Robert Mulliken

Premio Nobel per la chimica 1966

Robert Sanderson Mulliken(Newburyport,7 giugno 1896–Arlington,31 ottobre 1986) è stato unfisicoechimico statunitense.

Figlio di Samuel Parsons Mulliken, professore dichimica organica,e Katherine W. Mulliken, si laurea inchimicapresso ilMassachusetts Institute of Technologynel1917e consegue il Ph.D. presso l'Università di Chicagonel1921in seguito a una ricerca sulla separazione degliisotopidelmercurioperevaporazione.In seguito riceve una borsa di studio dal National Research Council americano per proseguire i suoi studi in questo campo.

Nel1926viene assunto al dipartimento di fisica dell'Università di New York,in seguito lavorerà anche all'Università di Chicago sia nel dipartimento di chimica sia di fisica e diventa professore ordinario nel1931.

Nel1929sposa Mary Helen von Noé, figlia di un professore digeologiadi Chicago. Avranno due figli: Lucia Maria e Valerie Noé. Nei primi anni trenta elabora il modello dell'orbitale molecolare(MO) nellegame chimicobasandosi sul lavoro quantitativo diJohn Lennard-Jones.Questo lavoro varrà poi a Mulliken ilpremio Nobel per la chimicanel 1966.

Nel1934elabora una nuova scala dielettronegativitànon del tutto collegata con quella diLinus Pauling. Nel1936diventa membro dell'Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze americana. Nel1952incomincia ad applicare lameccanica quantisticaallo studio di reazioni acido-base di Lewis. Continua i suoi studi dedicandosi allaspettroscopiaapplicata allastruttura molecolarefino al1985.

Muore per una crisi cardiaca nel 1986 inVirginiaa casa di una figlia, ma viene sepolto aChicago.

Scritti

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(EN)Report on Molecular Orbital Theory(1949)

Altri progetti

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Wikimedia Commonscontiene immagini o altri file suRobert Mulliken

Collegamenti esterni

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Robert Mulliken,suTreccani.it – Enciclopedie on line,Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.
(EN)Robert Sanderson Mulliken,suEnciclopedia Britannica,Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
(EN)Robert Mulliken,sunobelprize.org.

