Pe̍h-ōe-jī

Pe̍h-ōe-jī
Hanzi tradisional:	Bạch thoại tự
Hanzi sederhana:	Bạch thoại tự
HokkienPOJ:	Pe̍h-oē-jī
Makna harfiah:	tulisan bahasa sehari-hari
Alih aksara
	Mandarin
-Hanyu Pinyin:	Báihuà zì
	Gan
- Romanisasi:	Pha̍k-oa-chhi
	Min Nan
-Romanisasi POJ:	Pe̍h-oē-jī
-FuzhouRF:	Bàng-uâ-cê

Pe̍h-oē-jī(disingkatPOJ,arti harfiahtulisan bahasa sehari-hari,juga dikenal sebagaiRomanisasi Gereja) adalah suatu cara menulis (ortografi) varian-varian dari dialekbahasa Hokkien,khususnyaBahasa Hokkien TaiwandanBahasa Hokkien Amoy.^[1]Dikembangkan olehmisionaris Presbiterianyang bekerja di antara pendatang Tionghoa diAsia Tenggarapada abad ke-19^[2]dan disempurnakan oleh para misionaris yang bekerja diXiamendanTainan.Sistem ini menggunakan modifikasialfabet Latindan beberapadiakritikuntuk mewakili bahasa ucapan. Setelah awalnya sukses dipakai diFu gian,POJ menjadi berkembang diTaiwan,dan pada pertengahan abad ke-20 lebih dari 100.000 orang fasih dalam POJ. Cetakan dalam jumlah besar, baik keagamaan maupun sekuler, diproduksi dalam tulisan ini, termasuk surat kabar pertama di Taiwan,Taiwan Church News.Nama yang dipakai oleh para misionaris pembuatnya adalah "RomanisedAmoyVernacular "and" Romanised Amoy Colloquial ".^[1]Asal usul sistem dan pemakaiannya yang luas dalam masyarakatKristendikenal penulis modern sebagai "Church Romanization" (Hanzi sederhana:Giáo hội La Mã tự;Hanzi tradisional:Giáo hội La Mã tự;Pinyin:Jiàohuì Luōmǎzì;Pe̍h-oē-jī: Kàu-hōe Lô-má-jī); sering disingkat dalam sistem POJ sendiri sebagai "Kàu-lô" (Hanzi sederhana:Giáo la;Hanzi tradisional:Giáo la;Pinyin:Jiàoluō).^[3]

Ortografi ini ditekan pemakaiannya selama penjajahan Jepang di Taiwan (1895–1945), dan sempat menghadapi larangan selama periodeKuomintangdari 1947–1987. Di Fu gian, penggunaannya berkurang dengan berdirinyaRepublik Rakyat Tiongkok(1949) dan pada awal abad ke-21 sudah tidak banyak digunakan di sana. PenggunaanPe̍h-oē-jīsaat ini terbatas pada sejumlah orangKristendi Taiwan, pelajar bahasa yang bukan pemakai asli, dan pemakai bahasa yang senang memakainya di Taiwan. Bantuan komputer penuh dikembangkan pada tahun 2004. Pemakai dapat menggunakan bentuk huruf (font), metode ketik (input method) dan kamus online yang ekstensif. Sistem penulisan lain juga dikembangkan dalam periode ini, sehingga muncul debat di dalam pengguna bahasa ibu di Taiwan, sistem mana yang harus dipakai. Versi lainpe̍h-ōe-jīdikembangkan juga untuk dialek lain, termasukBahasa HakkadanBahasa Teochew.

KataTionghoadanTiongkokmerupakan contoh kata dalam bahasa Indonesia yang berasal dari Romanisasi ini.

Lihat pula

Referensi

^^a ^bKlöter,Written Taiwanese,p. 90.
^Klöter,The History of Peh-oe-ji,p. 1.
^Klöter,Written Taiwanese,p. 89.

