Aswan Dam
Aswan Dam, ma ọ bụ karịa kpọmkwem kemgbe afọ 1980, Aswan High Dam, bụ otu n'imennukwu mmirimmiri n'ụwa, nke e wuru n’ofe osimiri Naịl na Aswan,Ijipt,n'etiti afọ 1960 na 1970..Ihe ọ pụtara kpuchiri oke mmiri Aswan Low Dam gara aga gara aga nke e wuchara na 1902 n'okpuru mmiri. Dabere na ihe ịga nke ọma nke Low Dam, mgbe ahụ na ojiji ya kachasị elu, Ewu nke High Dam ghọrọ isi ebumnuche gọọmentị na-esochi mgbanwe mgbanwe Egypt 1952; site na ikike ya ịchịkwa idei mmiri nke ọma, inye nchekwa mmiri dị ukwuu maka ịgba mmiri na ịmepụta hydroelectricity, A hụrụ na mmiri mmiri a dị ka ihe dị mkpa maka nrụpụta ụlọ ọrụ Egypt zubere. Dị ka mmejuputa mbụ, Mmiri mmiri dị elu enweela mmetụta dị ukwuu na akụ na ụba na omenala Ijipt
Tupu e wuo High Dam, ọbụlagodi na mmiri ochie dị n'ebe ahụ,..Iju mmiri ndị a wetara mmiri dị elu nwere nri ndị sitere n'okike na mineral ndị na-eme ka ala na-eme nri na-eme nri n'akụkụ ala idei mmiri na delta na-emeju kwa afọ.; amụma a emeela ka ndagwurugwu Naịl dị mma maka ọrụ ugbo kemgbeoge ochie.Otú ọ dị, idei mmiri a sitere n'okike dịgasị iche iche, ebe ọ bụ na afọ mmiri dị elu nwere ike ibibi ihe ọkụkụ dum, ebe afọ obere mmiri nwere ike ịmepụta ụkọ mmiri ozuzo zuru oke na ya mere ụnwụ nri. Ihe omume abụọ a nọgidere na-eme site n'oge ruo n'oge. Ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Ijipt na-abawanye na teknụzụ na-abawanye., ma ọchịchọ na ikike mepụtara iji chịkwaa idei mmiri ahụ kpamkpam, ma si otú ahụ ma na-echebe ma na-akwado ala ugbo na ọ bụ aku na uba mkpa ihe ubi. Site na mmụba nke nchekwa nchekwa nke High Aswan Dam nyere, enwere ike ịchịkwa idei mmiri ahụ ma nwee ike ichekwa mmiri ahụ maka ntọhapụ mgbe e mesịrị karịa ọtụtụ afọ.
Mgbalị mbụ e dekọrọ iji wuo ihe mgbochi mmiri dị nso na Aswan bụ na narị afọ nke iri na otu, Mgbe Arab polymath na injinia Na al-Haytham(nke a maara dị kaAlhazenna West) ka onye Fatimid Caliph,Ak-Hakim bi -Amr Allah to regulate the flooding of the Nile, ọrụ chọrọ mgbalị mbụ na Aswan Dam. Ọrụ ubi ya mere ka o kwenye na atụmatụ a agaghị arụ ọrụ.
N'afọ 1952, onye injinia Gris na Ijipt bụ Adrian Daninos malitere ịmepụta atụmatụ nke Aswan Dam ọhụrụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka e merie Low Dam na 1946, gọọmentị nke Eze Farouk egosighi mmasị na atụmatụ Daninos. Kama nke ahụ, a kwadoro atụmatụ ndagwurugwu Naịl nke onye Britain na-ahụ maka mmiri Harold Edwin Hurst, nke tụrụ aro ịchekwa mmiri na Sudan na Etiopia, ebe evaporation dị ala. Ọnọdụ ndị Ijipt gbanwere kpamkpam mgbe a kwaturu ọchịchị ndị eze, nke Free Officers Movement gụnyereGamal Abdel Nasserduziri. Ndị Free Officers kwenyesiri ike na a ga-echekwa Mmiri Naịl n'Ijipt maka ebumnuche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, n'ime ọnwa abụọ, a nabatara atụmatụ Daninos.[1]Na mbido, maUnited Statesna USSR nwere mmasị n'inyere aka na mmepe nke mmiri ahụ. Nsogbu sochiri n'ihi asọmpi ha n'oge Agha Nzuzo, yana esemokwu na-arịwanye elu n'etiti ndị Arab.