V·D·M Vincitori del Premio Nobel per la chimica
1901 - 1925	Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff(1901) •Emil Fischer(1902) •Svante Arrhenius(1903) •William Ramsay(1904) •Adolf von Baeyer(1905) •Henri Moissan(1906) •Eduard Buchner(1907) •Ernest Rutherford(1908) •Wilhelm Ostwald(1909) •Otto Wallach(1910) •Marie Curie(1911) •Victor Grignard,Paul Sabatier(1912) •Alfred Werner(1913) •Theodore Richards(1914) •Richard Willstätter(1915) •Fritz Haber(1918) •Walther Nernst(1920) •Frederick Soddy(1921) •Francis Aston(1922) •Fritz Pregl(1923) •Richard Zsigmondy(1925)
1926 - 1950	Theodor Svedberg(1926) •Heinrich Wieland(1927) •Adolf Windaus(1928) •Arthur Harden,Hans von Euler-Chelpin(1929) •Hans Fischer(1930) •Carl Bosch,Friedrich Bergius(1931) •Irving Langmuir(1932) •Harold Urey(1934) •Frédéric Joliot-Curie,Irène Joliot-Curie(1935) •Peter Debye(1936) •Walter Haworth,Paul Karrer(1937) •Richard Kuhn(1938) •Adolf Butenandt,Lavoslav Ružička(1939) •George de Hevesy(1943) •Otto Hahn(1944) •Artturi Virtanen(1945) •James B. Sumner,John Northrop,Wendell Meredith Stanley(1946) •Robert Robinson(1947) •Arne Tiselius(1948) •William Giauque(1949) •Otto Diels,Kurt Alder(1950)
1951 - 1975	Edwin McMillan,Glenn T. Seaborg(1951) •Archer Martin,Richard Synge(1952) •Hermann Staudinger(1953) •Linus Pauling(1954) •Vincent du Vigneaud(1955) •Cyril Hinshelwood,Nikolaj Semënov(1956) •Alexander Todd(1957) •Frederick Sanger(1958) •Jaroslav Heyrovský(1959) •Willard Libby(1960) •Melvin Calvin(1961) •Max Perutz,John Kendrew(1962) •Karl Ziegler,Giulio Natta(1963) •Dorothy Hodgkin(1964) •Robert Woodward(1965) •Robert Mulliken(1966) •Manfred Eigen,Ronald Norrish,George Porter(1967) •Lars Onsager(1968) •Derek Barton,Odd Hassel(1969) •Luis Federico Leloir(1970) •Gerhard Herzberg(1971) •Christian Anfinsen,Stanford Moore,William Stein(1972) •E. O. Fischer,Geoffrey Wilkinson(1973) •Paul Flory(1974) •John Cornforth,Vladimir Prelog(1975)
1976 - 2000	William Lipscomb(1976) •Il'ja Prigožin(1977) •Peter Mitchell(1978) •Herbert Brown,Georg Wittig(1979) •Paul Berg,Walter Gilbert,Frederick Sanger(1980) •Ken'ichi Fukui,Roald Hoffmann(1981) •Aaron Klug(1982) •Henry Taube(1983) •Robert Merrifield(1984) •Herbert A. Hauptman,Jerome Karle(1985) •Dudley Herschbach,Yuan T. Lee,John Polanyi(1986) •Donald J. Cram,Jean-Marie Lehn,Charles J. Pedersen(1987) •Johann Deisenhofer,Robert Huber,Hartmut Michel(1988) •Sidney Altman,Thomas Cech(1989) •Elias Corey(1990) •Richard R. Ernst(1991) •Rudolph Marcus(1992) •Kary Mullis,Michael Smith(1993) •George Olah(1994) •Paul Crutzen,Mario Molina,Frank Rowland(1995) •Robert Curl,Harold Kroto,Richard Smalley(1996) •Paul Boyer,John Ernest Walker,Jens Skou(1997) •Walter Kohn,John Pople(1998) •Ahmed Zewail(1999) •Alan Jay Heeger,Alan MacDiarmid,Hideki Shirakawa(2000)
2001 - oggi	William Knowles,Ryōji Noyori,Barry Sharpless(2001) •John B. Fenn,Kōichi Tanaka,Kurt Wüthrich(2002) •Peter Agre,Roderick MacKinnon(2003) •Aaron Ciechanover,Avram Hershko,Irwin Rose(2004) •Robert Grubbs,Richard Schrock,Yves Chauvin(2005) •Roger D. Kornberg(2006) •Gerhard Ertl(2007) •Osamu Shimomura,Martin Chalfie,Roger Tsien(2008) •Venkatraman Ramakrishnan,Thomas Steitz,Ada Yonath(2009) •Richard Heck,Ei-ichi Negishi,Akira Suzuki(2010) •Dan Shechtman(2011) •Brian Kobilka,Robert Lefkowitz(2012) •Martin Karplus,Michael Levitt,Arieh Warshel(2013) •Eric Betzig,Stefan Hell,William Moerner(2014) •Tomas Lindahl,Paul Modrich,Aziz Sancar(2015) •Jean-Pierre Sauvage,James Fraser Stoddart,Bernard Feringa(2016) •Jacques Dubochet,Joachim Frank,Richard Henderson(2017) •Frances Hamilton Arnold,George Pieczenik Smith,Gregory Paul Winter(2018) •John B. Goodenough,M. Stanley Whittingham,Akira Yoshino(2019) •Emmanuelle Charpentier,Jennifer Doudna(2020) •David MacMillan,Benjamin List(2021) •Carolyn R. Bertozzi,Morten Meldal,Barry Sharpless(2022) •Moungi Bawendi,Aleksej Ekimov,Louis E. Brus(2023) •David Baker,Demis Hassabis,John M. Jumper(2024)

V·D·M

Vincitori dellaMedaglia Priestley(ACS)

