Pelimpahan jasa
Tampilan
Bagian dariseritentang |
Buddhisme |
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Pelimpahan jasa,pattidāna(bahasa Pali),pattānumodanā(Pali),[2][note 1]ataupariṇāma(Sanskerta)[note 2]—juga dikenal sebagaipersembahan kebajikan—adalah suatu tindakan standar dari latihan spiritual Buddhis ketikajasa atau kebajikandari seseorang dilimpahkan kepada kerabat yang telah meninggal, dewa, atau semua makhluk hidup. Dalam BuddhismeTheravāda,pelimpahan jasa juga merupakan satu dari sepuluh basispuñña(kebajikan).
Pelimpahan jasa ini dilakukan dengan cara melakukan perbuatan yang selaras darma, dan menyatakan atau meniatkan bahwa perbuatan tersebut dilakukan demi makhluk (atau mendiang) yang ditujukan.
Catatan
[sunting|sunting sumber]- ^Dalamteks berbahasa Pāli awal,pattimengacu pada pelimpahan jasa ke makhluk hidup lain, sedangkanpattānumodanāmengacu pada pemindahan ke makhluk mati.[3]
- ^Secara alternatif dieja sebagaipariṇāmaatauparaṇāmanā[4]
Referensi
[sunting|sunting sumber]- ^Calkowski, Marcia (2006b). "Thailand". In Riggs, Thomas (ed.).Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices.Vol. 3. Farmington Hills: Thomson Gale. p. 447. ISBN0-7876-6614-9.
- ^Hara, Minoru(2002) [1994]."Transfer of Merit in Hindu Literature and Religion".Dalam Takashima, Jun.Minoru Hara Pasupata Studies.Motilal Banarsidass.hlm. 137.ISBN3-900271-35-6.
- ^Gombrich 1971,hlm. 215–9.
- ^Hardacre 2014,hlm. 128.
Daftar pustaka
[sunting|sunting sumber]- Bechert, Heinz (1992), "Buddha-field and transfer of merit in a Theravāda source",Indo-Iranian Journal(Vol. 35, Issues 2–3, July 1992, pp. 95–108)
- Brekke, T. (1998), "Contradiction and the merit of giving in Indian religions",Numen,45(3): 287–320,doi:10.1163/1568527981562131,JSTOR3270424
- Egge, James (2013),Religious Giving and the Invention of Karma in Theravada Buddhism,Hoboken:Taylor and Francis,ISBN978-1-136-85915-1
- Falk, Monica Lindberg (April 2010), "Recovery and Buddhist Practices in the Aftermath of the Tsunami in Southern Thailand",Journal,40(2): 96–103,doi:10.1016/j.religion.2009.12.002
- Gombrich, Richard(1 January 1971), "'Merit Transference' in Sinhalese Buddhism: A Case Study of the Interaction between Doctrine and Practice ",History of Religions,11(2): 203–219,doi:10.1086/462651,JSTOR1061922
- Gombrich, Richard F.(2006),Theravāda Buddhism: A Social History From Ancient Benares to Modern Colombo(PDF)(edisi ke-2), New York:Routledge,ISBN978-0-203-08864-7,diarsipkan dariversi asli(PDF)tanggal 3 May 2016
- Gombrich, Richard(2009),What the Buddha thought(edisi ke-1), London [u.a.]: Equinox Publishing,ISBN978-1-84553-612-1
- Gómez, Luis O. (2000), "Buddhism as a Religion of Hope: Observations on the 'Logic' of a Doctrine and its Foundational Myth",The Eastern Buddhist,32(1): 1–21,JSTOR44362241
- Gómez, Luis O. (2002),Land of bliss: The paradise of the Buddha of measureless light (Sanskrit and Chinese versions of the Sukhāvatīvyūha sutras)(edisi ke-1 [Indian]), Delhi:Motilal Banarsidass,ISBN9788120818132
- Gutschow, Kim (2004),Being a Buddhist nun: the struggle for enlightenment in the Himalayas(edisi ke-online), Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard university press,ISBN0-674-01287-9
- Hardacre, Helen (2014),Lay Buddhism in Contemporary Japan: Reiyukai Kyodan,Princeton University Press,ISBN978-1-4008-5537-7
- Harvey, Peter (2000),An Introduction to Buddhist Ethics: Foundations, Values and Issues,New York:Cambridge University Press,ISBN978-0-511-07584-1