Daftar Pustaka

Ang Ui-jin (1992).Taiwan Fangyan zhi Lü (A Journey Through Taiwanese Regional Speech)(dalam bahasa Chinese). Taipei: Avanguard Publishing.ISBN 957-9512-31-0.
Band, Edward (1936).Barclay of Formosa.Ginza, Tokyo: Christian Literature Society.OCLC 4386066.
Baran, Dominika (2004). ""Taiwanese don't have written words ": Language ideologies and language practice in a Taipei County high school".Conference Proceedings – 2004 International Conference on Taiwanese Romanization.2.OCLC 77082548.
Campbell, William(2006) [1913].A Dictionary of the Amoy Vernacular.Tainan: PCT Press.ISBN 957-8959-92-3.
Chang Yu-hong (2001).Principles of POJ or the Taiwanese Orthography: An Introduction to Its Sound-Symbol Correspondences and Related Issues.Taipei: Crane.ISBN 978-957-2053-07-1Periksa nilai: checksum|isbn=(bantuan).
Chiung, Wi-vun Taiffalo (2005).Language, Identity and Decolonization.Tainan: National Cheng Kung University.ISBN 957-8845-85-5.
Chiung, Wi-vun Taiffalo (2007).Language, Literature and Reimagined Taiwanese Nation.Tainan: National Cheng Kung University.ISBN 978-986-00-9746-7.
Chung Raung-fu (1996).The Segmental Phonology of Southern Min in Taiwan.Taipei: Spoken Language Services.ISBN 957-9463-46-8.
Copper, John F. (2007).A Historical Dictionary of Taiwan (Republic of China)(edisi ke-2nd). Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.ISBN 978-0-8108-5600-4.
Doty, Elihu(1853).Anglo Chinese Manual of the Amoy Dialect.Guangzhou: Samuel Wells Williams.OCLC 20605114.
Douglas, Carstairs;Barclay, Thomas(1990) [1923].Chinese–English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy.Taipei: Southern Materials Center.ISBN 957-9482-32-2.
Embree, Bernard L.M. (1973).A Dictionary of Southern Min.OCLC 2491446.
Heylen, Ann (2001). "Romanizing Taiwanese: Codification and Standardization of Dictionaries in Southern Min (1837–1923)". Dalam Ku Weit Ying; De Ridder, Koen.Authentic Chinese Christianity, Preludes to Its Development: Nineteenth & Twentieth Centuries.Leuven: Leuven University Press.ISBN 978-9058671028.
Iûⁿ Ún-giân; Tiuⁿ Ha̍k-khiam (1999)."Đài Loan phúc lão lời nói phi chữ Hán ghép vần ký hiệu nhìn lại cùng phân tích (Comparison and Analysis of non-Character Transcription Systems for Taiwanese Holo)"(dalam bahasa Chinese). Tainan:National Cheng Kung University.Diarsipkan dariversi aslitanggal 2001-04-26.Diakses tanggal2009-12-17.
Iûⁿ Ún-giân (2009).Processing Techniques for Written Taiwanese – Tone Sandhi and POS Tagging (Doctoral dissertation).National Taiwan University.OCLC 367595113.
Kì Bō͘-hô (2008).Đài ngữ giáo hội La Mã tự giáo trình (Notes on Taiwanese Church Romanization).Tainan: PCT Press.ISBN 978-986-6947-34-6.
Klöter, Henning (2002). "The History of Peh-oe-ji".2002 Đài Loan La Mã tự dạy học KAP nghiên cứu quốc tế học thuật hội thảo luận văn tập(Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Taiwanese Romanization Research).Taipei: Taiwanese Romanization Association.
Klöter, Henning (2005).Written Taiwanese.Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.ISBN 3-447-05093-4.
Lin, Alvin (1999)."Writing Taiwanese: The Development of Modern Written Taiwanese"(PDF).Sino-Platonic Papers(89).OCLC 41879041.
Macgowan, John (1869).A Manual of the Amoy Colloquial.Hong Kong: de Souza & Co.OCLC 23927767.
Maryknoll Fathers (1984).Taiwanese: Book 1.Taichung: Maryknoll.OCLC 44137703.
Medhurst, Walter Henry(1832).Dictionary of the Hok-këèn Dialect of the Chinese Language, According to the Reading and Colloquial Idioms.Macau: East India Press.OCLC 5314739.
Norman, Jerry (1998).Chinese.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.ISBN 0-521-29653-6.
Ong Iok-tek(2002).Taiwanyu Yanjiu Juan(dalam bahasa Chinese). Taipei: Avanguard Publishing.ISBN 957-801-354-X.
Ota, Katsuhiro J (2005).An investigation of written Taiwanese (Master's thesis)(PDF).University of Hawai'i at Manoa.OCLC 435500061.
Ramsey, S. Robert (1987).The Chinese Language.Princeton: Princeton University Press.ISBN 978-0-691-01468-5.
Sandel, Todd L. (2003). "Linguistic capital in Taiwan: The KMT's Mandarin language policy and its perceived impact on language practices of bilingual Mandarin and Tai-gi speakers".Language in Society.Cambridge University Press.32(4).ISSN 0047-4045.
Sidaia, Babuja A. (1998).A-Chhûn(dalam bahasa Hàn-lô Taiwanese). Taipei: Taili.ISBN 957-98861-6-4.
Tipson, Ernest (1934).A Pocket Dictionary of the Amoy Vernacular: English-Chinese.Singapore: Lithographers.OCLC 504142973.
Tiuⁿ Ha̍k-khiam (2004). "Bạch thoại tự kap đài ngữ văn hiện đại hoá (Peh-oe-ji and the Modernization of Written Taiwanese)".Conference Proceedings – 2004 International Conference on Taiwanese Romanization(dalam bahasa Han-lo Taiwanese).1.OCLC 77082548.
Tseng Rui-cheng (2009).Taiwan Minnanyu Luomazi Pinyin Fang'an Shiyong Shouce (Practical Manual for the Taiwan Southern Min Romanization System)(PDF)(dalam bahasa Chinese). ROC Ministry of Education.ISBN 978-986-01-6637-8.
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Wu Guo-sheng; Chen Yi-hsin (2004). "Người Hẹ ngữ La Mã tự văn hiến phiên bản nghiên cứu (Books Written in Hakka Romanization)".Conference Proceedings – 2004 International Conference on Taiwanese Romanization(dalam bahasa Chinese).2.OCLC 77082548.

