Alcidae

Aethia psittacula

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Animalia—Chordata

Classis:Aves
Ordo:Charadriiformes
Familia:Alcidae
Leach,1820

Palaeontologia

Eocaenoexeunte – Recens 35–0m.a.:

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Subdivisiones:Subfamiliae

*AlcinaeLeach, 1820

• FraterculinaeStrauch, 1985

Species typica

Alca tordaLinnaeus,1758

Alcidae abArchibaldo Thorburnpictae.

Alca tordasolum inOceano Atlanticoinveniuntur.

Alcidae(aProtogermanico*alkǭ'avis maritima') suntfamiliaaviumordinisCharadriiformium,quaegeneraUriam,Cepphum,Aethiatis,Fraterculam,Brachyramphumcomprehendit. PraeterPinguinum impennem,omnes alcidae "volare"tam bene inaquaquam inaereinsigniter possunt. Egregienatantet urinantur, sedambulantesinscitae videntur. Nonnullisspeciebussunt varianominavulgaria inEuropaetAmerica Septentrionali:UriaetCepphus,Angliceguillemotsin Europa, sedmurresin America Septentrionali, etAlle('little auk')dovekieappellatur.

Systematica

• Formae basales et incertae sedis
  • Miocepphus(fossile:Miocaenum media
    • Miocepphus mcclungiWetmore, 1940
    • Miocepphus bohaskaiWijnker and Olson, 2009
    • Miocepphus blowiWijnker and Olson, 2009
    • Miocepphus mergulellusWijnker and Olson, 2009
• Subfamilia Alcinae
  • Tribus Alcini

    

    Synthliboramphus hypoleucusadmodum distinctus a brachyramphinis est.

    • Uria
      • Uria aalge
      • Uria lomvia
    • Alle
      • Alle alle
    • Pinguinus
      • Pinguinus impennis(exstinctus,circa 1844)
    • Alca
      • Alca torda
  • Tribus Synthliboramphini

    

    Cepphus gryllein plumisaestivis(frons) ethiemalis.

    • Synthliboramphus
      • Synthliboramphus scrippsi– olim inS. hypoleucus
      • Synthliboramphus hypoleucus– aliquando inEndomychuraseparatus
      • Synthliboramphus craveri– aliquando inEndomychuraseparatus
      • Synthliboramphus antiquus
      • Synthliboramphus wumizusume
  • Tribus Cepphini

    

    Brachyramphus marmoratusinplumistemporisfeturae.

    • Cepphus
      • Cepphus grylle
      • Cepphus columba
        • Cepphus columba snowi
      • Cepphus carbo
  • Tribus Brachyramphini
    • Brachyramphus
      • Brachyramphus marmoratus
      • Brachyramphus perdix
      • Brachyramphus brevirostris
• Subfamilia Fraterculinae
  • Tribus Aethiini

    

    Fratercula cirrhata.

    • Ptychoramphus
      • Ptychoramphus aleuticus
    • Aethia
      • Aethia psittacula
      • Aethia cristatella
      • Aethia pygmaea
      • Aethia pusilla
  • Tribus Fraterculini
    • Cerorhinca
      • Cerorhinca monocerata
    • Fratercula
      • Fratercula arctica
      • Fratercula corniculata
      • Fratercula cirrhata

Nexus interni

• Kiviak,cibustraditionalisInuitinGroenlandia,ex alcidis incutepinnipediorumconditus

Bibliographia

• Collinson, Martin.2006."Splitting headaches? Recent taxonomic changes affecting the British and Western Palaearctic lists."British Birds99 (6): 306–23.Editio interretialis.
• Friesen, V. L., A. J. Baker, et J. F. Piatt.1996."Phylogenetic Relationships Within the Alcidae (Charadriiformes: Aves) Inferred from Total Molecular Evidence."Molecular Biology and Evolution13 (2): 359–67. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025595.PMID 8587501.
• Gaston, Anthony J., et Ian L. Jones.1998.The Auks: Alcidae.Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.ISBN 0-19-854032-9.
• Johnsgard, Paul.Diving Birds of North America.
• Konyukhov, N. B.2002."Possible Ways of Spreading and Evolution of Alcids."Biology Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences29 (5): 447–54.Russicescriptus. doi:10.1023/A:1020457508769.
• Moum, Truls, Ulfur Arnason, et Einar Árnason.2002"Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Evolution and Phylogeny of the Atlantic Alcidae, Including the Extinct Great Auk (Pinguinus impennis). "Molecular Biology and Evolution19 (9): 1434–39. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004206.PMID 12200471.
• Paton, T. A., A. J. Baker, J. G. Groth, et G. F. Barrowclough.2003."RAG-1 sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships within charadriiform birds."Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution29 (2): 268–78. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00098-8.PMID 13678682.
• Smith, N. A.2011."Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae)."ZooKeys91: 1–116. doi:10.3897/zookeys.91.709.PMID 21594108.PMC 3084493.
• Strauch J. G., Jr.1985."The phylogeny of the Alcidae."The Auk102 (3): 520–539. JSTOR 4086647. doi:10.1093/auk/102.3.520.PDF.
• Thomas, Gavin H., Matthew A. Wills, et Tamás Székely.2004."A supertree approach to shorebird phylogeny."BMC Evolutionary Biology4 (1): 28. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-4-28.PMID 15329156.PMC 515296.Materia supplementaria.

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communiaplura habent quae adAlcidasspectant.