Ira Remsen(1923) •Edgar Fahs Smith(1926) •Francis P. Garvan(1929) •Charles Lathrop Parsons(1932) •William A. Noyes(1935)Marston T. Bogert(1938) •Thomas Midgley(1941) •James Bryant Conant(1944) •Ian Morris Heilbron(1945) •Roger Adams(1946) •Warren K. Lewis(1947) •Edward R. Weidlein(1948) •Arthur B. Lamb(1949) •Charles August Kraus(1950) •Evan J. Crane(1951) •Samuel C. Lind(1952) •Robert Robinson(1953) •W. Albert Noyes, Jr.(1954) •Charles A. Thomas(1955) •Carl S. Marvel(1956) •Farrington Daniels(1957) •Ernest H. Volwiler(1958) •Hermann Irving Schlesinger(1959) •Wallace Reed Brode(1960) •Louis Plack Hammett(1961) •Joel Henry Hildebrand(1962) •Peter Debye(1963) •John C. Bailar Jr.(1964) •William J. Sparks(1965) •William O. Baker(1966) •Ralph Connor(1967) •William G. Young(1968) •Kenneth S. Pitzer(1969) •Max Tishler(1970) •Frederick Rossini(1971) •George B. Kistiakowsky(1972) •Harold Urey(1973) •Paul Flory(1974) •Henry Eyring(1975) •George S. Hammond(1976) •Henry Gilman(1977) •Melvin Calvin(1978) •Glenn Theodore Seaborg(1979) •Milton Harris(1980) •Herbert Brown(1981) •Bryce Crawford, Jr.(1982) •Robert Mulliken(1983) •Linus Pauling(1984) •Henry Taube(1985) •Karl August Folkers(1986) •John D. Roberts(1987) •Frank H. Westheimer(1988) •George C. Pimentel(1989) •Roald Hoffmann(1990) •Harry B. Gray(1991) •Carl Djerassi(1992) •Robert W. Parry(1993) •Howard E. Simmons(1994) •Derek Harold Richard Barton(1995) •Ernest L. Eliel(1996) •Mary L. Good(1997) •Frank Albert Cotton(1998) •Ronald Breslow(1999) •Darleane C. Hoffman(2000) •Fred Basolo(2001) •Allen Bard(2002) •Edwin J. Vandenberg(2003) •Elias J. Corey(2004) •George A. Olah(2005) •Paul S. Anderson(2006) •George M. Whitesides(2007) •Gábor Arpad Somorjai(2008) •Frederick Hawthorne(2009) •Richard Zare(2010) •Ahmed H. Zewail(2011) •Robert S. Langer(2012) •Peter J. Stang(2013) •Stephen J. Lippard(2014) •Jacqueline Barton(2015) •Mostafa El-Sayed(2016) •Tobin J. Marks(2017) •Geraldine L. Richmond(2018) •Barry Sharpless(2019)

V·D·M

Vincitori delPremio Willard Gibbs(ACS)

