Kaviar

Kaviar paling arang tur larang tinemu ing iwak sturgéon beluga ing Sagara Kaspia, nanging wis kena bebaya mèh cures.

Kaviar(saka tembungPèrsiخاويار: Xāviār) yaiku panganan méwah saka endhog iwak kulawarga Acipenseridae sing uwis diawètaké nganggo uyah. Endhogé bisa sing isih "seger" (durung dipastéurisasi) utawa sing uwis dipastéurisasi. Prosès pastéurisasi iki nyuda aji kulinèr lan aji ékonomi kaviar.^[1]

Adaté, istilahkaviarmligi ateges endhog iwak sturgéon alasan ingSagara KaspialanSagara Ireng^[2](kaviar iwak beluga, osètra lan sèvruga). Gumantung nagarané,kaviaruga bisa ateges endhog iwak jinis liya, kaya ta iwak salmon, sirah waja, forèl, pringkil, putih^[3],karper,^[4]lan spésiés iwak sturgéon liyané.^[5]^[6]

Kaviar ingaran panganan méwah lan dipangan minangka panganan sampingan utawa olèsan.

Terminologi

MuturutFAO PBB,endhog iwak apa waé sing dudu spésiés Acipenseriformes (kaya ta Acipenseridae, utawa iwak sturgéonsensu stricto,lan Polyodontidae utawa iwak kayuh) ora bisa ingaran kaviar, nanging "gantining kaviar."^[7]Gantha iki uga dipinangkani déningCITES,^[8]WWF,^[9]US Customs Service,^[10]lan nagaraPrancis.^[11]

Istilah iki uga kanggo ngandharaké panganan-panganan sing wujudé mèmper kaviar, kaya ta "kaviar térong" (kagawé saka térong) lan "Kaviar tèksas" (kagawé saka kacang polong).

Variétas

Patang jinis kaviar sing utama ya iku beluga, sterlèt, osètra, lan sèvruga. Kaviar paling arang tur larang tinemu ya iku sing saka iwak sturgéon beluga, uripé ing Sagara Kaspia sing dikupeng nagara Iran, Kazakhstan, Ruslan, Turkmènistan, lan Azerbaijan. Antara taun 2008 lan 2011, prodhuksining kaviar alasan ing Ruslan dilèrènaké murih kaviar alasan bisa ngrembaka manèh. Azerbaijan lan Iran uga uga ngidinaké pamancingé iwak sturgéon ing pasisir-pasisiré. Kaviar beluga ingaran paling becik kwalitèté amarga endhogé sing alus tur gedhé dhéwé (sagedhé kacang polong). Wernané jinis iki ana manéka saka pérak-klawu pucet nganti ireng. Kaviar sing becik kapindho ya iku kaviar sterlèt emas cilik sing uwis arang lan kawitané namung kanggo para ningrat Ruslan, Iran lan Ostenrik. Sing kwalitèté becik katelu ya iku kaviar osètra sing gedhéné sedhengan lan wernané klawu nganti semu soklat. Sing becik pungkasan ya iku kaviar sèvruga sing ukurané cilik wernané klawu.