Pranala luar

General

"Tai-gu Bang".–Google groupfor Taiwanese language enthusiasts – uses POJ and Chinese characters.
"Pe̍h-ōe-jī Unicode Correspondence Table"(PDF).Tailingua. 2009.– information on Unicode encodings for POJ text
"Taiwanese Romanization Association".– group dedicated to the promotion of Taiwanese and Hakka romanization

Input methods

"Open Vanilla".–open sourceinput method for bothWindowsandMac OS X.
"Taigi-Hakka IME".– Windows-based input method for both Hokkien and Hakka variants.
"Tai-lo Input Method"(dalam bahasa Chinese).–cross-platforminput method released by Taiwan's Ministry of Education.
"Transliterator".– extension for theFirefoxbrowser which allows POJ input in-browser.

POJ-compliant fonts

"Charis SIL".SIL International.–seriffont in regular,bold,italic,and bold italic.
"DejaVu".Diarsipkan dariversi aslitanggal 2009-12-13.Diakses tanggal2012-02-15.– available in serif,sans-serif,andmonospace.
"Doulos SIL".SIL International.–Times New Roman-style serif.
"Gentium".SIL International.– open source serif.
"Linux Libertine".–GPLandOPL-licensed serif.
"Taigi Unicode".– serif font specifically designed for POJ.

Texts and dictionaries

"Taiwanese bibliography".Diarsipkan dariversi aslitanggal 2012-02-22.Diakses tanggal2012-02-15.– list of books in Taiwanese, including those written in POJ.
"Memory of Written Taiwanese".Diarsipkan dariversi aslitanggal 2009-11-29.Diakses tanggal2012-02-15.– collection of Taiwanese texts in various orthographies, including many in POJ.
"Tai-Hoa Dictionary".Diarsipkan dariversi aslitanggal 2011-05-29.Diakses tanggal2012-02-15.– dictionary which includes POJ, Taiwanese in Chinese characters, and Mandarin characters. Some English definitions also available.
Exhibits: Taiwanese Romanization Peh-oe-ji– sample images of various older POJ texts.

[Kloeter90-1] Klöter,Written Taiwanese,p. 90.

[KloeterH1-2] Klöter,The History of Peh-oe-ji,p. 1.

[Kloeter89-3] Klöter,Written Taiwanese,p. 89.

[1]

[2]

[3]