Alcidae
Appearance
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Auks.jpg/170px-Auks.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Alca_torda_Roest_2003.jpg/220px-Alca_torda_Roest_2003.jpg)
Alcidae(aProtogermanico*alkǭ'avis maritima'[1][2]) suntfamiliaaviumordinisCharadriiformium,quaegeneraUriam,Cepphum,Aethiatis,Fraterculam,Brachyramphumcomprehendit. PraeterPinguinum impennem,omnes alcidae "volare"tam bene inaquaquam inaereinsigniter possunt. Egregienatantet urinantur, sedambulantesinscitae videntur. Nonnullisspeciebussunt varianominavulgaria inEuropaetAmerica Septentrionali:UriaetCepphus,Angliceguillemotsin Europa, sedmurresin America Septentrionali, etAlle('little auk')dovekieappellatur.
Systematica
[recensere|fontem recensere]- Formae basales et incertae sedis
- Miocepphus(fossile:Miocaenum media
- Miocepphus mcclungiWetmore, 1940
- Miocepphus bohaskaiWijnker and Olson, 2009
- Miocepphus blowiWijnker and Olson, 2009
- Miocepphus mergulellusWijnker and Olson, 2009
- Miocepphus(fossile:Miocaenum media
- Subfamilia Alcinae
- Tribus Alcini
Synthliboramphus hypoleucusadmodum distinctus a brachyramphinis est. - Tribus Synthliboramphini
Cepphus gryllein plumisaestivis(frons) ethiemalis. - Synthliboramphus
- Synthliboramphus scrippsi– olim inS. hypoleucus
- Synthliboramphus hypoleucus– aliquando inEndomychuraseparatus
- Synthliboramphus craveri– aliquando inEndomychuraseparatus
- Synthliboramphus antiquus
- Synthliboramphus wumizusume
- Synthliboramphus
- Tribus Cepphini
Brachyramphus marmoratusinplumistemporisfeturae. - Tribus Brachyramphini
- Tribus Alcini
- Subfamilia Fraterculinae
Nexus interni
- Kiviak,cibustraditionalisInuitinGroenlandia,ex alcidis incutepinnipediorumconditus
Notae
[recensere|fontem recensere]- ↑Definition of AUK..www.merriam-webster.com
- ↑Definition of auk..www.dictionary.com
Bibliographia
[recensere|fontem recensere]- Collinson, Martin.2006."Splitting headaches? Recent taxonomic changes affecting the British and Western Palaearctic lists."British Birds99 (6): 306–23.Editio interretialis.
- Friesen, V. L., A. J. Baker, et J. F. Piatt.1996."Phylogenetic Relationships Within the Alcidae (Charadriiformes: Aves) Inferred from Total Molecular Evidence."Molecular Biology and Evolution13 (2): 359–67. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025595.PMID 8587501.
- Gaston, Anthony J., et Ian L. Jones.1998.The Auks: Alcidae.Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.ISBN 0-19-854032-9.
- Johnsgard, Paul.Diving Birds of North America.
- Konyukhov, N. B.2002."Possible Ways of Spreading and Evolution of Alcids."Biology Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences29 (5): 447–54.Russicescriptus. doi:10.1023/A:1020457508769.
- Moum, Truls, Ulfur Arnason, et Einar Árnason.2002"Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Evolution and Phylogeny of the Atlantic Alcidae, Including the Extinct Great Auk (Pinguinus impennis). "Molecular Biology and Evolution19 (9): 1434–39. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004206.PMID 12200471.
- Paton, T. A., A. J. Baker, J. G. Groth, et G. F. Barrowclough.2003."RAG-1 sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships within charadriiform birds."Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution29 (2): 268–78. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00098-8.PMID 13678682.
- Smith, N. A.2011."Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae)."ZooKeys91: 1–116. doi:10.3897/zookeys.91.709.PMID 21594108.PMC 3084493.
- Strauch J. G., Jr.1985."The phylogeny of the Alcidae."The Auk102 (3): 520–539. JSTOR 4086647. doi:10.1093/auk/102.3.520.PDF.
- Thomas, Gavin H., Matthew A. Wills, et Tamás Székely.2004."A supertree approach to shorebird phylogeny."BMC Evolutionary Biology4 (1): 28. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-4-28.PMID 15329156.PMC 515296.Materia supplementaria.
Nexus externi
[recensere|fontem recensere]![]() |
Vicimedia Communiaplura habent quae adAlcidasspectant. |