Elaeis guineensis
| obere ụdị nke | useful plant |
|---|---|
| nwere ojiji | medicinal plant |
| aha mkpirisi | E. guineensis |
| aha taxon | Elaeis guineensis |
| ọkwa taxon | species |
| nne na nna taxon | akwụ |
| taxon a bụ isi mmalite nke | Mmanụ nri,Palm Kernel Oil |
| ọnọdụ nchekwa IUCN | Ụdị ndị na-adịchaghị echegbu onwe ha |
| WikiProject na-elekọta ya | WikiProject Invasion Biology |
| taxon range | Fujian,Guangdong |
| taxon author citation | Jacq. |
| GRIN URL | https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=14936 |
Elaeis guineensisbụ ụdị nkwụ a na-akpọkarị nkwụ mmanụ ma mgbe ụfọdụ,nkwụ mmanụAfrịkama ọ bụabụba macaw.Ọ bụ isi mmalite nkemmanụ nkwụ.A mụrụ ya n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka, ọkachasị mpaghara dị n'etitiAngolanaGambia;aha ụdị,guineensis,na-ezo aka na aha maka mpaghara ahụ, Guinea, ọ bụghịmba nke oge ana-ebu aha ahụ ugbu a. A na-emekwa ụdị ahụ ugbu a naMadagascar,Sri Lanka,Malaysia,Indonesia, Central America, Cambodia, West Indies, na ọtụtụ agwaetiti dị na Indian na Pacific Ocean. A na-ejikwa nkwụ mmanụ America a na-akpọ Elaeis oleifera na nkwụ yiri ya,Attaleamaripa, emepụta mmanụ nkwụ.
Mmanụ nkwụ nwere ike imepụta mmanụ karịa mpaghara ala ọ bụla, karịa ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-emepụta mmanụ (ihe dị ka okpukpu itoolu karịa soy na okpukpu 4.5 karịa rapeseed).[1]
Nkọwa
[dezie|dezie ebe o si]E. guineensisbụ monocotyledonous.[2]Ogwe nkwụ ndị tozuru etozu nwere otu ogwe ma na-eto ruo mita 20 (66 ) n'ogologo. Akwụkwọ ya dị n'ogologo ma ruo mita 35. Osisi nkwụ na-eto eto na-amị ihe dị ka akwụkwọ iri ato (30) n'afọ. Nkwụ ndị e guzobere n'ime afọ 10 na-emepụta ihe dị ka akwụkwọ 20 n'afọ. A na-emepụta okooko osisi n'ìgwè;okooko osisiọ bụla dị obere, nwere sepals atọ na petals atọ.
Ịkụ ihe
[dezie|dezie ebe o si]
Maka hekta ọ bụla nke nkwụ mmanụ, nke a na-ewepụta n'afọ niile, mmepụta kwa afọ na-eme ka tọn 20 nke mkpụrụ osisi na-amị 4,000 kilogram nke mmanụ nkwụ na750 kgnke mkpụrụ mkpụrụ osisi na na-amịa500 kgnke mmanụ osisi nkwụ dị elu, yana600 kgnke nri kernel. A na-edozi nri ọka maka iji ya dị ka nri anụ ụlọ.[3]
Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa
[dezie|dezie ebe o si]Genome
[dezie|dezie ebe o si]Ogologo: 1,800 megabase. Usoro izizi dị na 2013.[2]
Chromosomes
[dezie|dezie ebe o si]Diploid, nke nwere ọnụọgụ diploid nke2n= 32.[2]
Ụdị dị iche iche
[dezie|dezie ebe o si]Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi n'Eshia dị oke ala. Osisi ndị na-agụnye ọrụ ugbo na Eshia sitere na naanị osisi anọ, nke onwe ha nwere ike ịbụ nsonaazụ nke otu nne na nna.[4]
Ịzụlite Ịdị n'Otu
[dezie|dezie ebe o si]N'adịghị ka ndị ikwu ndị ọzọ, nkwụ mmanụ anaghị emepụta alaka; mgbasa bụ site na ịgha mkpụrụ.