- Harvey, Peter (2012),An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices(edisi ke-2),Cambridge University Press,ISBN978-1-139-85126-8
- Holt, John C. (1 January 1981), "Assisting the Dead by Venerating the Living: Merit Transfer in the Early Buddhist Tradition",Numen,28(1): 1–28,doi:10.2307/3269794,JSTOR3269794
- Keyes, Charles F.(1 January 1977), "Millennialism, Theravada Buddhism, and Thai Society",The Journal of Asian Studies,36(2): 283–302,doi:10.2307/2053724,JSTOR2053724
- Keyes, Charles F.(1983),"Merit-Transference in the Kammic Theory of Popular Theravāda Buddhism",dalamKeyes, Charles F.;Daniel, E. Valentine,Karma: An Anthropological Inquiry(edisi ke-2), Berkeley u.a.:University of California Press,hlm. 261–86,ISBN978-0-520-04429-6
- Keyes, Charles F.(1987), "From Death to Birth: Ritual Process and Buddhist Meanings in Northern Thailand",Folk(29): 181–206
- Lamotte, Etienne (1988),History of Indian Buddhism: from the origins to the Saka era(PDF),diterjemahkan oleh Webb-Boin, Sara; Dantinne, Jean (edisi ke-English), Louvain-la-Neuve: Université catholique de Louvain, Institut orientaliste,ISBN90-6831-100-X,diarsipkan dariversi asli(PDF)tanggal 2015-02-15,diakses tanggal2020-06-10
- Pye, Michael; Strong, John S. (1987), "Merit", dalam Lindsay, Jones,Encyclopedia of religion,9(edisi ke-2), Detroit: Thomson Gale,ISBN0-02-865742-X
- Malalasekera, G. P.(1967),"'Transference of Merit' in Ceylonese Buddhism ",Philosophy East and West,17:85,doi:10.2307/1397047,JSTOR1397047,diarsipkan dariversi aslitanggal 28 March 2015
- Marasinghe, MMJ (2003), "Puñña", dalamMalalasekera, GP;Weeraratne, WG,Encyclopaedia of Buddhism,7,Sri Lanka:Government of Ceylon
- McDermott, James P. (1 January 1975), "The Kathāvatthu Kamma Debates",Journal of the American Oriental Society,95(3): 424–433,doi:10.2307/599354,JSTOR599354
- Nyanatiloka(1980),"Patti-dāna",Buddhist dictionary: manual of Buddhist terms and doctrines(edisi ke-4th rev.), Kandy, Sri Lanka:Buddhist Publication Society,hlm. 265,ISBN9552400198,diakses tanggal19 September2016
- Padma; Barber (2009),Buddhism in the Krishna River Valley of Andhra,State University of New York Press
- Schopen, Gregory(1997),Bones, Stones, and Buddhist Monks: Collected Papers on the Archaeology, Epigraphy, and Texts of Monastic Buddhism in India(PDF),Univ. of Hawai'i Press,ISBN0-8248-1748-6,diarsipkan(PDF)dari versi asli tanggal 2018-06-05,diakses tanggal2020-06-10
- Skilling, Peter (2005), "Worship and devotional life: Buddhist devotional life in East Asia", dalam Jones, Lindsay,Encyclopedia of Religion,14(edisi ke-2), Detroit: Thomson Gale,ISBN0-02-865983-X
- Tanabe, George J., jr. (2004), "Merit and merit-making", dalam Buswell, Robert E.,Encyclopedia of Buddhism,2,New York (u.a.): Macmillan Reference USA, Thomson Gale,ISBN0-02-865720-9
- Thomas, Edward J.(1953),The History Of Buddhist Thought,Routledge and Kegan Paul Limited
- Wayman, Alex (1997),Untying the Knots in Buddhism: Selected Essays,Motilal Banarsidass,ISBN9788120813212
- Williams, Paul (2008),Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations(PDF)(edisi ke-2),Taylor & Francise-Library.,ISBN978-0-203-42847-4,diarsipkan dariversi asli(PDF)tanggal 5 June 2018
Pranala luar
[sunting|sunting sumber]- About the practice of transfer of meritbySharon Salzberg,Beliefnet,archivedfrom the original on 5 June 2018