press. hlm. 255–.ISBN978-0-415-15982-1.
- ^"Nella Larsen",Selected Women Writers of the Harlem Renaissance: A Resource Guide,Northern Kentucky University, listing of short stories; accessed February 15, 2012.
Referensi
[sunting|sunting sumber]- Hutchinson, George (2006),In Search of Nella Larsen: A Biography of the Color Line,Harvard University Press.
- Pearce, H. (2003), "Mrs Adis & Sanctuary",The Gleam:Journal of the Sheila Kaye-Smith Society, No. 16.
- Pinckney, Darryl,"Shadows",The Nation,July 17/24, 2006, pp. 26–30. Review: Hutchinson'sIn Search of Nella Larsen: A Biography of the Color Line.
- Robert Aldrich and Garry Wotherspoon, ed. (2002).Who’s Who in Gay and Lesbian History from Antiquity to World War II.London: Routledge.ISBN0-415-15983-0.
Bacaan lanjut
[sunting|sunting sumber]- Martha J. Cutter, "Sliding Significations: Passing as a Narrative and Textual Strategy in Nella Larsen's Fiction," in Elaine Ginsberg (ed.),Passing and the Fictions of Identity,Duke University Press, 1996, pp. 75–100.
- Thadious M. Davis (1994),Nella Larsen, Novelist of the Harlem Renaissance: A Woman's Life Unveiled.ISBN 0-8071-2070-7.
- Sheila Kaye-Smith(1956),All the Books of My Life,London: Cassell, 1956.
- Charles R. Larson (1993),Invisible Darkness: Jean Toomer and Nella Larsen.
- Passer la ligne,A French translation ofPassing,ACFA Editions, Marseilles, 2009.ISBN 978-2-9524259-2-6.
- Nikki Hall, "Passing, Present, Future: The Intersectional Prescience of Nella Larsen's 1929 Classic," inB*tchmagazine, (Re)Vision issue, Winter 2015
Pranala luar
[sunting|sunting sumber]- Quicksand,Public domain audiobook, Librivox
- Quicksand,scanned original edition at Hathi Trust
- Passingat theInternet Archive(scanned book original edition)
- "Nella Larsen",links, secondary bibliography, Washington State University
- Kelahiran 1891
- Kematian 1964
- Meninggal usia 73
- African-American novelists
- African-American women writers
- African-American librarians
- African-American nurses
- American women novelists
- American women short story writers
- American librarians
- Fisk University alumni
- Guggenheim Fellows
- Harlem Renaissance
- Harmon prize winners
- Writers from Brooklyn
- Writers from Chicago
- 20th-century women writers
- 20th-century American short story writers
- Novelis Amerika Serikat abad ke-20
- Denmark-Amerika
- Novelis perempuan Amerika Serikat