A họrọla ọtụtụ ụdị na ụdịElaeis guineensisnke nwere njirimara dị iche iche. Ndị a gụnyere:[5]
- E. guineensis fo. dura
- E. guineensis var.pisifera
- E,guineensis fo.tenera
Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke ọrụ ugbo
[dezie|dezie ebe o si]N'afọ 2013, a chọpụtara mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-achịkwa ọkpụrụkpụ mkpokoro, na-eme ka o kwe omume ịchọpụta ọnọdụ tenera (DxP) mgbe nkwụ ka nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.[6]
Mmepụta mmanụ nkwụ
[dezie|dezie ebe o si]
A na-ewepụta mmanụ site na mkpụrụ osisi (mmanụ nkwụ,mmanụ a na-eri eri) na kernel (mmanụ mkpụrụ nkwụ, nke a na-eji na nri na maka imepụta ncha). Maka 100 kilogram ọ bụla nke mkpụrụ osisi, enwere ike iwepụta 22 kilogram nke mmanụ nkwụ na kwa 1.6 kilogram nke mmanụ mkpụrụ nkwụ.
Nnukwu mmanụ nke nkwụ mmanụ (dị elu dị ka lita 7,250 kwa hekta kwa afọ) emeela ka ọ bụrụ ihe a na-ejikarị esi nri na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia na mpaghara okpomọkụ nke Africa. Ojiji ọ na-abawanye na ụlọ ọrụ nri azụmahịa n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ụwa na-akwalite site na ọnụahịa ya dị ọnụ ala,[7]nkwụsi ike oxidative dị elu nke ngwaahịa a nụchara anụcha, na ọkwa dị elu nke antioxidants.[8][9][10]
Nnyocha nkwụ mmanụ
[dezie|dezie ebe o si]
Akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị ndị dị mkpa na-ebipụta na nkwụ mmanụ na isiokwu ndị metụtara ya gụnyere:[11]
- Journal of Oil Palm Research (JOPR)
- Journal of Applied Polymer Science
- Akwụkwọ Ozi Nchekwa
- Nkà na ụzụ Bioresource
- Omume na Ecology na Evolution
Mmetụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na gburugburu ebe obibi
[dezie|dezie ebe o si]Mmetụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na gburugburu ebe obibi nke ịkụ nkwụ mmanụ bụ isiokwu na-ese okwu nke ukwuu.[12][13]Mmanụ nkwụ bụ ihe ọkụkụ bara uru ma na-enye isi ọrụ. Ọ na-enye ọtụtụ obere ndị nwe ala ohere isonye na akụ na ụba ego ma na-akpatakarị mmelite nke akụrụngwa (ụlọ akwụkwọ, okporo ụzọ, nkwukọrịta, na ihe ndi ozo) n'ime mpaghara ahụ. [citation needed] Dị ka IBGE mmanụ nkwụ bụ ọkụkụ a na-ahụkarị na omume agroforestry na Amazon.[14][15]Otú ọ dị, e nwere ikpe ebe ubi nkwụ mmanụ weghaara ala ọdịnala n'enweghị ụdị ndụmọdụ ma ọ bụ ụgwọ ọ bụla, na-eduga na esemokwu ọha na eze n'etiti ubi na ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ.[16][17]N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ubi nkwụ mmanụ na-adabere na ọrụ si mba ọzọ ma ọ bụ ndị mbịarambịa iwu na-akwadoghị, na nchegbu ụfọdụ banyere ọnọdụ ọrụ na mmetụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke omume ndị a.[18]
Hụkwa
[dezie|dezie ebe o si]- Ike na gburugburu ebe obibi
- Journal of Oil Palm Research
- Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Plantation Crops
- Ụlọ Ọrụ Mmanụ Mmanụ Mkpụrụ Nkwụ nke Malaysia
- Ndepụta nke Arecaceae genres
- Mmetụta mmekọrịta na gburugburu ebe obibi nke mmanụ nkwụ
Edensibịa
[dezie|dezie ebe o si]- ↑Michael Le Page (May 5, 2018). "The real palm oil problem: it's not just in your food".New Scientist.