Svante Arrhenius(1911) •Theodore William Richards(1912) •Leo Baekeland(1913) •Ira Remsen(1914) •Arthur Amos Noyes(1915) •Willis R. Whitney(1916) •Edward Morley(1917) •William Merriam Burton(1918) •William A. Noyes(1919) •Frederick Gardner Cottrell(1920) •Marie Curie(1921) •Julius Stieglitz(1923) •Gilbert Lewis(1924) •Moses Gomberg(1925) •James Colquhoun Irvine(1926) •John Jacob Abel(1927) •William Draper Harkins(1928) •Claude Silbert Hudson(1929) •Irving Langmuir(1930) •Phoebus Levene(1931) •Edward Curtis Franklin(1932) •Richard Martin Willstätter(1933) •Harold Urey(1934) •Charles August Kraus(1935) •Roger Adams(1936) •Herbert Newby McCoy(1937) •Robert R. Williams(1938) •Donald Dexter Van Slyke(1939) •Vladimir Ipatieff(1940) •Edward Adelbert Doisy(1941) •Thomas Midgley(1942) •Conrad Arnold Elvehjem(1943) •George O. Curme, Jr.(1944) •Frank C. Whitmore(1945) •Linus Pauling(1946) •Wendell Meredith Stanley(1947) •Carl F. Cori(1948) •Peter Debye(1949) •Carl S. Marvel(1950)William Francis Giauque(1951)William C. Rose(1952) •Joel Henry Hildebrand(1953) •Elmer K. Bolton(1954) •Farrington Daniels(1955) •Vincent du Vigneaud(1956) •W. Albert Noyes, Jr.(1957) •Willard Frank Libby(1958) •Hermann Irving Schlesinger(1959) •George B. Kistiakowsky(1960) •Louis Plack Hammett(1961) •Lars Onsager(1962) •Paul Doughty Bartlett(1963) •Izaak M. Kolthoff(1964) •Robert Mulliken(1965) •Glenn Theodore Seaborg(1966) •Robert Burns Woodward(1967) •Henry Eyring(1968) •Gerhard Herzberg(1969) •Frank H. Westheimer(1970) •Henry Taube(1971) •John T. Edsall(1972) •Paul Flory(1973) •Har Gobind Khorana(1974) •Herman F. Mark(1975) •Kenneth S. Pitzer(1976) •Melvin Calvin(1977) •William O. Baker(1978) •Edgar Bright Wilson(1979) •Frank Albert Cotton(1980) •Bert Lester Vallee(1981) •Gilbert Stork(1982) •John D. Roberts(1983) •Elias James Corey(1984) •Donald James Cram(1985) •Jack Halpern(1986) •Allen Bard(1987) •Rudolph Marcus(1988) •Richard Barry Bernstein(1989) •Richard Zare(1990) •Günther Wilke(1991) •Harry B. Gray(1992) •Peter B. Dervan(1993) •Frederick Hawthorne(1994) •John Meurig Thomas(1995) •Fred Basolo(1996) •Carl Djerassi(1997) •Mario Molina(1998) •Lawrence F. Dahl(1999) •Nicholas Turro(2000) •Tobin J. Marks(2001) •Ralph Hirschmann(2002) •John I. Brauman(2003) •Ronald Breslow(2004) •David A. Evans(2005) •Jacqueline K. Barton(2006) •Sylvia T. Ceyer(2007) •Carolyn R. Bertozzi(2008) •Louis Brus(2009) •Maurice Brookhart(2010) •Robert G. Bergman(2011) •Mark Ratner(2012) •Charles M. Lieber(2013) •John E. Bercaw(2014) •John F. Hartwig(2015) •Laura L. Kiessling(2016) •Judith Klinman(2017) •Cynthia Burrows(2018) •Marcetta Y. Darensbourg(2019)

V·D·M

Vincitori delPremio Peter Debye(ACS)

E. Bright Wilson(1962) •Robert Mulliken(1963) •Henry Eyring(1964) •Lars Onsager(1965) •Joseph Hirschfelder(1966) •Joseph E. Mayer(1967) •George B. Kistiakowsky(1968) •Paul Flory(1969) •Oscar K. Rice(1970) •Norman Davidson(1971) •Clyde Hutchison(1972) •William Lipscomb(1973) •Walter H. Stockmayer(1974) •Herbert S. Gutowsky(1975) •Robert W. Zwanzig(1976) •Richard B. Bernstein(1981) •Peter M. Rentzepis(1982) •George C. Pimentel(1983) •B. S. Rabinovitch(1984) •Stuart A. Rice(1985) •Yuan T. Lee(1986) •Harry G. Drickamer(1987) •Rudolph Marcus(1988) •Gábor Arpad Somorjai(1989) •Harden M. McConnell(1990) •Richard Zare(1991) •Frank Stillinger(1992) •Frank Sherwood Rowland(1993) •William A. Klemperer(1994) •John C. Tully(1995) •Ahmed Zewail(1996) •Robin M. Hochstrasser(1997) •Graham R. Fleming(1998) •Jesse L. Beauchamp(1999) •Peter Wolynes(2000) •John Ross(2001) •Giacinto Scoles(2002) •William H. Miller(2003) •W. Carl Lineberger(2004) •Stephen R. Leone(2005) •Donald G. Truhlar(2006) •John Yates(2007) •Michael L. Klein(2008) •Richard J. Saykally(2009) •George Schatz(2010) •Louis E. Brus(2011) •David Chandler(2012) •William Moerner(2013) •Henry F. Schaefer, III(2014) •Xiaoliang Sunney Xie(2015) •Mark Ratner(2016) •Bruce J. Berne(2017) •Paras Nath Prasad(2018)

Controllo di autorità	VIAF(EN)92236672·ISNI(EN)0000 0001 0924 7737·LCCN(EN)n81055377·GND(DE)118785338·BNF(FR)cb12351938d (data)·J9U(EN,HE)987007318160005171

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