Realismus litterarius
Realismus litterariusest inclinatiomodi,primum inlitteris Francicismedio saeculo undevicensimoincipiente oriens et tumscriptoressaeculorum undevicensim exeuntisetvicensimi ineuntisattingens, advitametsocietatesaequaevas describendas ut fuerunt aut sunt. In generalirealismiingenio, scriptores realismi descriptiones praebere malebant agitationum etexperientiarumquotidianarum et insulsarum, contra speciem miram vel similiter speciosam.
Fastigium
[recensere|fontem recensere]TraditurHonorius de Balzac(1799–1850) fuisse auctor ordinati inlitteris Francicisrealismi, per certa singula et personas redientis comprehensas.[1][2][3]Theodorus Dostoevskij,Leo Tolstoj,Gustavus Flaubert,etIoannes Turgenevhabentur a multisiudicibusfastigium modi realistici exprimere per inornatamorationem solutamcongestumque certorum singulorumvitaequotidianae. In litterisTheodiscis,realismus saeculi undevicensimi nomine realismi poetici vel realismi burgi crevit, et inter figuras maiores suntTheodorus Fontane,Gustavus Freytag,Godofredus Keller,Gulielmus Raabe,Adalbertus Stifter,etTheodorus Storm.[4]Inter scriptores realisticos sequentis fueruntBenitus Pérez Galdós,Guido de Maupassant,Antonius Chekhov,Iosephus Maria de Eça de Queirós,Ioachim Maria Machado de Assis,Ioannes Neruda,Bolesław Prus,et sensu latiore,Aemilius Zola,cuiusnaturalismusconsequens realismi saepe habetur.
Scriptores anglophoni
[recensere|fontem recensere]Middlemarch,mythistoriaGeorgii Eliot(1819–1880), pro magno traditionis realismiAnglicimonumentoest, praecipuum exemplum partium quas realismussaeculo undevicensimoegit cum crescens forumcapitalisticumaccommodaret.Gulielmus Dean Howellsfuit primusscriptorAmericanusquiaestheticamrealisticam inlitteras Civitatum Foederatarumintulit. Eiusfabulaedevitaoptimatum divitumBostoniaedecenniopost1850ab eruditisfictionisAmericanae magni aestimantur.The Rise of Silas Lapham,eius mythistoria populo gratissima,hominemdepingit qui perironiamoperam opesque ob errores suos perdit.Stephanus Craneetiam scriptor agnoscitur qui magnos realismi aspectus indagavit infictioneAmericana,insigniter infabulis"Maggie: A Girl of the Streets" et "The Open Boat."[5][6]Et mythistoriaJude the ObscureaThoma Hardyscripta anno1895exemplum realismi putatur.
Nexus interni
Notae
[recensere|fontem recensere]- ↑Samuel Rogers,Balzac & The Novel(Novi Eboraci: Octagon Books, 1953).
- ↑William W. Stowe,Balzac, James, and the Realistic Novel(Princetoniae: Princeton University Press, 1983).ISBN 0691065675.
- ↑C. P. Snow,The Realists: Portraits of Eight Novelists(Macmillan, 1968).ISBN 0333244389.
- ↑Sabine Becker,Bürgerlicher Realismus; Literatur und Kultur im bürgerlichen Zeitalter 1848-1900(Tubingae: Francke, 2003). Sabine Becker,Bürgerlicher Realismus und Gründerzeit 1848-1890(Monaci: Carl Hanser, 1996), ed Edward McInnes et Gerhard Plumpe.
- ↑M. Fried,Realism, Writing, Disfiguration: On Thomas Eakins and Stephen Crane(Sicagi: University of Chicago Press, 1987).
- ↑Aaron Sommers,Crane's Experiment in Misery.
Bibliographia
[recensere|fontem recensere]- Baron, Christine, et Manfred Engel, eds.2010.Realism/Anti-Realism in 20th-Century Literature.Rodopi.ISBN 9789042031159.
- Fernández, David.2008.Literatura Universal.Barcinonae: Almadraba.ISBN 9788483087039.
- Ferrer Jordi, et Susana Cañuelo.2002.Historia de la literatura universal.Barcinonae: Óptima.ISBN 849530032X.
- Kearns, Katherine.1996.Nineteenth-Century Literary Realism: Through the Looking-Glass.Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.ISBN 0521496063.
- McMurray, William J.1967.The Literary Realism of William Dean Howells.Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
- Picon, Gaëtan.1958.Le roman et la prose lyrique au XIXe siècle. InHistoire des littératures,vol. 3. Encyclopédie de la Pléiade. Lutetiae: Gallimard.
- Smith, Mack.1995.Literary Realism and the Ekphrastic Tradition.University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.ISBN 027101329X.
- Villanueva, Darío.1997.Theories of Literary Realism.Conv. Mihai I. Spariosu et Santiago García Castañón. Albaniae: State University of New York Press.ISBN 0791433277,ISBN 0791433285.
Nexus externi
[recensere|fontem recensere]- Realismus in litteris Americanis,www.wsu.edu (Literary Movements)
- "Victorian Realism: how real?"www.bbc.co.uk (BBC Radio 4,In Our Time)