- ↑2.02.12.2Neale (2017-04-28). "Novel Insights into Tree Biology and Genome Evolution as Revealed Through Genomics".Annual Review of Plant Biology68(1): 457–483.DOI:10.1146/annurev-arplant-042916-041049.ISSN1543-5008.PMID 28226237.
- ↑About the Malaysian Palm Oil Industry.Malaysian Palm Oil Board. Archived fromthe originalon 2018-10-20. Retrieved on 2022-09-05.
- ↑Drenth (2016-08-04). "Fungal and Oomycete Diseases of Tropical Tree Fruit Crops".Annual Review of Phytopathology54(1): 373–395.DOI:10.1146/annurev-phyto-080615-095944.ISSN0066-4286.PMID 27491435.
- ↑Tropicos.
- ↑Singh (August 2013). "The oil palm SHELL gene controls oil yield and encodes a homologue of SEEDSTICK".Nature500(7462): 340–344.DOI:10.1038/nature12356.PMID 23883930.
- ↑Wayback Machine.web.archive.org(2009-04-26). Archived fromthe originalon 2009-04-26. Retrieved on 2022-09-05.
- ↑Che Man (1999). "Quality changes of RBD palm olein, soybean oil and their blends during deep-fat frying".Journal of Food Lipids6(3): 181–193.DOI:10.1111/j.1745-4522.1999.tb00142.x.
- ↑Matthäus (2007). "Use of palm oil for frying in comparison with other high-stability oils".European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology109(4): 400–409.DOI:10.1002/ejlt.200600294.
- ↑Sundram (2003). "Palm fruit chemistry and nutrition".Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition12(3): 355–62.PMID 14506001.
- ↑Google Scholar.
- ↑Palm oil - rainforest in your shopping.Friends of the Earth. Archived fromthe originalon 2007-10-16. Retrieved on 2007-11-29.
- ↑Fitzherbert (2008). "How will oil palm expansion affect biodiversity?".Trends in Ecology & Evolution23(10): 538–545.DOI:10.1016/j.tree.2008.06.012.PMID 18775582.
- ↑Culturas temporárias e permanentes(pt).IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics).Archived fromthe originalon 2022-03-03. Retrieved on 2022-03-15.
- ↑Garrett (2021-10-18). "Forests and Sustainable Development in the Brazilian Amazon: History, Trends, and Future Prospects".Annual Review of Environment and Resources46(1): 625–652.DOI:10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-010228.ISSN1543-5938.
- ↑Oro Landowners' Declaration on Large-Scale Commercial Extraction of Natural Resources and the Expansion of Oil Palm Nucleus Estates.Forest Peoples Programme. Archived fromthe originalon 2011-02-02. Retrieved on 2007-11-29.
- ↑Palm oil cultivation for biofuel blocks return of displaced people in Colombia.iDMC. Archived fromthe originalon 2007-11-27. Retrieved on 2007-11-29.
- ↑Ghosts on our Own Land: Indonesian Oil Palm Smallholders and the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm.Forest Peoples Programme. Archived fromthe originalon 2011-07-22. Retrieved on 2009-03-30.
- Corley (2015-10-03).The Oil Palm.Chichester, UK:John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.DOI:10.1002/9781118953297.ISBN 978-1-118-95329-7.S2CID 82631705
- Williams (2013-01-07). "Biological Pest Control in Mexico".Annual Review of Entomology58(1): 119–140.DOI:10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153552.ISSN0066-4170.PMID 22974068.
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie|dezie ebe o si] |
Wikimedia Commons nwe ru media dị ikwu nyeElaeis guineensis. |
Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
[dezie|dezie ebe o si]- (2012) in Lai:Palm Oil: Production, Processing, Characterization, and Uses.Urbana, IL:AOCS Press.ISBN 978-0-9818936-9-3.OCLC827944630.