Rujukan

↑Miturut Jean-Pierre Esmilaire,Directeur GénéralCaviar House & Prunier:"rong protelon rasaning kaviar ilang lumantar pastéurisasi." (ing"Three-star caviar", Caterersearch - The complete information source for hospitality, 1 February 2001 Archived24 July 2012 atArchive.is).
↑lan Davidson, Tom Jaine,The Oxford companion to food,Oxford University Press, 2006,ISBN 0-19-280681-5,ISBN 978-0-19-280681-9,k. 150.
↑"Smith Bros. Whitefish Caviar".web44.net.Diarsip sakasing asliing 2014-01-04.Dibukak ing2016-09-02.
↑Fodor, Alexandrina, et al. "ASSESSMENT OF DEGREE OF FRESHNESS AND QUALITY OF PRODUCTS TYPE „FISH ROE" SOLD IN SUPERMARKET CHAIN STORES. "Analele Universităţii din Oradea, Fascicula: Ecotoxicologie, Zootehnie şi Tehnologii de Industrie Alimentară 10.A (2011): 177-181.
↑"Caviar, American Caviar, Sturgeon Caviar, Black Caviar, Salmon Caviar".Affordablecaviar.com.Dibukak ing2012-08-18.
↑"Romanoff® Caviar".Marzetti.com. Diarsip sakasing asliing 2011-10-17.Dibukak ing2012-08-18.
↑"Endhog iwak sing ora asal saka jinis Acipenseriformes ora ingaran kaviar, nanging kagolong «gantining kaviar»." ingCatarci, Camillo (2004), "Sturgeons (Acipenseriformes)", inWorld markets and industry of selected commercially-exploited aquatic species with an international conservation profile,FAO Fisheries Circulars - C990, FAO Corporate Document Repository, Fisheries and Aquaculture Department.
↑"Kaviar: Éndhog iwak olahan saka spésies Acipenseriformes." ingCITES (2002), "Annex 1 - CITES guidelines for a universal labelling system for the trade in and identification of caviar", ingResolution Conf. 12.7 - Conservation of and trade in sturgeons and paddlefish,Twelfth meeting of the Conference of the Parties, Santiago (Chile), 3-15 November 2002.Archived14 February 2006 at theWayback Machine.
↑"Kaviar digawé saka éndhog iwak sturgéon lan iwak kayuh, kagolong spésies iwak tuwa dhéwé lan gedhé sadonya, sing durung kapastéurisasi." ingWorld Wide Fund for Nature, Wildlife Trade - Caviar Trade FAQs.
↑"The United States of America Custom Service (US Customs & Border Protection, 2004) ngandharaké kaviar: Kaviar iku endhog sturgéon sing diawètaké sarana uyah.
↑Arrêté du 23 février 2007(NOR: DEVN0750874A; Version consolidée au 06 mai 2007), Article 1: "a) Caviar: oeufs non fécondés, traités, des espèces d'acipensériformes dont la liste figure en annexe du présent arrêté;".

[1] Miturut Jean-Pierre Esmilaire,Directeur GénéralCaviar House & Prunier:"rong protelon rasaning kaviar ilang lumantar pastéurisasi." (ing"Three-star caviar", Caterersearch - The complete information source for hospitality, 1 February 2001 Archived24 July 2012 atArchive.is).

[2] Davidson, Tom Jaine,The Oxford companion to food,Oxford University Press, 2006,ISBN 0-19-280681-5,ISBN 978-0-19-280681-9,k. 150.

[3] "Smith Bros. Whitefish Caviar".web44.net.Diarsip sakasing asliing 2014-01-04.Dibukak ing2016-09-02.

[4] Fodor, Alexandrina, et al. "ASSESSMENT OF DEGREE OF FRESHNESS AND QUALITY OF PRODUCTS TYPE „FISH ROE" SOLD IN SUPERMARKET CHAIN STORES. "Analele Universităţii din Oradea, Fascicula: Ecotoxicologie, Zootehnie şi Tehnologii de Industrie Alimentară 10.A (2011): 177-181.

[5] "Caviar, American Caviar, Sturgeon Caviar, Black Caviar, Salmon Caviar".Affordablecaviar.com.Dibukak ing2012-08-18.

[6] "Romanoff® Caviar".Marzetti.com. Diarsip sakasing asliing 2011-10-17.Dibukak ing2012-08-18.

[7] "Endhog iwak sing ora asal saka jinis Acipenseriformes ora ingaran kaviar, nanging kagolong «gantining kaviar»." ingCatarci, Camillo (2004), "Sturgeons (Acipenseriformes)", inWorld markets and industry of selected commercially-exploited aquatic species with an international conservation profile,FAO Fisheries Circulars - C990, FAO Corporate Document Repository, Fisheries and Aquaculture Department.

[8] "Kaviar: Éndhog iwak olahan saka spésies Acipenseriformes." ingCITES (2002), "Annex 1 - CITES guidelines for a universal labelling system for the trade in and identification of caviar", ingResolution Conf. 12.7 - Conservation of and trade in sturgeons and paddlefish,Twelfth meeting of the Conference of the Parties, Santiago (Chile), 3-15 November 2002.Archived14 February 2006 at theWayback Machine.

[9] "Kaviar digawé saka éndhog iwak sturgéon lan iwak kayuh, kagolong spésies iwak tuwa dhéwé lan gedhé sadonya, sing durung kapastéurisasi." ingWorld Wide Fund for Nature, Wildlife Trade - Caviar Trade FAQs.

[10] "The United States of America Custom Service (US Customs & Border Protection, 2004) ngandharaké kaviar: Kaviar iku endhog sturgéon sing diawètaké sarana uyah.

[11] Arrêté du 23 février 2007(NOR: DEVN0750874A; Version consolidée au 06 mai 2007), Article 1: "a) Caviar: oeufs non fécondés, traités, des espèces d'acipensériformes dont la liste figure en annexe du présent arrêté;".

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