N'afọ 1955, Nasser na-azọrọ na ọ bụ onye ndú nke mba Arab, na-emegide ọchịchị ọdịnala, ọkachasị alaeze Hashemite nke Iraq mgbe ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta Baghdad nke 1955. N'oge ahụ, US tụrụ egwu na ọchịchị Kọmunist ga-agbasa na Middle East, ọ hụkwara Nasser dị ka onye ndú sitere n'okike nke ndị Arab League na-emegide ọchịchị Kọmunast. America na United Kingdom nyere aka n'inye ego maka iwu nnukwu mmiri ahụ, site na mgbazinye ego nke $ 270 nde, iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka idu ndú Nasser na idozi esemokwu Arab-Israel. Mgbe ọ na-emegide ọchịchị Kọmunist, ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, na ọchịchị onye kwuo ihe, Nasser gosipụtara dị ka onye na-anọpụ iche, ma chọọ iso ma US na USSR rụọ ọrụ maka uru Ijipt na Arab. Mgbe UN katọrọ mwakpo Israel wakporo ndị agha Ijipt na Gaza na 1955, Nasser ghọtara na ọ pụghị igosipụta onwe ya dị ka onye ndú nke pan-Arab nationalism ma ọ bụrụ na ọ pụtaghị ichebe mba ya megide Israel. Na mgbakwunye na atụmatụ mmepe ya, ọ lere anya ime ka ndị agha ya dị ọhụrụ ngwa ngwa, ọ gakwara na US maka enyemaka.
N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1956, site n'otú ndị Ijipt ji ya too, Nasser kwupụtara mba nke Suez Canal nke gụnyere ịkwụ ụgwọ ziri ezi maka ndị nwe ya. Nasser mere atụmatụ maka ego ọwa mmiri ahụ nwetara iji nyere aka kwado iwu nnukwu mmiri ahụ. Mgbe Agha Suez malitere, United Kingdom, France, na Israel weghaara ọwa mmiri na Sinai. Mana nrụgide sitere na US na USSR na United Nations na ebe ndị ọzọ manyere ha ịpụ.
N'akụkụ Ijipt, ndị Arab Contractors nke Osman Ahmed Osman duziri ọrụ ahụ. Osman na-eto eto na-eme ka naanị onye na-asọmpi ya dị ala site na ọkara.[2]
Dam ahụ na-enye ike iri na abụọ nke ọ bụla na 175 megawatts (235,000 hp), na ngụkọta nke 2.1 gigawatts (2,800,000 ). Mmepụta ike malitere na 1967. Mgbe High Dam mbụ ruru n'elu mmepụta ọ mepụtara ihe dị ka ọkara nke mmepụta ọkụ eletrik nke Ijipt (ihe dị ka pasent 15 site na 1998), ọ nyekwara ọtụtụ obodo nta Ijipt iji ọkụ eletrik mee ihe na nke mbụ. High Dam emeela ka arụmọrụ na ndọtị nke Old Aswan Hydropower site n'ịchịkwa mmiri na-aga n'elu mmiri.
- ↑Collins (2000). "In Search of the Nile Waters, 1900–2000",The Nile: Histories, Cultures, Myths. Edited by Haggai Erlich and Israel Gershoni.Lynne Rienner, 255–256.
- ↑Osman the Efficient.Archived fromthe originalon 2010-10-30. Retrieved on 2008-01-20.